Juarez 1

Melanie Juarez

English 1302-208

Dr. Sharity Nelson

23 February 2023

Breast Cancer Study in the US: An Annotated Bibliography

Appiah, Duke, et al. “A Prospective Population-Based Study of Cardiovascular Disease

Mortality following Treatment for Breast Cancer among Men in the United States,

2000–2019.” Current Oncology, vol. 30, 2023, pp. 284-297. Academic Search

Complete, http://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010023

Male breast cancer is rare, but the mortality rate has been increasing as of lately.

According to Appiah, et al. “Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and understudied cancer that

accounts for about 1% of all breast cancer cases in the United States [1]” (284). The statement

provided by Appiah is correlated to why men's breast cancer mortality has been increasing, due

to lack of acknowledgement. Appiah, et al. states “In 2022, it was estimated that 2710 new cases

and 530 deaths from MBC will occur, representing an increase of 94% and 33%, respectively

from estimates for 2000,” (284). Men with cancer aged, while men with cardiovascular disease

resulted in higher risk, specifically in hispanic men. Men with cancer aged, while men with

cardiovascular disease resulted in higher risk, specifically in hispanic men. Appiah, et al.

provides details about how both affect men and many don’t pay attention to how life threatening

these conditions are. Appiah, et al. showed statistics of different researchers in order to provide

the reader with evidence. Appiah, et al. provides charts/surveys to show how the numbers have

been increasing as of lately. This would fit in the category of men, gender, or race/geography
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due to what the author is claiming. Appiah, et al, includes research about men and how they are

affected, so this source would be inserted under the men category.

Behravan, Hamid., et al. “Predicting breast cancer risk using interacting genetic and

demographic factors and machine learning.” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no.

11044, 2020, pp. 1-14. Academic Search Complete,

http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66907-9.

Women are primarily targets of cancer, so a machine that predicts the percentage

of breast cancer risk genetics from past relatives that had breast cancer has helped

discover the risk of a person. According to Behravan, et al. research on women from

many backgrounds in order to see their percentages and how accurate the machine was.

Behravan, et al. uses the Kuopio Breast Cancer Project (KBCP) database in order to

provide accurate results (3). Behravan, et al. provides a graph of breast cancer risk

prediction. (8). Today's cancer can develop not only by genetics, but many of the intakes

on a daily basis. The AI machine can help a person know where they stand on breast

cancer and if they are living a healthy lifestyle. This topic would go into the women

category, because Behravan, et al. talks about how the AI is beneficial for womens to

know the percentage of risk they run of breast cancer.

Bilan, Nadeem, et al. “Breast Cancer in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Overview.”

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, vol. 2020, 2020, pp. 1-7. Academic Search

Complete, http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6387378

Breast cancer mainly affects women and a study updated by the National Cancer

Database was conducted to see the background of the women. Bilan provides national
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facts and research on women, races and ethnicities of these women are also provided for

a more accurate statement. Bilan, et al. claims, “Most patients were diagnosed at stage I

(42%, n = 1,070,218), followed by stage II (25%, n = 647,845), stage 0 (21%, n =

534,244), stage III (8.6%, n = 220,878), and stage IV (4.0%, n = 102,954) of disease,”

(2). Bilan, et al. states “Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women

worldwide and is second to lung cancer as the biggest cancer-related killer in developed

countries,” (2). Even today women are still most likely to get breast cancer. This source

fits under the women category, because Bilan is talking about the rates of breast cancer in

women.

Carlson, Grant W. MD. “The changing surgical treatment of breast cancer in the United

States: The tipping point.” The Breast Journal Wiley, vol. 26, 2020, pp. 11-16.

Academic Search Complete, DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13725

Surgical management of breast cancer helps to lower the chances for women to

get breast cancer. The National Institution of Health (NIH) does research on every

disease, infection, genetic, health conditions, etc… to inform people about a certain topic

they want to know. Carlson arrived at the main point right away by telling the surgical

removal movement of breast cancer started. Carlson provides the NIH research as

evidence of early detection of breast cancer (11). Carlson states, “It concluded that

segmental mastectomy followed by breast irradiation is appropriate therapy for

early-stage breast cancer,” (11). Reducing the risk and/or development of further stages

of breast cancer. Since breast cancer is mostly genetic and can occur at any moment in a

person's life, it is better to start an early process in order to eliminate the cancer. These
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claims would fit in the medical development, since Carlosn states how surgeries help

reduce the risk and/or the development of breast cancer.

Gastouniot, Aimilia, et al. “External Validation of a Mammography-Derived AI-Based

Risk Model in a U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Cohort of White and Black

Women.” cancers, vol. 14, no. 4803, 2022, pp. 1-12. Academic Search Complete,

http://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194803

Gastouniot, et al. claims that an AI was created in order to help identify

the breast cancer rate of women of different races. Gastouniot, et al. states that,

“The performance of the mammography-derived AI risk model was comparable

to previously reported European validation results; non-significantly different

when comparing White and Black women; and overall, significantly higher than

that of the Gail model” (1). Every person has different roots making every person

have different percentages, also races/ ethnicity are a factor due to the genes it

comes with. Gastouniot, et al. provides statistics in order to show the percentages

the AI was providing (4-8). The AI was tested in various women with different

backgrounds and all had different rates on the probability of breast cancer. This

source will fit in with the category of race/ethnicity, because Gastouniot, et al.

explains how race/ethnicity also has an effect on the probability of cancer.

La Frinere-Sandova, Quynh Nhu (Natasha) B., et al. “Perceived neighborhood social cohesion

and cervical and breast cancer screening utilization among U.S.-born and immigrant

women.” AIMS Public Health, vol. 9, no. 3, 2022, pp. 559–573. Academic Search

Complete, 10.3934/publichealth.2022039
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La Frinere-Sandova, et al. states that non US born women are less likely to get

checked for breast cancer and this healthcare test should be available for everyone. La

Frinere-Sandov, et al. arrived at the main point by investigating individuals on the screen

testing of breast cancer. La Frinere-Sandova, et al. provides statements from the National

Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in order to back up his statement on how non US born

women have less percentage than US born women (561). La Frinere-Sandova, et al.

provides a chart demonstrating how White US women have a higher rate of getting

checked than non US women (560). This is most properly due to White US women

having medical insurance to cover part of the cost of the medical treatment, whereas non

US women don’t. This argument would go into the race/ethnicity subheading, because La

Frinere-Sandova, et al. provides information over how US women are more likely to get

checked than non US born women in the US.

Nelson, Heidi D., et al. “Screening for Breast Cancer: An Update for the U.S. Preventive

Services Task Force.” Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 151, no. 10, 2009, pp.

727-737. Academic Search Complete,

10.7326/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-00009.

Nelson, et al. claims that Mammography screening will help in reducing breast

cancer mortality rates, since people would find out at a time where the cancer is treatable.

Nelson claims that all different countries have found immigrant women to have higher

risk (560). This risk is due to many immigrant women not having medical insurance,

difficulty in payments, and/or afraid to go to get treatment. Nelson, et al. provides

evidence by providing trusted sources like the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

(USPSTF) in order to provide more information on risk of women not getting regularly
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tested (562). By getting regularly tested the chances of breast cancer getting to late stage

cancer decreases, due to always getting results on the test and finding out earlier if it is

detected. This topic would go into medicine/ treatment due to Nelson, et al. providing

information on getting regularly tested and the risk increase of immigrant women.

Northouse, Laurel L., et al. “TA Family-Based Program of Care for Women With

Recurrent Breast Cancer and Their Family Members.” Oncology Nursing Forum,

vol.29, no. 10, 2002, pp. 1411-1419. Academic Search Complete, DOI:

10.1188/02.ONF.1411-1419.

Northouse, et al. provides information about the FOCUS Program (family

involvement, optimistic attitude, coping effectiveness, uncertainty reduction, and

symptom management) in order to help out families that have and are affected by a breast

cancer family member (1411). This program helps not only the person affected by having

breast cancer, but also those around the person. Having a sick family member can have a

toll on any member of the family. This program has helped many family members

navigate breast cancer, and the results have been very positive. Most that enter the

program have come out with high satisfaction. Northouse, et al. provides background of

the program in order to establish what it is and how it has helped (1412). This topic

would go on the impact of cancer due to Northouse, et al. explaining with further details

how cancer affects everyone around and it is not just one person fighting. This topic

would go on the impact of cancer due to Northouse, et al. explaining how family

members are also affected.

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Maxwell, Jessica MD., et al. “The impact of the affordable care act on breast cancer care

in the USA: A multi‐institutional analysis.” The Breast Journal, vol. 25, 2018,

pp. 948-952. Academic Search Complete, DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13373

Patients of breast cancer that have medical insurance are more likely to get treated

before the cancer gets to the late stage tha patients that don't have medical insurance.

Breast cancer patients are most likely screen tested at the late stage of breast cancer due

to not having medical insurance to cover the cost. The US has higher percentages than

other countries in not getting often screen tested due to the amount of money they pay

without medical insurance. Maxwell, et al. states other countries provide this medical

insurance the US does not and this causes for many to be treated at the late stage of

cancer (949). The Affordable Care Act took place and the rates went down as more

people were able to afford the medical treatment of breast cancer. This statement would

fit in the category of how people are impacted by breast cancer, because Maxwell, et al.

argues how medical cost affects a person economically and that the government even

created an act due to the impact of breast cancer.

Shin, Jacob Y., et al. “The Impact of Race in Male Breast Cancer Treatment and Outcome

in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis of 4,279 Patients.” International

Journal of Breast Cancer, vol. 2014, 2014, pp. 1-14. Academic Search Complete,

http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/685842

Shin, et al. claims that studies were done to men of different races to see their

overall survival to the treatments (1). As mentioned before, race/ethnicity has plenty to

do with the risk of breast cancer, due to the genes that come along with race/ethnicity.
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The evidence Shin, et al. provides to prove his point is how the increase in men breast

cancer and the mortality have increased the 25 years of the study (1). Mens breast cancer

goes unacknowledged on a daily basis, since the cancer is rare and is mainly focused on

women. Although there has been research on male breast cancer, not really much is

known as it is barely getting researched. Shin, et al. states that, “In 2014, there will be an

estimated 2,240 new cases of male breast cancer (MBC) in the United States, accounting

for approximately 1% of all breast cancers annually,” (1). Male breast cancer seems to be

increasing, since it is being passed down, and there is not much study to lower the

increase of male breast cancer. This statement can be imputed in the category of men,

since Shin, et al. mentions cases involving mens breast cancer.

Topic breast cancer

Provide an abstract

Subheading- introduction, Impact of cancer

Men and women category (apart or together?)

race/ethnicity/geography category

research/medicine/surgical/machines development