Booklet 2 (2) Final

MINHAJ UNIVERSITY LAHORE
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Topic ……..
Name of Students Name of Lecturer
Writer Name: Muhammad Abdullah Name: Sir Haroon Sani
Roll No: 018 Subject: Life & Learning-2
Class: Life n Learning
Semester : 2nd Designation: Lecturer
Session: 2022-2026 Institute : Minhaj University Lahore
Department Intro
The Bachelor of Business Administration from Imperial College, Bargarh can feed you with the knowledge and
provide tools you need to succeed. BBA is a three years bachelor’s level degree program that prepares
student’s skills in business, fiancé, economics, marketing, management, and many more, which are required
for any BBA student to succeed in today’s business environment.
School of
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BUSINESS
Faculty of
BUSINESS
HAMDARD CHOWK TOWNSHIP LAHORE
Table of Contents
Book Title :......................................................................................................................................
Chapter-1.........................................................................................................................................
Introduction (What)................................................................................................................7
Definitions..........................................................................................................................7
Synonym/Similar Word (in Urdu/English ).....................................................................7
Types /Elements/Parts of ……...............................................................................................7
Topic Relevant Quotations (in Urdu/English )......................................................................7
Topic relevant Poem/‫( اشعار‬In Urdu/English)........................................................................8
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Story/Anecdote/Tale/ Narrative (Topic Related/In Urdu/English)........................................8
Chapter 2..........................................................................................................................................
Importance/Benefits/Disadvantage of …… (Why)............................................................9
General Perspective............................................................................................................9
Chapter 3........................................................................................................................................
Literature Reviews (5WH-What,Why,When,Where,Who&How)......................................11
1. Quran (2 to 10 References from https://www.irfan-ul-quran.com/english/Search
11
2. Hadith (2 to 10 References from android Mobile app Islam 360
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.islam360&hl=en&gl=US................11
3. Content from Islamic Books..................................................................................11
4. Urdu /English content from Literature /books / Articles......................................11
5. Content from Lectures/Movies/Dramas/Documentaries/Videos/training./ Social
Media/Point of views of different personalities at YouTube..........................................11
Chapter 4........................................................................................................................................
Activities (How)...........................................................................................................................
Reference..............................................................................................................................14
Last Page........................................................................................................................................
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Book Title: Spirituality in Islam
Abstract
This book aims to discuss and analyze the concept of development of Islamic
personality and spirituality. Nowadays, the morality issues are increasing in the
society. Islam is a universal and complete religion which covers the whole
aspects of a person’s life. Development in Islam emphasizes on the integrated
and holistic aspects of development which include the spiritual, physical, life,
afterlife aspects. Islam’s objective of the wellbeing in life and afterlife
emphasizes on the personality formation and education which is done in
proportion and as a whole that do not only include the person’s physical and
spiritual aspects, but also emotional, intellectual and social aspects because the
balance of the spiritual, physical and intellectual aspects is the important
foundation of personality development. Therefore, personality development in
Islam as visualised in the Quran and hadith
Acknowledgment
In Islamic literature, spirituality means awareness of the origin of the universe,
worshiping God, seeking the satisfaction of God, humility, and submission, and
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trust which man demonstrates in all of his actions. In this way, an individual's
relationship with Allah is the focal point of Islamic spirituality
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Chapter-1
Introduction (What)
In Islam the relational quality of spirituality is understood to be a core theme
that comprises beliefs (belief in Allah and His prophets, judgment day, etc.),
rituals, daily living behaviors and knowledge. Similarly, in following the set of
rituals and codes of Islamic religion, an individual is striving to become closer
to Allah and to find personal worth and actualization. The essence of spirituality
in Islam is the degree of spiritual attainment achieved by any human being by
the realization of Tawhid (unity of Allah) as expressed in the Quran, on the
basis of the prophetic model and with the aid of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. Its study is
nothing other than tracing the impact in depth of Tawhid upon the life, actions,
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art, and thought of that segment of the human race, which makes up the Islamic
people or Ummah. In general, the goal of Islamic spirituality is to become
adorned by the Divine Qualities through the attainment of those virtues which
were possessed in their perfection by the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and with the aid of
methods and the grace which issue from him and the Quranic Revelation.
Definitions
1. Spirituality in Islam is defined as the presence of a relationship with Allah
that affects the individual’s self worth, sense of meaning, and connectedness
with others.
2. Spirituality is the elevation of the human condition to a plane on which the
mind is focused on the higher, non-material realities of a godly existence.
3. Spirituality in Islam is more than just a feeling. It is true knowledge of The
Source of the Spirit, sincere pursuit of Him, persistent connection with Him
and commitment to loving Him and remaining on His path until The Day we
meet Him.
Synonym/Similar Word (in Urdu/English )
1. Faith
2. Religiosity
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3. Piousness
4. Wholeness
5. Devoutness
6. Mysticism
Types /Elements/Parts of …….
 Profession of Faith.
The belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the
Messenger of God" is central to Islam. This phrase, written in Arabic, is
often prominently featured in architecture and a range of objects,
including the Qur'an, Islam's holy book of divine revelations. One
becomes a Muslim by reciting this phrase with conviction.
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 Prayer.
Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon,
sunset, and after dark. Prayer includes a recitation of the opening chapter of the
Qur'an, and is sometimes performed on a small rug or mat used expressly for
this purpose. Muslims can pray individually at any location or together in a
mosque, where a leader in prayer guides the congregation. Men gather in the
mosque for the noonday prayer on Friday; women are welcome but not obliged
to participate. After the prayer, a sermon focuses on a passage from the Qur'an,
followed by prayers by the imam and a discussion of a particular religious topic.
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 Alms.
In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of their
income to community members in need. Many rulers and wealthy
Muslims build mosques, drinking fountains, hospitals, schools, and other
institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings associated
with charity.
 Fasting.
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During the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to abstain from food and
drink. Through this temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness of
and gratitude for everything God has provided in their lives including the
Qur'an, which was first revealed during this month. During Ramadan they
share the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of the religious duty to
help those less fortunate.
 Pilgrimage (hajj).
Every Muslim whose health and finances permit it must make at least one
visit to the holy city of Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. The Ka'ba, a
cubical structure covered in black embroidered hangings, is at the center of
the Haram Mosque in Mecca. Muslims believe that it is the house Abraham
built for God, and face in its direction when they pray. Since the time of the
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Prophet Muhammad, believers from all over the world have gathered around
the Ka'ba in Mecca on the eighth and twelfth days of the final month of the
Islamic calendar.
Topic Relevant Quotations (in Urdu/English )
1. The highest goal of Islam is to lead the soul to the 'Abode of Peace' by
guiding us to live a virtuous life and to establish inner harmony with the
help of Heaven.
2. If you put the world between you and God, the world becomes a spiritual
obstacle; if you use the world to remember God, the world becomes your
spiritual friend.
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3. Do not attach yourself to any particular creed exclusively, so that you
may disbelieve all the rest; otherwise, you lose much good, nay, you will
fail to recognize the real truth of the matter. God, the omnipresent and
omnipotent, is not confined to any one creed, for, he says, 'Whosesoever
ye turn, there is the face of Allah.
4. Awakening to faith is not a one-time event, but a continuously unfolding
reality. The journey of faith is not a race, but a marathon of love that
each person walks at a different pace.
5. The Muslim without faith is like a body without spirit.
6. We do not pray, fast, or give charity because Allah needs it, but because
our spirits need to be in the presence of the Divine light to blossom. We
are seeds, we are infinite potential hidden in the garden of a body,
waiting to awaken through the mercy of Allah’s light.
7. We are all born with spiritual wings, Islam simply reminds us how to fly.
8. Experience shows that the spirit is nothing but awareness. Whoever has
greater awareness has greater spirit. When the spirit becomes greater and
passes beyond all bounds, the spirits of all things become obedient to it.
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9. The Sufi is a lover of God, and like any other lover, he proves his love by
constant remembrance of his Beloved. This constant attention to God has
two effects: one outward and the other inward.
10.The lover of God will cry and weep until he finds rest in the Beloved’s
embrace.
Topic relevant Poem/‫( اشعار‬In Urdu/English)
1. Knock, And He'll open the door
Vanish, And He'll make you shine like the sun
Fall, And He'll raise you to the heavens
Become nothing, And He'll turn you into everything.
2. This is how I would die
Into the love I have for you:
As pieces of cloud
Dissolve in sunlight.
3. O soul and stay of every soul, who bestow wings and set the spirits in
motion,
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With you, what fear have we of loss, you who convert all losses to gain?
Alas for the arrows of the glances and the brows curved like bows!
You have sugared the ruby lips of fair idols; you have opened those
mouths in desire.
You who have put a key in our hand and therewith opened the door of the
worlds,
If you be not in the midst of us, then why are those waists close-girdled?
And if yours is not the wine without token, of what are these tokens
testimony?
And if you are beyond our surmise, yet through whom are these surmises
living?
And if you are hidden from our world, from whom do the hidden things
become manifest?
Let go the tales of this world; we have grown a weary of them.
The soul that has fallen into the sugar-sprinkle how should such things be
contained in its heart?
He who has become the earth for your feet, how should he be mindful of
the heavens?
Bind up our tongue with your protection; cast us not forth into the midst
of these tongues.
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Story/Anecdote/Tale/ Narrative (Topic Related/In Urdu/English)
Yusuf ibn Horace remembers Allah’s forgiveness to return the
strength of Iman
“I converted to Islam when I was 16 years old. In high school, I had a couple of
Muslim friends and was able to keep up with my prayers and go to the masjid a
lot to learn. But when I graduated and joined the military, my faith took a
nosedive.
I didn’t have any Muslims around and eventually I stopped praying. When I got
out of the Navy, I was so depressed from the lack of faith that I started drinking
and doing drugs just to ignore the horrible guilt I felt from being far from Allah
and Islam.
Then something switched in my brain, and I knew I had to stop doing this
haram stuff. I had to get back to Islam and become closer to Allah. I repented
and tried to pray here and there. But things kept happening in my life to get me
off track. My non-Muslim friends kept pulling me back to the drugs and other
haram things.
I felt so terrible, but I kept repenting to Allah. And I never gave up on Allah’s
mercy. I never gave up trying to repent. So, I finally made a resolution to make
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hijrah to a place far away from the bad influences of my friends in hopes to get
back on track.
About half way from my old home to my new home, I felt a darkness leave me.
I reached my new home and began to pray on time every prayer, read the
Quran, and learn Arabic.
My faith skyrocketed. And peace finally came back into my heart. In the 15
years since that hijrah, I have never missed a prayer and I have never done
drugs or alcohol again.
Now, anytime I feel my faith dropping, I remember Allah’s mercy.”
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Chapter 2
Importance/Benefits/Disadvantage of …… (Why)
General Perspective
 Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah.
 The five pillars of Islam are Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj.
 Islam encourages human personality to be developed through absorbing
accurate and useful knowledge, that is to say, a personality should be
developed through acquiring knowledge.
 Human character and conduct which is guided by soul always stands in
need of formative training.
 Islam requires and demands moderation and naturalness in all aspect of
life.
 Islam does not approve the use of force in the propagation of religion.
 Scientific, technological and social progress shall not result in man
waxing proud and thereby disregarding his Creator.
 Death is only the end of the period of man's struggle and Endeavour.
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 Paradise is the eternal home of the blessed and the blissful and of peace, a
home which the righteous have prepared for themselves during their
lifetime by honesty and sincerity and God pleasing endeavor.
Special Perspective
# Importance /Benefits Detail
in Dimensions/Perspectives
1 Intellectual Spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective
Importance Perspective explains the capacity to realize the presence of
‫ اہمیت‬Y‫علمی و فکری‬ relationship between a Muslim and Allah (SWT).
In addition, spiritual intelligence from an Islamic
perspective fosters transcendent consciousness
towards Almighty Allah (SWT), which is also
called Taqwa.
2 Scientific Search of truth is the method of Islam and,
Importance Perspective therefore, pursuit of scientific knowledge
strengthens the faith of the believer. The quest of

‫اہمیت سائنسی‬
knowledge, creativity and innovation has a
sanction of the Holy Quran and is extolled by the
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Holy Prophet.
3 Ethical, Moral and Social Islam encourages all its adherents to live and
Importance Perspective behave based on Islamic ethical code of conducts
‫اخالقی و سماجی اہمیت‬ and refrain from immoral conducts such as
cheating, corruption, discrimination, lying,
stealing, murder, assault, slander, rape, and fraud,
and enjoins the virtues of honesty, compassion,
sincerity, and loyalty.
4 Islamic Islamic spirituality strengthens human beings to
Importance Perspective reach the level of spirit in order to have not only
‫اسالمی اہمیت‬ knowledge-based faith in these principles of
Islam, but also experience-based faith.
5 Financial ,Welfare& The Islamic financial system is founded on the
Service Importance absolute prohibition of the payment or receipt of
Perspective any predetermined, guaranteed rate of return. This
closes the door to the concept of interest and

‫معاشی و فالحی اہمیت‬
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precludes the use of debt-based instruments.
6- Organizational , Job and Workplace spirituality includes many aspects like
Industrial Perspective meaningful work, sense of community, and
organizational value. Workplace spirituality is

‫تنظیمی اہمیت‬
intended to interconnect past experiences and
develop trust among employees in a way that
would lead the organization into a better and
productive environment.
7 National Perspective According to Islam, every citizen must abide by
the law of the land. Unity is the greatest strength
of a nation. Islam gives utmost importance to

‫ اہمیت‬Y‫قومی‬
unity. It believes that unity must prevail in spite
of differences and diversity. Taking life with a
positive mindset, we can find guidance in Islam
for nation-building.
8 International Perspective Islam is international in its outlook and approach
and does not admit barriers and distinctions based

‫ اہمیت‬Y‫بین االقوامی‬
on color, clan, blood, or territory, as was the case
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before the advent of Muhammad. Unfortunately,
these prejudices remain rampant in different
forms even in this modern age. Islam wants to
unite the entire human race under one banner. To
a world torn by national rivalries and feuds, it
presents a message of life and hope and of a
glorious future.
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Chapter 3
Related Literature Reviews (Select One Book in perspective of
5WH-What,Why,When,Where,Who&How)
Secrets of Divine Love: A Spiritual Journey into the Heart of
Islam By A. Helwa
In a precise and precious introduction, A. Helwa explains that she wrote this
lovely and lyrical paean of praise to Allah especially for those with a "longing
heart." She guides us through the Divine mysteries and practical exercises that
"inspire love, strengthen faith and increase reliance on and intimacy with God."
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Near the end of this honest introduction, Helwa confesses, "I am not a writer. I
am a dreamer and lover of God. These words found their place on the page
because God wrote it to be that way." Whether written by Helwa or God, this
spiritual journey into the heart of Islam chimes in our minds, bodies, and souls
long after we have pondered its fetching portrait of unconditional love and
mercy.
Drawing on the words of the Holy Qur'an, the life-giving sayings of the Prophet
Muhammad, and the writings of Islamic scholars and mystic poets, Helwa
challenges us to connect with these treasures of Islam and the mighty mission to
transform the world. She often trains our attention on the wisdom of the Sufi
Rumi, who never fails to open our hearts. Here are just four examples:
"God sends hope in the most desperate moments. Don't forget, the heaviest rain
comes out of the darkest clouds."
"Each moment contains a hundred messages from God. To every cry of, 'Oh
God,' He answers a hundred times, 'I am here.' "
"The language of God is silence, all else is a poor translation."
"Nothing I say can explain to you divine love, yet all of creation cannot seem to
stop talking it."
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Helwa covers key Islamic understandings of Allah, who we are, the message of
the Qur'an, repentance and return, and the ecstasy of oneness. She does a fine
job explaining the importance of Salat (five-times-a-day prayer) as a means of
tuning into Divine Love. She defines prayer as "swimming in the current of
God's generosity and immersing every atom of our souls in gratitude for the
blessing of being given another day to serve God's will on Earth." In sturdy
chapters on Zakat: Giving as an Instrument of God; Ramadan, the Holy Month
of Fasting; and Hajj: A Pilgrimage to God, Helwa presents these traditional
pillars of Islam as poignant ways in which Muslims affirm to the world the
Oneness of God.
There is so much wisdom creatively presented here that it is hard to capture the
sweep and sweetness of this volume. Given our interest in spiritual practices, we
especially appreciated the reflections at the end of each chapter designed to help
us apply the teachings in our daily lives. Helwa explains: "These sections felt
important to include because the Qur'an describes the acquiring of knowledge
without internalizing that wisdom and putting it into practice like that of 'a
donkey carrying books' (62:5)"
Hewla ends Secrets of Divine Love with this reminder:
"Allah is waiting for you. Return to His ocean of love and let Him embrace you
with the healing waves of His endless mercy."

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1. Quran (2 to 10 References from https://www.irfan-ul-
quran.com/english/Search
Signs for Those Who Use Their Intelligence
Truly, in the creation of the heavens and of the earth, and the succession of
night and day: and in the ships that speed through the sea with what is useful to
man: and in the waters which God sends down from the sky, giving life thereby
to the earth after it had been lifeless, and causing all manner of living creatures
to multiply thereon: and in the change of the winds, and the clouds that run their
appointed courses between sky and earth: these are messages indeed for people
who use their intelligence. [ Surah al-Baqarah 2:164]
Signs of Nature
Truly, God is the One Who splits the grain and the kernel apart, bringing forth
the living from the dead, and He is the One Who brings forth the dead out of
that which is alive. This then, is God: how then can you be so deluded? He is
the One Who causes the dawn to break, and Who has made the night to be a
source of stillness, and the sun and the moon for reckoning by the order of the
Almighty, the All-knowing. And He it is Who has made the stars for you so that
you might be guided by them through the darkness’s of land and sea: clearly
have We detailed Our signs for people of inner knowing. And He it is Who has
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brought you all into being out of a single soul, and so designated for each of you
a time-limit on earth and a resting-place after death: clearly have We detailed
Our signs for people who can grasp the truth. It is He Who sends down rain
from the skies: with it We produce vegetation of all kinds. From some We
produce green crops, out of which We produce grain, heaped up. Out of the date
palm and its sheaths, clusters of dates hanging low and near. And gardens of
grapes, and olives, and pomegranates, each similar in kind yet different in
variety: when they begin to bear fruit, feast your eye with the fruit, and the
ripeness thereof. Behold! In these things there are signs for people who keep the
faith. [ Surah al-Anaam 6:95-99]
God is Subtle
No vision can encompass Him, but He encompasses all human vision: for He
alone is Subtle Beyond Comprehension, All-Aware. Means of insight have now
come to you from your Sustainer through this divine Message. Whoever, then,
chooses to see, does so for the benefit of His own soul; and whoever chooses to
remain blind, does so to His own harm. [ Surah al-Anaam 6:102-104]
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2. Hadith (2 to 10 References from android Mobile app Islam
360 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.islam360&hl=en&gl=US
 Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Messenger (‫ )ﷺ‬said: Islam is based on (the
following) five (principles):
1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and
Muhammad is Allah's Messenger (‫)ﷺ‬.
2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and
perfectly.
3. To pay Zakat (i.e., obligatory charity).
4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca)
5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.
 Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Messenger (‫ )ﷺ‬said:
"I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they
testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that
Muhammad is Allah's Messenger (‫)ﷺ‬, and offer the prayers perfectly
and give the obligatory charity, so if they perform that, then they save
their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their
reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah."
 Narrated Anas: Thee Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said:
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“None of you will have faith till he loves me more than his father, his
children and all mankind."
3. Content from Islamic Books (Secrets of Divine Love and Reclaim
your Heart)
 Awakening to faith is not a one-time event, but a continuously unfolding
reality. The journey of faith is not a race, but a marathon of love that each
person walks at a different pace.
 God does not love you just because of who you are; He loves you because
love is who He is. So never stop praying. Even when the pain is too much
to bear, even when you have broken a thousand promises, even if all that
comes out is a silent whisper that only God can hear. No matter what
storms you are facing, no matter how bad you mess up, no matter how
painful life becomes, the door to prayer is always open for you. After all,
as Imam Ali said, “When the world pushes you to your knees, you’re in
the perfect position to pray.
 As long as your heart is beating, you have a purpose. God is intentional,
so He does not keep anyone on Earth that doesn’t have to be here; if we
are blessed with more life, it is because someone in the world needs us. If
we are alive, it means that what we were sent to this Earth to create has
not yet been accomplished.
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 Time of difficulty test our faith, our fortitude and our strength. During
these times, the level of our imaan becomes manifest
 We need to put our full hope, trust, and dependency on God, and God
alone. And if we do that, we will learn what it means to finally find peace
and stability of heart. Only then will the roller coaster that once defined
our lives finally come to an end. That is because if our inner state is
dependent on something that is by definition inconstant, that inner state
will also be inconstant. If our inner state is dependent on something
changing and temporary, that inner state will be in a constant state of
instability, agitation, and unrest. This means that one moment we’re
happy, but as soon as that which our happiness depended upon changes,
our happiness also changes. And we become sad. We remain always
swinging from one extreme to another and not realizing why.
4. Urdu /English content from Literature / Books / Articles
https://scholar.google.com
 There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
 When you strive in the way of the Almighty, you don't worry about being
accepted or having the approval of others. You know your priority.
 When you forget that you need Allah (God), He puts you in a situation
that causes you to call upon Him. And that’s for your own good.
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 Whoever fears Allah (God), Allah (God) will find a way out for him
(from every difficulty) and He will provide for him from sources that he
could never have imagined.
5. Content from
Lectures/Movies/Dramas/Documentaries/Videos/training/soc
ial media/Point of views of different personalities at
YouTube
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6. Share 10 to 30 pictures to your topic relevant from
https://www.pinterest.com/ Or google
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Chapter 4
Activities (How)
Strategies to develop /eradicate Skill
Activity 1: Get to know Allah SWT
The Prophet PBUH said: “Allah the Almighty said: I am as My servant thinks I
am. I am with him when he mentions Me. If he mentions Me to himself, I
mention him to Myself; and if he mentions Me in an assembly, I mention him in
an assembly greater than it. If he draws near to Me a hand’s length, I draw near
to him an arm’s length. And if he comes to Me walking, I go to him at speed.”
[Sahih Muslim]
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Activity 2: Firmly hope for His Mercy
Allah SWT is not looking for a reason to punish, reject or push us away. He is
there for us when no one else is and is looking for reasons to accept us. His
Names teach us that He is Merciful, The Source of love (Al-Wadud) and The
Source of peace (As-Salaam).
Activity 3: Performing prayer
The Messenger PBUH said: “The example of the five (daily) prayers is like that
of a clear-water river flowing in front of your houses in which a person washes
himself five times a day cleansing him from all dirt.”
Activity 4: Reading and pondering over the Qur’an
“Those who have believed and whose hearts are assured by the remembrance of
Allah SWT. Unquestionably, by the remembrance of Allah SWT hearts are
assured.” [Qur’an: Chapter 13, Verse 28]
Activity 5: Surround yourself with people that remind you of
Allah SWT
The Messenger PBUH said: “The likeness of a righteous friend and an evil
friend, is the likeness of a (musk) perfume seller and a blacksmith. As for the
perfume seller, he may either bestow something on you, or you may purchase
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something from him, or you may benefit from his sweet smell. And as for the
blacksmith, he may either burn your clothes, or you may be exposed to his
awful smell.” [Sahih al-Bukhari]
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The Role of Spirituality in Emotional and Mental WellBeing
1. 1 Positive Psychology represents a movement within psychology
recognizing the need to move beyond abnormal psychology (mental
illness). It focuses on strengths and virtues rather than disorders and
pathology. It was founded by Martin Seligman, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
and Christopher Peterson in the year 2000.
2. 2 Snyder C., Lopez S.J., & Pedrotti, J.T. (2010). Positive psychology: The
scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Sage
Publications. 2nd Edition.
3. 3 Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2010). A systematic review of neurobiological
and clinical features of mindfulness meditations. Psychological Medicine,
40(8), 1239-1252. 3 | Islamic Spirituality and Mental Well-Being
Ibn Ḥazm (d. 456 AH), the famous Andalusian scholar of Islām said, “I searched
for a common goal amongst humankind, to which all would agree to strive for
excellence. I have not found anything other than the vanquishing of anxiety
[hamm].”
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4. The pursuit of emotional balance and the dissipation of anxiety is indeed
universal and continues until today. Despite the immense scientific
progress and medical advancements that have been achieved in the last
few centuries, there seems to be a decline in mental health. Rates of
depression have dramatically increased between 1988 to 2008 in the
United States.
5. It has been found that the use of antidepressants in the population rose
400 percent within this time frame.
6. The rate of suicide tripled in the young (ages 15-24) between 1950 and
2000.
7. For the middle-aged population, rates of suicide have increased 40
percent from 1999 to 2016.
8. Perhaps surprisingly, suicide rates are much higher in wealthier nations
than in poorer countries.
9. A cross-cultural study involving 132 countries and close to 140,000
people found that, although there were higher rates of reported
happiness in wealthier regions, there were much lower rates of
perceived meaning in life compared to poorer countries.
10. People in poorer countries like Niger and Togo reported some of the
highest rates of meaning but also the lowest rate of happiness.

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11. This suggests that happiness does not explain the disparity in suicide
rates rates.
12. A key factor that could explain the variance between countries was the
ability of the population to achieve meaning and purpose in life
13. 4 Ibn Ḥazm. Akhlāq wa as-Sīr, p. 76. 5 Smith, E.E. The power of meaning,
p. 22. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10 Oishi, S., & Diener E. (2013).
Residents of poor nations have a greater sense of meaning in life than
residents of wealthy nations. Psychological Science, 25, 422-430. 11 Ibid.
12 Ibid. 13 Ibid. 4 | Islamic Spirituality and Mental Well-Being
Abstracting meaning from the world is one of the core features of
spirituality
14. Thus, these studies point to the tremendous value spirituality brings to
regulating emotional imbalance. Developing one’s spirituality is more
important than financial achievements. People often believe that
transient states of happiness obtained through entertainment, wealth
and possessions will enable them to escape their hamm (anxiety). Ibn
Ḥazm comments, “When you think very deeply about all the affairs [of
this world], you will be at a loss. Your contemplation will inevitably lead
to the understanding that everything in this worldly life is temporary.
Thus, one must recognize that true purpose lies in only working for the
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hereafter [which is eternal]. This is because at the end of all your dreams
and aspirations in this world is the eventuality of ḥuzn [grief] – Either
your ambitions are taken away from you, or you are forced to give up
your goals [both pathways will lead to grief]. There is no escape from
these two ends except in striving towards God. In this case, a person
achieves happiness in this life and for eternity. Their hamm is a lot less
compared to the hamm of humankind. They are respected by friend and
foe alike and as for their eternity, then it is paradise.”
15. Ibn Ḥazm points out that the temporal nature of this world will
inevitably lead a person into an existential crisis. Seeking meaning is our
way out of the abyss. It is a spiritual endeavor that centers around
discovering what makes our life worth living. Spiritual intelligence and
the ability to process life events Some people tend to think about mental
illness and emotional states in purely biological terms. While it is true
that there are biological components to our emotions and our mind,
they are not the only components. Modern psychology has recognized
that a core aspect of the human mind involves spirituality. In fact, Dr.
Robert Emmons, a leading researcher in the psychology of spirituality,
proposed that spirituality should be thought of as a separate type of
human intelligence
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16.. Spiritual intelligence is essentially the 14 Emmons, R.A. (2000). Is
spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of
ultimate concern. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion,
10(1), 3-26. 15 Ibn Ḥazm. Akhlāq wa as-Sīr, p. 75. 16 Emmons, op cit., pp.
3-26. 5 | Islamic Spirituality and Mental Well-Being ability of a person to
process the world around them and discover meaning and significance.
In the Islāmic tradition, this process involves contemplating the ayaat
(signs) of God that exist in the world and extracting knowledge to inform
us on how to act, think and feel. For example, when a person witnesses
the change in trees during the season of fall, he sees it as an ayah from
God. Perhaps it reminds them of the temporal nature of this world,
inspiring them to strive for loftier aims in life. Or perhaps the different
colors inspire them to recognize the beauty of the diversity of
humankind. When a person with high spiritual intelligence goes through
life, his mind is constantly abstracting positive meaning and significance
from the events that unfold around him. This fuels positive spiritual
states such as inspiration, optimism, gratitude and perseverance. People
with lower levels of spiritual intelligence will either abstract false
meanings from the world around them or fail to recognize the ayaat of
God altogether. This will fuel states such as anger, jealousy, arrogance
43 | P a g e
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and conceit. The Qurān provides us with an excellent example of this
reality through the story of the man with two gardens. After describing
the beautiful nature of these gardens, The Qurān quotes the false
notions this man abstracted from it due to his poor spiritual intelligence:
“He said, ‘I do not think this will ever end. And I do not think that the
hour will be established, and even if I am returned to My Lord then I will
find in with Him an even better placing.’”
17. As the years in the garden passed, this man failed to recognize the ayaat
of God manifested in the changing of seasons and the continuous cycle
of death and rebirth. This should have directed him to realize the
temporal nature of his own life and the fragility of what he possessed.
Furthermore, the cycle of death and rebirth should have been an ayah of
the reality of the hereafter. The righteous companion of this man who
had a high level of spiritual intelligence explains what should have been
abstracted from these ayaat, “And why didn’t you say when you entered
your garden, ‘[This is] What God Wills and there is not capability except
through God.’”
18. 17 Qurān, 18:35. 18 Ibid, 18:39. 6 | Islamic Spirituality and Mental Well-
Being In the fields of clinical psychology and psychiatry, many
practitioners are also starting to recognize the role of spirituality as an

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essential part of both prevention and treatment for mental illness. In a
paper in the Medical Journal of Family Practice, the author concludes,
“…When appropriate, spiritual issues should be addressed in patient
care since they may have a positive impact on health and behaviour, and
recommend that the medical model be expanded to a biopsychosocial-
spiritual one.
19. A systematic review of multiple studies (which represents one of the
highest levels of clinical evidence)
20. showed that increased levels of spirituality and religiosity in
adolescence correlated with better mental health.
21. As we can see, spirituality and the quest for meaning appear to be very
important in providing optimal mental healthcare. [ Spiritual stations
and strengths also have very strong protective and therapeutic
properties. Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 751 AH) explains, “The past can never be
changed or corrected with sadness [ḥuzn], but rather with contentment
[riḍā], gratitude [ḥamd], patience [ṣabr], a firm belief in destiny [imān bil
qadar] and the verbal recognition that everything occurs by the Decree
of God [qaddarAllāhu wa mā shā wa fa’l].
22. There is a very large body of literature in the field of positive psychology
that correlates self-regulation and gratitude with lower incidence of

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mental illness. Self-regulation is the will power that enables people to
act in accordance with their values and long term benefit despite costs
to energy or short term pleasure.
23. This construct seems to be represented in the Islāmic spiritual tradition
as ṣabr. Ibn al-Qayyim mentions that linguistically ṣabr has three
connotations: (1) restraining, (2) strength and (3) building.24 He explains
that ṣabr is the strength of will that enables people to act in ways that
brings them benefit.25 19 McKee, D.D., & Chappel, J.N. (1992).
Spirituality and medical practice. Journal of Family Practice, 35, 201-205.
20 Guyatt, G. H., Mills, E. J., & Elbourne, D.(2008). In the era of
systematic reviews, does the size of an individual trial still matter? PLoS
Med, 5(1): e4. 21 Wong, Y. J., Rew, L., & Slaikeu, K. D. (2006). A
systematic review of recent research on adolescent
religiosity/spirituality and mental health. Issues in Mental Health
Nursing, 27(2), 161-183. 22 Ibn al-Qayyim, Zād al-M’aād, vol 2. p. 325. 23
Baumeister, R.F., & Vohs, K.D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion and
motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 115-128
24. Ibn al-Qayyim, Iddat as-Sabireen wa Dakheerat ash-Shakireen, p. 35.
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25. Ibid, p. 49. 7 | Islamic Spirituality and Mental Well-Being This concept of
self-regulation is so significant that Dr. Timothy J. Strauman has
proposed that clinical depression is actually a disorder of self-regulation.
26.Regarding gratitude (shukr), a study was done correlating gratitude with
many different measures of subjective well-being and demonstrated an
inverse relationship with several unpleasant states. It showed the
strongest negative relationship with depression.
27. Spirituality is an important component in the healing and protection of
the mind. The Islāmic spiritual tradition contains a wide variety of
practices and beliefs that can be analyzed for therapeutic benefit. Rather
than presenting a comprehensive overview, we have elected to focus on
one prescribed practice for anxiety and depressive symptoms: a specific
duaā (prayer) designed to ward off anxiety and depression.
Reference
A Hewla, Secrets of Divine Love: A Spiritual Journey into the Heart of Islam
Yasmin Mogahed, Reclaim your Heart
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, Spirituality in Islam
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https://spiritofislam.co.
https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com
https://www.abuaminaelias.com
https://sufism.org
https://www.bloomsburycollections.com
https://link.springer.com
https://islamicspirituality.org/
https://www.emerald.com/
https://aboutislam.net
https://www.tandfonline.com
https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com
https://www.freepik.com
https://www.gettyimages.com
https://unsplash.com
https://www.facebook.com/umeraahmedofficial?mibextid=ZbWKwL
https://youtu.be/gOH7-AdTeMQ
https://youtu.be/hdZVVG_2XPI
https://youtu.be/f1tbFyks0vY
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MINHAJ UNIVERSITY LAHORE

Name of Students Name of Lecturer

Writer Name: Muhammad Abdullah Name: Sir Haroon Sani

Roll No: 018 Subject: Life & Learning-2

Class: Life n Learning

Semester : 2nd Designation: Lecturer

Session: 2022-2026 Institute : Minhaj University Lahore

for any BBA student to succeed in today’s business environment.

MINHAJ UNIVERSITY LAHORE

HAMDARD CHOWK TOWNSHIP LAHORE

Book Title :......................................................................................................................................

Synonym/Similar Word (in Urdu/English ).....................................................................7

Types /Elements/Parts of ……...............................................................................................7

Topic Relevant Quotations (in Urdu/English )......................................................................7

Topic relevant Poem/‫( اشعار‬In Urdu/English)........................................................................8

Story/Anecdote/Tale/ Narrative (Topic Related/In Urdu/English)........................................8

Literature Reviews (5WH-What,Why,When,Where,Who&How)......................................11

1. Quran (2 to 10 References from https://www.irfan-ul-quran.com/english/Search

2. Hadith (2 to 10 References from android Mobile app Islam 360

3. Content from Islamic Books..................................................................................11

4. Urdu /English content from Literature /books / Articles......................................11

5. Content from Lectures/Movies/Dramas/Documentaries/Videos/training./ Social

Media/Point of views of different personalities at YouTube..........................................11

Book Title: Spirituality in Islam

aspects of a person’s life. Development in Islam emphasizes on the integrated

afterlife aspects. Islam’s objective of the wellbeing in life and afterlife

emphasizes on the personality formation and education which is done in

balance of the spiritual, physical and intellectual aspects is the important

foundation of personality development. Therefore, personality development in

Islam as visualised in the Quran and hadith

In Islamic literature, spirituality means awareness of the origin of the universe,

relationship with Allah is the focal point of Islamic spirituality

In Islam the relational quality of spirituality is understood to be a core theme

rituals and codes of Islamic religion, an individual is striving to become closer

in Islam is the degree of spiritual attainment achieved by any human being by

the realization of Tawhid (unity of Allah) as expressed in the Quran, on the

people or Ummah. In general, the goal of Islamic spirituality is to become

1. Spirituality in Islam is defined as the presence of a relationship with Allah

2. Spirituality is the elevation of the human condition to a plane on which the

mind is focused on the higher, non-material realities of a godly existence.

3. Spirituality in Islam is more than just a feeling. It is true knowledge of The

Synonym/Similar Word (in Urdu/English )

Types /Elements/Parts of …….

Messenger of God" is central to Islam. This phrase, written in Arabic, is

often prominently featured in architecture and a range of objects,

including the Qur'an, Islam's holy book of divine revelations. One

becomes a Muslim by reciting this phrase with conviction.

this purpose. Muslims can pray individually at any location or together in a

followed by prayers by the imam and a discussion of a particular religious topic.

In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of their

income to community members in need. Many rulers and wealthy

Muslims build mosques, drinking fountains, hospitals, schools, and other

institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings associated

drink. Through this temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness of

help those less fortunate.

cubical structure covered in black embroidered hangings, is at the center of

Topic Relevant Quotations (in Urdu/English )

3. Do not attach yourself to any particular creed exclusively, so that you

omnipotent, is not confined to any one creed, for, he says, 'Whosesoever

ye turn, there is the face of Allah.

4. Awakening to faith is not a one-time event, but a continuously unfolding

each person walks at a different pace.

5. The Muslim without faith is like a body without spirit.