Basics of Radio

Programming & Production

Unit 4: Post-Production and Evaluation
Post Production

The general term for all stages of production happening

between the actual recording in a studio and the completion
of a master recording. It involves sound design, sound
editing, audio mixing, and the addition of effects.
Editing for Radio
Audio editing refers to the practice of arranging all the audible elements
of a program in a logical manner, removing all unnecessary or unpleasant
elements and adding music and sound effects to make the program more
appealing, interesting and coherent.

The purpose of editing can be summarized as:

 To rearrange recorded material into a more logical sequence.
 To remove the uninteresting, repetitive or technically unacceptable.
 To reduce the running time.
 For creative effect to produce new juxtapositions of speech, music,
sound and silence.
Editing Principles

 Editing should induce brevity.

 Editing should not alter the sense of what has been said.

 Silence and pauses are crucial.

 Maintain unity and rhythm.

Editing Tips
 Preview your prerecorded audio carefully and patiently more than once.
 Make a log sheet and note down all important points and precise details
that come to your mind.
 Identify the missing or technically unfit recordings and re-record if needed.
 Decide what is relevant to the purpose of your program and what is not.
 Discard all such portion, however beautiful, which does not contribute to
the theme of your programme.
 Trim filler words and false starts.
 Leave a period of silence before and after the speech.
 Cut on the beginning of a word, rather than at the end of the preceding
word.
 Add crossfades between sound clips.
Adding Sound Effects

The limitation of radio being a blind medium is overcome by replacing visuals

with sound effects. These sounds may be added individually or superimposed
onto a dialogue or speech. They allow the writers for radio to develop a
desired scene, mood and characters. Sound effects in a script are denoted as
SFX.
It should be used judiciously and economically. An overdose can be fatal. Ask
yourself:
 Does the sound help clarify something?
 Does it add to authenticity?
 Does it create mood or enhance it?
 Does it fit in naturally or does it sound forced?
 Finally, remember that silence is a very effective sound-effect.
Types of Sound Effects

 Action Sounds: water drops, walking in or away, closing or opening of

door.

 Ambience Sounds: traffic, crowd, locations, party.

 Mood Sounds: laughter, sigh, shriek, cry.

 Music: to supplement the mood or emotion one wishes to express.

Peppy music for happiness, slow and somber music for sad situations.
Audio Filters: Types, Need and
Importance
Meaning, Types and Importance

Also known as Radio Filters or Radio Frequency (RF) Filters, is a frequency

dependent amplifier circuit, working in the audio frequency range, 0 Hz to
beyond 20 kHz. Audio filters can amplify ("boost"), pass or attenuate ("cut") some
frequency ranges.
RF filters are used with the radio receivers so that only the right kind of
frequencies can be entertained while filtering out other unwanted bands of
frequencies.

Read the rest here:

https://www.shireeninc.com/what-is-an-rf-filter-and-why-is-it-so-important
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_filter
Evaluation
In radio, the process of evaluation can encompass three different
aspects:

1. Program Evaluation: Was it a well-crafted piece of communication?

Did it include all the infotainment requirements? Was the program
interesting to hear? Was it technically correct?

2. Audience Evaluation: How many people heard the program? What is

their demographic and psychographic profile? Was the program well-
received by the intended audience?

3. Cost Evaluation: What did the program cost? Did its production exceed
the budget? Did it generate enough return on investment?