LAB 01

NAME: MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN ABD RAHMAN

STUDENT ID: 2021868564
GROUP: AP2206B
LECTURER NAME: DR NURHANISAH BINTI HASHIM

L05_Q11

Line Symbol Distance Bearing(b) Latitude Departure Sigma Bearing Sigma Distance
P-Q 1 50.258 82° 09' 40" 6.854588 49.78836396 4 0.002
Q-R 2 61.647 170° 47' 20" -60.8521 9.867996531 3 0.003
R-S 3 49.776 277° 25' 30" 6.432467 -49.3586218 3 0.003
S-P 4 48.67 347° 46' 50" 47.56734 -10.3013213 2 0.002

Line Symbol Degree Minute Second Distance Dec.Degree Radian

P-Q 1 82 9 40 50.258 82.16111111 1.433981906
Q-R 2 170 47 20 61.647 170.7888889 2.980828437
R-S 3 277 25 30 49.776 277.425 4.841979677
S-P 4 347 46 50 48.67 347.7805556 6.069915769

Total Latitude: 0.00231665

Total Departure: -0.0035826
Misclosure: 0.0042664

Step 1
Variance Covariance Matrix Observed
0.000004 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 3.7607E-10 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.000009 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2.1154E-10 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.000009 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2.11539E-10 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000004 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.40175E-11

Coefficient Matrix A
0.136388 -49.788364 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.990655497 6.85458813 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -0.98711 -9.8679965 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.160073 -60.852077 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.129228 49.35862178 0 0
0 0 0 0 -0.99161 6.432466988 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.977344121 10.30132134
0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.21165649 47.56733836
 Transpose A
0.136388 0.9906555 0 0 0 0 0 0
-49.788364 6.85458813 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -0.98711 0.16007262 0 0 0 0
0 0 -9.868 -60.852077 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.129228 -0.99161487 0 0
0 0 0 0 49.35862 6.432466988 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.977344121 -0.211656489
0 0 0 0 0 0 10.30132134 47.56733836

Combine all The Matrix

Solve The Matrix
5.45552E-07 -1.872E-08 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.96262E-06 2.5778E-09 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -8.9E-06 -2.087E-09 0 0 0 0
0 0 1.44E-06 -1.287E-08 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1.16E-06 1.04413E-08 0 0
0 0 0 0 -8.9E-06 1.36072E-09 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 3.90938E-06 9.68505E-10
0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4663E-07 4.47216E-09

Solve The Matrix (2)

1.00664E-06 4.1211E-07 0 0 0 0 0 0
4.12109E-07 3.9433E-06 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 8.79E-06 -1.295E-06 0 0 0 0
0 0 -1.3E-06 1.0139E-06 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 6.66E-07 -1.0861E-06 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1.1E-06 8.85845E-06 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 3.83078E-06 -7.81376E-07
0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8138E-07 3.91923E-07

Coefficient A
0.542999394 -0.8397331 0.542999 -0.8397331 0.542999 -0.83973309 0.542999394 -0.839733087

Transpose Coefficient A
0.542999394
-0.83973309
0.542999394
-0.83973309
0.542999394
-0.83973309
0.542999394
-0.83973309
Step 2
Coefficient A x Solve Matrix (2)
2.00543E-07 -3.088E-06 5.86E-06 -1.555E-06 1.27E-06 -8.0285E-06 2.73626E-06 -7.53397E-07

Transpose Coefficient A
1.67411E-05

Estimated Misclosure
0.004091584

Step 3
Estimated Standard Error at 50% Confidence Interval

Probability of 50% Confidence Interval = (1-0.5)/2

= 0.25

Number of Observation = (1) Datum + (4) Bearing + (4) Distance

= (9) Observation

Number of Unknowns = (3) Points for (2) Coordinates

= 6

Degree of Freedom = (9) Number of Observation - (6) Number of Unknown

= 3

t Value = 0.8187

Estimated Error in Traverse Closure at = 0.0033

50%

Step 4
Conclusion: Traverse Blunder

* Actual Misclosure = 0.004

Estimated Error in Traverse Misclosure at = 0.003
50% Confidence Level

* The traverse contain blunder since the actual misclosure exceed the tolerance
estimated traverse misclosure which is 0.004 > 0.003