LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES – DAVAO

Km 11, LPU Town Center, CP Garcia Highway, Buhangin District, Davao City
JUNIOR COLLEGE

Angeline D. Dela Torre JPL 2 STEM - Compassion

1. Philippine-American War (1899–1902): The conflict erupted after the Philippines claimed
independence from Spain and the United States gained control of the country as part of the
Treaty of Paris. Filipinos battled against American colonialism, culminating in a violent struggle
that lasted years.

 Pros of American rule: Some Filipinos believed that American rule would bring economic and
political progress, modernization, and improved education.

 ‌ ntis of American rule: Other Filipinos viewed American colonization as a violation of their
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independence and sovereignty. They also protested against the brutal suppression of the
Philippine revolution by American forces.

2. The United States colonized the Philippines (1898-1946): Following the Philippine-American
War, the United States created a colonial authority in the Philippines, which lasted until the
country’s independence in 1946.

 ‌ ros of American rule: Some Filipinos thought that American control resulted in economic
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prosperity, modernity, and increased education.

 ‌ ntis of American rule: Other Filipinos saw American colonialism as a breach of their
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independence and sovereignty. They also protested against the repression of Philippine culture
and language, as well as American prejudice and exploitation of Filipinos.

3. The Balangiga massacre (1901): In retaliation for an attack by Filipino rebels, US forces killed
thousands of Filipino civilians in the town of Balangiga.
 ‌ ros of US action: Some Americans believed that the massacre was necessary to pacify the
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rebellion and maintain control over the Philippines.

 ‌ ntis of US action: Many Filipinos viewed the massacre as a brutal and unjustified attack on
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innocent civilians, and it became a symbol of resistance against American colonization.

4. Philippine Commonwealth period (1935-1946): During this period, the Philippines had a semi-
autonomous government under US sovereignty.

 ‌ ros of Commonwealth status: Some Filipinos believed that the Commonwealth status gave the
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country a degree of self-rule and allowed for greater political participation.

 ‌ ntis of Commonwealth status: Others viewed the Commonwealth status as a continuation of

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US domination over the Philippines, and argued that the country should have full independence.

5. The Bataan Death March (1942): After the Japanese invaded the Philippines during World War
II, US and Filipino soldiers were forced to march for days without food or water, resulting in the
deaths of thousands.

 ‌ ros of US involvement: Some Filipinos believed that the US was fighting to liberate the
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Philippines from Japanese occupation, and saw the Bataan Death March as evidence of
Japanese brutality.

 ‌ ntis of US involvement: Others criticized the US for failing to protect the Philippines from
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invasion, and argued that the Bataan Death March was a result of US military incompetence

6. Balikatan Exercises (2002-2016) the Balikatan Exercises were joint military exercises between
the United States and the Philippines. The drills sought to improve military cooperation and
preparedness between the two nations, as well as to educate Philippine troops in
counterterrorism and disaster relief.
 ‌ ros: The joint military exercises between the US and the Philippines helped to enhance military
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cooperation and readiness

 ‌ ntis: Many Filipinos saw the exercises as a continuation of the US military presence and a
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violation of Philippine sovereignty

7. Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (2014) The Enhanced Defense Cooperation deal
(EDCA) is a military deal signed in 2014 between the Philippines and the United States. The pact
intends to increase bilateral defense cooperation, boost regional security and stability, and
improve the Philippines' defense capabilities.

 ‌ ros: The agreement allowed for greater US military presence and access to Philippine bases
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and facilities, which could enhance the country's defense capabilities

 ‌ ntis: Critics saw the agreement as a surrender of Philippine sovereignty and a risk to national
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security