1.

1 -
1) A [1[AX33
=

B 8 even int
=

[143
c odd int from 1to
=

infinity
1.1. 2) class=[A,B, C
class=[11,2,31, 48, 10, 12, 147, (1,3,5,7......)I

1.1-3) Affinite, countable

Be finite, countable
↳ infinite, countable
D- finite, countable
->finite, countable

G-infinite, uncountable

H
I
-> infinite, uncountable
-> infinite, uncountable
E
1.1 -
4) A B =

BA
=

ACC BC
ACI BCI
AcG BCG
ECD H2G
ICE
FCD

1.1 -

5)(a3[b3[c3[d]
ab,d

E
a,b

and 3
a,bx

bic a,d,c
b, d b,c,d a,b,c,d

1.1 -

6)a\[-40(T- 1307 3 $ =

b);T73273 -

-[32(T110073 at N
$ $
N

-e
1.1

b)
-
8(a) 5
v-10}
S S0 <
=
=
-

10-7
103 e -
10
7 2

13
-
2 7

y 4 13x4x7] W W W
-) =
-

1.1-9) A [-9, -8,7...,0,1,2,3

=
.
. .

.,6,73
B[ =
-

1,1,3,53
1BCA!

1.1 10) A,[4,3Az2923Ay 5a33 =

=
=
-

Ay [4,423As 59,/a33Aj [az,a33

=
= =

A13a,,a/az3 =

1.1-11) tublaw:a) 52,3,4,5,6,7,83 rute: 21E=int<93

b) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,93 E=in+19}
[14
c) RegR/n, 12
=
5, R10
n =
. . . .

.,
=

Reg10/n, [ 105, 1, .,2]

=
. . . .

d) RegnR, =

SY, 4.4,6.6,8.8, 11, 13.25

1.1-123 tot 100 =
capacitor

capacitor 2=0.0- V=100

capacitor (= amt
->
v SEN
=

capacitor 1mf c
=

v lar
=

A 5603 =

B 1003 =

c 5353
=

S
1.2 1) - B C
A

1.2 2) a) A
- -
B

2 6, 4,1.6,83
= - -

b) B A -

[1,2,43
=

c) AUB 9-6, -4, -0.5,0,1,1.6,2,4,83 =

d) AB [ -0.5,03 =

1.2 -

3)a)36,8,723
b)42346,83
<) [2,416,8,10
d)[2,41103

e) [6,83
1.2 -

8)a)[ -1025x 4} -

b) 5 -
7 <5[ -

5]
c) c
5 9S(N3
=
-

d)[ 951 53 -
-

1.2-12)a)A [80- A =

1058m}
B
59502B21750mY
=

c 51750 2000
=

b) AnB
=

[9502/1050m3
c) AUB [8015417503 =

-
UB [0S80
=

and 1750<s[2000}
d) AUBUC=[805420003

AUBUC=
30-S <803

1.8-15) a) not truen d) False (I is notincluded)

b) true e) true

C) False F)

9) False
1.3 -
1) 1,2,3,4,5,6
p(0dd) =I =
=

A 21,3,53
=

P(A)3)=I =
=

3)
= 24,5,63
AUB [1,3,4,5,63
= AVB =
=

a)3zodde d
ArB 554 =
AMB I =

ax3joddes

13 -2) 6=36 probabilities

3 3
1 6
+
2 5
+ 3 4
+
6 5 +

Sum=11
sum=7
6 1
+
5 2 +
4 3 +
5 6
+

↑(win)
3=
=
 1.3-3) 5 30(a <100]
=

P(20 +035) =
P158)= =0 cuz it's probablity is
nearly impossible.

1.3-4) a) AUC 3a,,95/96,993

=

b) BUC-
c [a,a2,a3,a4,as,A7,ay,a,0]=

BUT (a,,9493,44,as,96/47,48,aq/a,]
=

5 P(S) 1
=
=
=

C) A(BUC) - (BUC) 2a, ax9s,493

=

2a,,993
An(BUC) -

d) ANB [a,,a/as,aj,aq}
=

AUB [0,,94,07/23,9103
=

e) (NB) 1C=9ax,993

1.3-6) A 36 shows up 3
=

B 32,5 shows
=

up]
P(A) b =

P(B) 2 3
=
=

1.3-7) P(black) = P (red)

ITS
=

500

FO
P(Green) 1
=
P(white):
500

p(blue) =
1.3-8) 52 cards
tot=

P(Jack) s
=

Paren
3)= E
1.3 -9) 42 +
44 +
4+
41 +
4 2
+
43
+
1 4
+
4
2+ 34
+

B
43 + 45 +
4 44
+ +
5 4 6
+

54
+
6 4 +

P(A) = =

P(B) 56
=

36

P(AandB) Y =

ACB!

103-10) & 8 probabilities

=

(,,, CH,T,H), T,T, H), T, H,T), CH,T,T), 2T, H, H), CH, H, H1, (5, +, 5)

(A
advance to step2) (H, H, T) / ( H,T, H) / T, T, H)/(T,H,T) Y
=
=

fail after 1sttoss) (H, T,T)/(T, H, H)

(A =

3
=

(no
Failing) (HH, H)/(T, T, T
= =

G
1.3 -12) 23 +
24 +
32 +
5 2
+

25 +
2 6 + 42 +
62
+

PC2 and 3 or larger) = -

36

3 +1 1 +
3 1+ 2 6 4
+ 6 65 6
+
+

12
36
22
+ 21 + 1 1
+
6 54 6
+
+
55+

13 -

13)
1.4-1) a)4Queens
p (second is
queen
first
is a
green) =
b)P (second is seven firsti s a
great sY
=

a) P) green green- * * 221 * =

1.4-2) P(4 cards are seven) 2* 0*4q=

=

1.4 -3) 0

P(D) Yod
=
PCDRE)= lor

pas*= e
P(E) 38/100 =

P(t)

P(D)

1.4-4) asince B,UB2$, then B, Sjresistors, =

B210% resistors
=

P(D) P(DB)
P(B,) +P(D (B2) P(B2)
=

= P(DB, P(B! P(DBL P(B2)

+

PCB, P(B2)

+ xs
x
=

b) P(B,ID) P(DIB,P(B) =
B" P(B.) Fox's**
= =

=
P(D) P(D) 24/100

1.4-5) a) p(0.0mflbox2) O =

using bay's
theor b) p(boxy /0.01mf) =

p(b0xz(0.amf) p(0.0mt) p(0.0/box) P(boxy) =

(box, la.msix =st

-

1.4-6)pcoobat
P(001(boxy)
asi
=
tilbox the colbatener
p(0.11boxy) 5 =

P40lboxs1 s =

1.4 -7) P(A,) p(A,1B,PCB,) P(A, 1B>(4(Bd

= +

05

0.95 x0.6 +0.05

=

X0.4

P(A,) 0.59
=

05

p(A2) p(Az1Bz) xP(B2) P(AcB,)P(B,)

= +

0.95x0.4
=>
+0.05x0.6

P(A2) 0.41=

-I

1.4 -8)
0.1- -0

P(A,) p(A, 1B,) p(B,)

=

+ P(A,1B1) P(B2)

= Ix0.7 + 0x0.3

03 10
P(A,) 0.7
=

P(Az) P(Az1B,P(B,) P(AzIBC) P(Bal

=
+

0X0.7
=
+ 1x0.3

P(Az) 0.3
=
1.4 9)
-
IOW ISW SOW tot

defective 15 7 3 25

Good 856327175

100 70 30 200

already
a) p(deflow the -

b) p (def150W) P(def1Sow) xp (50N)

=

-x
5
-

c) P(def) p(D/10W) P(lOW)=

+ p(D125w) p(25w) + p(D15ow) p(50W)
=
x5 x5 5 5 +
+
E
=
0.11567
=

1.4-10) a) P(launch) p(AB) =

P(AIB) 1B)
=

P(B)
P(BA) p(BIA)p(A) =

P(AB) P(BRA)
=

=0.06 x0.0

P(AB) 6x10Y =

b) P(AIB) P(ARB) = 6x10Y

=

=0.02
P(B) 0.03

a) P(AB) =P(A(P(B)
GX104 =0.0x0.} dep.

1.4-12) 422 ↑
(98) p29814)p(4) p(9812) P(22)
=
+

980.010.02 = 0.d x0.45+0.02x0.55

990.330.04 =0.0/55

100 0.88 0.83 p (94) p(9914,3P(L) P(99/22)P(22)

=
+

14 0.06 0.02 = 0.33x0.45 0.04x0.55

+

102 0.02 0.03 0.1705

=

PL100) 0.3525
=

P(101) 0.071
=

sab p(102) 0.0255 =

3) P(2,1100) P(4,100) 0.396

=

PL100)
=

0.8SIS
=0.4645 t we
find
cant (fromlow, only 100 in 4,

P(L,1100) p(100nL,)
= = P(1001(1) p(4) 0.88 x0.45=0.396 =

C) P(100)A) P(99) =

+ P(98) 0.0155 =
+
0.170S 0.186=

1.4 -13) a) p(def) p(cf/A) p(A)

=

+p(def1B) p(B) p(def/C) PCC) +

50.00 x
5 0.003X 5+0002x5
+

3
=

p(def) 2 x10
=

b) pAldef) p(def) p(def/Al p (A) =

0.003 x/3
p(AIdet) P(defIA)PCA) =

p(BIdef) =
1
=

2
P(def) 2x10-3

=0.00 x 1/3 X 1/3

2x,03
P(c(def) 0.002
=

2N0-3
-

5
=0.1667
 1.4-14) a) P(aca) p(acelD,) p(D,) = +
P(aceID.) p(D2) + P(acelD,>P<P3)

** +
5 5 5x5 x + 2
0.12179-56

b) p(3) p(31D,)P(D, P(31D2) P(D3 P(31D,)P(Dy)

=
+ +

=
2 5
+ +
+

545 5 =

0.05698
=

<) p (red carch) p(redID, PCD), P(redID2) PCD2)

=

+ + ParedIDs)P(D3)

- +yx 5 5
+

5I =

1.5 -
1)

PANBT EF =

A,Bale dependent
PAC) 0f =

X TA,are dependent
PCBC) = 0.19 =

B, c a re
dependent
P(ABC) 0
=
P(A)PCBSPCC) AB, C a re dependent
0.805

Ri R2

1.5-5) ao ⑧b

0.0j
Ry RY
Because they're independent

p(fal) p(R, UR1) nP(R,URy) =p(RIUP(R2)PCRs>/P(Ry)

=

p(fail) P(R! + P(R) P(R,URL)

= -
x
p(R3)+p(Ry)-P(RyMRy)
2P,
=
-

P,*242 P2 -

(2x0.005
= -0.005") + (2x0.008-cowdh

1.58x0-4
=

1.5
-
6)
0.00s
↑ (Fail) =

p (upper path/ Mp
Clower path
0.
plupper) PCRIUP(R2Rs)
=

0.05
plupper) p(R,) + p(RzMRs) P(R, MR2nR3)
=
-

0.
=0.005 +0.0x80-0,005xadxod
5.09x103
Plupper)
02 =

Power) p(Ry) p(Rs 1R6l

= +

p(Ry) P(Rs)p(Rs)
=
+

0.c
= + 0.05xQ05

Pllower) 0.0125
=

5.09 N0-3
P(l) 0.025 =
x

5
6.3625x10-
=

16 -
1) 5, [4,2,3,4,53
=

S2Gm,mn, m, m4}
=

E 3
(a,mi Kym) (4, Mg) (4/my)
(C2M, (C2/M2) (C2,M3) (C2m4)

(x,mi) (y, m2) ((y,my) [(y/m4)

S -

(4, m,)((y, m2) (<n,my) (y,my)

(5, mi) (25,mi) (25, mz) (5,my)

 1.6 -2)a)

*
L

W 10 15

&
b)
yo

E
S
⑲ 3
40

1.6 -
3) 64 1296 =

1.6-4) 52Cs 2598960

= corder isnot
imp)
1.7 1) N4

Z armouth
-
=

cat we have only

oftolerance)
p (out 0.03 two possible outcomes (tolerance
=

a) p(4 outoftolerance) (4)00(1-0.0b)*-* =

8.1x10-7
=

p(z outoftolerance)
b) =

(I) 0.032(1-0.034-2
=
2! X0.032(1-0.035-
5.08XIA-3
=

4 5

(v) x0.03(1-0.03)
-

<) p(all in tolerance) =

-
! x0.03°(1-0.03)*-*
0.8852928
=

1.7-2) P(landing) 0.2 =

N 6 =

N-k

a) (Y)p"x1 p) -

6 0

(8)0.8"(1 0.0)
-

= -

8! x0.8°(1-0.3-
6.4x10-5
=

least one!
b)! at
5
1- p (none landedin zone) = 1 -
6.4x10 0.999936
=

<IP (three or more I!

6-1
= (9)0.8'(1-0.8) 6.4x10 + 0.81536 1.536x83 +

p(1/6) 1.536XC-3 = 0.8696

=

=(2) 0.8(1 03-2 -

1 -
0.01696 0.98304
=

p(216) 0.01536 =

p(success) 0.98304
=

yes the
program is successful
1.7-3)
 1.7
4)(5) 04"(1-0.4)3
-

=0.2304 0.2304 0.0768 + 0.0024

+

(4) 0.4"(1-0.4)-4 =
0.31744
=

0.0768
5
0.45
-

(5)0.4x -

=0.0024

b) () 0.4"(1-0.4)5-0
p(never late) 0.07776
=

1.7-5(N 5 =

p (departing late) 0.3

=

/
2.1 -
1) 5 591,2.5,63=

a) X2s =
-> S 50,2,5,124
=

b) x 55 =
-

12 5 2 14,30.25,1793
= -

c) X cos(4s) -> 5 G -1,0,13

=

d) X (1 35)=5 E11 21 015,

=
- =
-
-
-

2.1 -
2)S 5 2<5453 =
-

a) X2S =

-
2<55

4 <2510

b) X 552 =
-
1

-
24545
0 (s25
0
[55125
-
1 55" 1124

c) X cos(Is)
=

2515
-

2π <s [SH
-
1 [cos(s)[ 1
-

d) X (1 35)
=
-

2525
-

6235/15
154-3546
-

14[1-3547
& Id
-

is 7
2.1-3) a) continuous

b)mixed

c) discrete
d)discrete
For the man:

Sid
2.1-5) X2 =

positive
X 2
negative
=
-

For the friend:

.
2.6 -

1) 5 [ 21-5[493
=
-

<

isit
e
1
x
- in

2.1 7)
-

iRENNtie 2
 201-92jtiie P(X0) 5

p(x1) 3
p(x2) 3
=

=
=

CH, H,T) (T,T,T) (T,H1H) p(X 3) 1

=
=

CH, T,T] (T(H,T) (A,T, H)

(H,H,) ST, T, H)

2.1-10) p(Head) 0.6

=

(k)<p"(1 p)
k
-

=
-

p(x0
=

(8) (0.621- 0.6)

=

0.064
=

p(x 1) (3)0.6(1 0.6

+
= =
-
0.228
=

p(x2) (z) 0.61 0.6

x
=
=
-

=
0.432

p(x3) (3) x0.621 0.*0.216

= - =
=

2.1-1) EzE,(z) =

Ez =
12(2) =

2.16
p 24,414,43
=

Ez =
12(32) 4.372 =

52.16,4.37,6.59,6.743
E=
Ez = 12
(32) 6.59
=

Ez =
12(2-0) 8.74 =

2.1-12) a)Descrete
b) x 22,3,53
=

initie
2.1-13) as

-
P( -15) 6
=
P(35) 1
2
=

p(15) = =
p(25) 5 =

2.1-14) [-4 755-123 $

=

-
at

6 -

:
n - & I I

mixed random variable 2 -

-

I x(i)
C
-

2 -
I
!'I 3 : -
2
-
!
--
I

2
ex) toss a coin times,
3 define RoVoX as # heads, find
of fx(d), fx(x), p(0x<1], p(X) 13
2=
distribution density
8 probabilities
N
H,H,H TITIT T, T, H

① 5x58,9,2953 =
D. R.V H, H,T H, T, H T,H,H
8 to find disturbation function: HIT,T T, H,T a f(x)
N4 =
-(2) 2,P(x
=
xi)u(x xi)
=
-

718
1

P(X 0) ==

418
p(X 1) = fx(X) yn(2) 8u(x 1) Eu(x 2)
j4( 3)
=
=
+
- + - + -

1/8
p(x 2) 2
=
=

p(X3) 5 = =
E
0 I 2 37

-
③ to find density function:
fx2x d
= a fx(x)

fx(x) yf(x)
=

8d(x
+
-
1) +
-f(x -
2) f(ab)
+

- ⑤
a a

④ p102X21] - CDF
18 ↳
x

p[0(x x 1] f(1) f(0)

= - a

b:ys
2
-
=

!5"Y L 0 S
I 2 3
~

= 2

8 p[Xx1] 1
p[X11] 1 fx21] 1
Bb
=
- = - = =
=

or

P(X 2) P(x 3) + =
= =

+8
I
=
-

ex) multiple choice exam with 5 questions, each has 5 choices, one is allowed, one is correct, and
they are
equally likey. Define R.VoxA of
correctquestions, find 4x(X), fx(x), p(1xce)
P[0[X3]
① Sx 20,1,2,3,4,53 =

P[14x->2]
② Ican't
know for sure whata r

the probabilities for X;(unlike the coin)

so we will use Bernotti:

P(x0] = =

(8)(5)° 5 -

=
0.32768

p(x1) (5)(5)(
= =
-

5-
0.4096
=

()(5)-2 j)5 f(x)

-

P(X23 <E(x)
= =
-

0.2048
0.999
=

P [x 33 =

(55)(5)(1 5)53
= -

0.97
=> 0.0512 0.942

p(x 43
=
(y)(+)"21 5)*4
=
-

8 .4046

6.4x18-35
=

-
5 0.3276

p(x 53
=

(5)(5))
=
-

5) 2 >X L >x
12345 12 345
= 3.2xI0:4
V -

③ fx1 E,
=

P(X=xi) u(x- 1)
X(x) Eu(x) =

j-u(x
+
-

1) Iu(x
+
2)
- +

ju(x -
3) 5u(x
+ -
4) yn)
+ -
5)

④ fx(x) d =

dx
fx() f(x) jd(x 1) yf( 2) 5d(x 3) jf( 4) y8(
+

5)
=
= - + - - + - -
+ +

⑤ p[Ix(z] fx(z) =
-

fx(1) p[x 13
+ = -

p[x2)
=
 random described defined
example, a currentis in the
sample space s=f4i-7123,the R. VIX is as:

find:0$X

S
x(i) = 2
-

,i4-2
D

a 21 ② fx(x)
i
1
-

-12:14 ③ Ex(X)
6
/
:34 ④p[0x> 1]
⑧ p(x)2]
-> from: values X

①Sx 5 -2,( 2,1),163

x
= -

-
M.R. V
4
② x( -
2 fx(x) 0
=
=

check the graph for alpha tell than-2,there's

literally no
graph. 2

I 8. ③

4 1
3 x a z -

P(x-x2) p( 42 2)
- -

- =
-
=
=
2
= -

x
i
=

.
=
-

b -
a 12 --
4 ②
0 3456.
2
--
2
when [cy-axis)
equals-a, thevalues between-2 and -4 4 3
-
- .

only
- . .

are

-
2

④
4*
p(xx1) p(-4-(i) 4a i
-
2(x<1 =
= =
- -
4 i +

= -

6 -

Sony-axis gives us-Youx-axis

12 --
4 16

⑤ 1=fx(1) p(xx13 4
P(1x24) 6
=
=
-
1
=
= =

16
was included before
bec. it

4
⑥x76 P(x46] p2 42443 4 =
--
- = -
=

16

8 x6 =

P(4xxx12]
=
=
12 -
4 =

T
16

⑧ x76-
a

fx(x) = 8 x4 2 -

Es
I x= -

2
I
I 1

x 4 +
-

ax<1
16
1/8
-
x1
16 >
=

L
0
- 1 x 46
2-1
-

I 6
16

- X6 = -
16

Gu(t 2)
x 4
2) 1)] 34( 13
((u(x ux 6] +
+

+
+ n(x + -
u(x - + -
+ -
1) - -

16
a7xk) &8/16
3/16
a

18 Inb
a

L -
- I I 6

↑(0x x x=fx(l) -
fx(0) -

p(x1)
from x graph.
↳ -

=is -

P(x)2] 1
= -

p[xx2] 1 =
-
fx(z)
t
=
 example) a bus arrives to a station at random time I in
[Q,5], with p[t,txt,I
=te-ti,
T
find the
following R.V.S, Find CDF, pdf
for x,y,z.

a)
Sx 0,13 =

!Sx is y-axis values!

DRV
since descrete;
it's

I finding x for x values!

E
IN is number
of
values
fx(x)
24(x2]u(x x)
=
= -

in Sxd p(X 0]=

u(X-0) p(x=
=
0]u(x)

p[0xx- []u(X)
=

I - 0

Xx(x)
x
fxo =

T -
O
Iu(x)
=

112 2
+
1
=

1/2 p(x13n(x 1) P[Xx13u(x 1)

= - =
-

x < S
=
T-

En(x - 1)
T

N fx(l)
ju(x-1)
=

a fx(X)
1/2 a a (x) Gn(x)=
+

tu(x -
1)
x C I
I

Fxx)= ofx(x) 1f(x) tf(x1)! using diff. to find fx(X)!

= +

&x

b)
Ty 1
MEN
=
-

Sy G0,5),[1
=

1+ 133
+
+

fy12) E,P(y x)ny x)

=
=
-

·
yc0 fy(x) p[y 0] 0
= =
-
=
↓no graph when y0!

·
oy> - fy(x) p[07y<y]
=

I as we said a cont. interval (linear Func.), we take

[Y) !
8I (First 2
value
could be
=

·
E(Y[+ - p[0y]=
fy(4): EI
=

any varietie

·
It 1 <y < ++ 1

fy(x) P(0-24-13 y-1

=
=

yyT+ 1 f(x) p[0xx-T] E 1

=
= =
=
·
 fy(x)

E
y <0
a O

I I
T
OLYCE
12
[ I <Y + 1
+ ++ X
Fyxx)
r
* + 1<y<T+ 1

↳ 4) T+

112 1/2 I
~ a -

+1 Tt1

C) Sz 29 It 3
=
Ci

Fzp(zxx]
=

X0-P[zL0]
· 0 fz(X)
=
=

I t z(t) = · o(1tfz(x) p[0xT3

=

T 2Z =

2E
fz(x) =

·
xE
Fz(X) 1 =

afz(x)

-a) ·

xE
(It
-
I

-fz(x)
It
-

C >X
vo It
 the value of K thatmakes
example:find the
following a valid pdf

valid pot means:

etft ① Fx(x) > 0 from condition

-> graph this applies.

②I(x14dx 1

3
=

E area under
graph
Ix(3 1) x=
-
1
1
22k
=

k1 =

Find CDF (fx(x): 2, I

=I
·
= -
1
X
3,0
fx(x)
I fx(x)dx
=

y
-
0 -

y
=

=
-
((x-3)

3
x+

· x[
Fx(x) 0 =

· (x2 X

fx(x) =
I x -
1dx
22 I
=

= -

9x 1
· E(X3
fx(x) = - 1dx +
xx 3)dx
+

· X73
fx(x) 1 =

8 Find P[Ix<2),p[X>2]

zow

↑[x(z) fx(2) xx(1)

= -
-

4X
1] =

↑
(x)2] 1 =
-
fx(8)

-
example:
a fx(x) find K
① such that
ex()
k
on is a valid pdf

2 >x
valid pot means:
2.5 S

W Fx(x)> 0 -> true

③ Find Sx, type ofx

-x14d
5
1
=

Sgt

Sx 9192.51,[2.5,51}
=
M.R.V
! 1dx
I,-
+
28(x-2.5(dr 1
=

③ fx(x) ?? =
SK 0.2 = 1
+

k0.16

27x(x)dx
=

-x(x) =

8 x <0 fx(x) 0
& =

0x8.5
Jkdx xk!
·

fx(x) =
= 41
=

x 2.52.5
!12dx 7,8251-2.51dx
8
=

+ =

=2.5K +
0.241-2.5115

8 2.5X5

-x(x)
Eda+Tasca-zsida+"inds-
=

25 +

· x)5 fx(x) 1=>

=
 &

2.2-5)alfx) -
x) 0 =

-
- second casel
10 (the
fx) x) 0-
=
v L
- 3

fx(0) 1 =

-> o, First case

2
1 -
* 1 -0 1r
=
=

a valid function
fx(xz)) (x(x4)
from graph v
a continues tunc.2

b)foc-D) 0 = -

fx)D =

a conti tunc. -
a
foc((n)> f(x)

d
C)

fold) #1 invalid

C 7
a 24
-