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Power Measurement
Dynamometer type Wattmeter
Principle:
When a current carrying moving coil is
placed in a magnetic field produced by the
current carrying fixed coil, a mechanical force is
exerted on the coil sides of the moving coil and
deflection takes place.
•Same as PMMC except permanent magnet
is replaced by fixed coils.
• Same current both in fixed coil and moving coil.
•Torque exerted on moving coil α meter
current squared.
• deflection α average torque α average of
the current squared.
• Meter scale easily calibrated to read rms value.
Torque eqn
• D.C. operation : For D.C current of I1 and I2,
• For A.C operation
Advantages
•Can be used on both DC & AC circuits.
•Uniform scale.
•High degree of accuracy can be obtained.
Disadvantages
•At low power factors, the inductances of the
potential coil causes serious errors.
•The reading of the instrument may be affected by
stray fields acting on the moving coil.
Induction Type Energy Meter
Induction Type Energy Meter
Principle
• When AC current flows through two suitably located coils
(current coil & potential coil), they produce rotating magnetic field
which is cut by the metallic disc suspended near to the coils, thus an
e.m.f. is induced in the disc which circulates eddy currents in it.
• By the interaction of rotating magnetic field & eddy currents,
electromagnetic torque is developed which causes the disc to
rotate.
• Shunt Magnet:
• It is placed above the aluminum disc. It produces a field (Φsh) proportional to the
applied voltage. This field is in phase with the current flowing through the
pressure coil, but is in quadrature with the applied voltage.
Moving System
• It consists of a light aluminum disc
mounted on a vertical spindle.
• The disc is positioned in the air gap
between series & shunt magnet.
• The spindle is supported by a cup shaped
jeweled bearing at the bottom end & has a
spring journal bearing at the top end.
• Since there is no control spring, the disc
makes continuous rotation under the action
of deflecting torque.
Braking System:
A permanent magnet positioned near the edge
of the aluminum disc, forms the braking system.
When the disc moves in the field of the braking
magnet, flux is cut & eddy currents are induced in
the disc.
The direction of induced currents is such that it
opposes the rotation, thus braking torque is
produced.
Since the induced currents are proportional to
the speed of disc (N), therefore braking torque (Tb) is
proportional to the disc speed. i.e.
Tb α N
Recording Mechanism: