Khvav

Khvav Project
Cambodia– A Very Large Epithermal System

Private & Confidential

High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas
This is collection of images of vuggy silica, from various high-
sulphidation systems around the world. These have not been
adequately attributed - If you can identify the source please advise.

Contributions of images and descriptions will be gratefully

appreciated and fully attributed.
John C. Menzies
Continental Copper
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

South America
• Casale – Chile
• Alturas – Chile
• Salares Norte – Northern Chile
• Veladero – Argentina
• El Indio – Chile
• La Coipa – Chile
• Atlas – Chile
• Pierina - Peru
Casale, Chile
Siliceous Faults, Casale

Bladed Barite

Casale, Chile Photo Credit: Doug Menzies

Caspiche, Chile

Caspiche, Chile Photo Credit: Doug Menzies

Alturas - Chile
Alturas - Chile
Salares Norte
Valadero - Argentina
El Indio - Chile
Massive sulphide with tetrahedrite - OR.908, Massive sulphide with enargite,
El Indio, Chile
La Coipa
Atlas - Chile

Atlas gold project Chile

Pierina - Peru

Unoxidized pumice-tuff altered by vuggy silica. Vugs (black) record the locations of leached
pumice fragments. Dark areas indicate fine-grained Stage I pyrite intergrown with quartz. Native
sulfur (S) occurs locally in vugs

Rainbow, A et al., The Pierina epithermal Au-Ag deposit, Chemical Geology, 2005
Argentina & Chile
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

Asia - Australia
• Wafi Golpu – Papua New Guinea
• Peak Hill – Australia
• Khvav – Cambodia
• Miwah – Indonesia
• Tujuh Burkit – Indonesia
• Chinkuashih – Taiwan
• Iwato Arabira - Japan
• Tampakan – Philippines
• Martabe – Sumatra , Indonesia
• Alas, Sumatra, Indonesia
Vuggy Silica, Wafi Golpu PNG The Wafi gold deposits and the related Golpu porphyry copper-gold deposit around 1
km to the north-east, are both parts of a complex hydrothermal system comprising
porphyry, as well as high and low sulphidation Cu-Au mineralisation, often with
overprinting alteration relationships. These deposits fall within the Morobe Goldfield in
Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea, approximately 60 km south-west of the port of
Lae and 70 km NNW of the Hidden Valley project. (#Location: 6° 53'S, 146° 27'E).
The mineralised system is reflected at surface by a zone of disseminated pyrite
surrounding areas of higher gold content within an advanced argillic, quartz-alunite
lithocap. Mineralisation and alteration are associated with a Miocene to Pliocene
intrusive complex whose influence is spread over an area of 9 sq. km, centred on the
Miocene Golpu diorite to dacite porphyry plug and a late stage overprinting diatreme
breccia.

The 800 x 400 m maar-diatreme breccia pipe has steep-dipping margins and comprises
a polymictic milled matrix breccia. Several phases of xenolith bearing Wafi dacite
porphyry intrusions cut the milled matrix breccia about the pipe margins, as possible
endogenous domes. The late-mineral Heking Andesite cuts the dacite porphyry.
Potassic alteration within the concealed Golpu diorite porphyry has been dated at 14 Ma
and is cut by the diatreme breccia, which is inferred to be associated with the later
intrusion event leading to the epithermal gold mineralisation, dated of 13 Ma from alunite
within the high sulphidation alteration

Reserves and resources at the end of August were (Newcrest Mining ASX Release, 29
August, 2012):
• Indicated Resource - 810 Mt @ 0.92% Cu, 0.64 g/t Au, 1.1 g/t Ag;
• Inferred Resource - 190 Mt @ 0.80% Cu, 0.61 g/t Au, 1.0 g/t Ag;
• TOTAL Resource - 1000 Mt @ 0.90% Cu, 0.63 g/t Au, 1.1 g/t Ag;
• Probable Reserve - 450 Mt @ 1.2% Cu, 0.86 g/t Au, 1.4 g/t Ag.

Credit: Port Geoscience

Vuggy Silica with Covellite, Wafi Golpu PNG Photo Credit: Doug Menzies
Vuggy Silica, Wafi Golpu PNG

Vuggy Silica, Wafi Golpu PNG Photo Credit: Doug Menzies

Peak Hill Gold Mine, NSW

Residual silica – Peak Hill Gold Mine, NSW Photo Credit: Doug Menzies
Khvav
Khvav Project
Cambodia– A Very Large Epithermal System

Private & Confidential

Khvav
Khvav Project
Cambodia– A Very Large Epithermal System

Massive High-Sulphidation vuggy silica at

The Cliffs and The Hills prospects

Private & Confidential

The Cliffs
Khvav Prospect – A Massive vuggy silica edifice >2 km long
Cambodia

Private & Confidential

Khvav Cambodia

Vuggy silica breccia with infill of black tourmaline

Vuggy silica clasts in a diatreme breccia
Khvav Cambodia
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia

https://www.flickr.com/photos/160585941@N05/albums/72157705116359054
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia
Vuggy silica altered
diatreme breccia, 1-2
g/t Au, Pit B

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia

Silicified apron facies tuff with some layers preferentially altered with vuggy silica, Pit B East
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia

High grade 2-5 g/t Au vuggy silica from Pit A

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia

High grade 2-5 g/t Au vuggy silica from Pit A

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

Tujuh Bukit - Indonesia

Vuggy Silica with bornite and alunite, Zone A high grade pit
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Miwah - Indonesia
Miwah - Indonesia
Miwah - Indonesia
Miwah - Indonesia

Low density and partially oxidized

vuggy silica with grooves partially
filled with goethite.

Miwah
Early vuggy silica with heterolithic
relicts of single crystals

Mulja, T., Heriawan, M., Supomo, Boby., The Miwah high sulphidation Au-Ag Deposit, Ore Geology Reviews, 123, 202
Miwah - Indonesia

Massive silica resulting from late

silicification of vuggy silica (29 ppm
Au)

Mulja, T., Heriawan, M., Supomo, Boby., The Miwah high sulphidation Au-Ag Deposit, Ore Geology Reviews, 123, 202
Tampakan - Philippines

Vuggy silica with enargite-digenite in vugs, Tampakan Cu-Au Porphyry, Cotabato,

Mindanao

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin

Tampakan - Philippines

Vuggy clay-silica altered andesite, Tampakan Cu-Au PCD lithocap

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Tampakan - Philippines

“Gusano” texture and vuggy-silica textures infilled with digenite and enargite, Tampakan Cu-Au PCD
lithocap
Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Martabe Gold Mines- Sumatra, Indonesia

Vuggy silica, Martabe gold mine, Sumatra

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Martabe Gold Mines- Sumatra, Indonesia

Vuggy silica, Martabe gold mine, Sumatra

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Martabe Gold Mines- Sumatra, Indonesia

Vuggy silica, Martabe gold mine, Sumatra

Courtesy – Doug Kirwin
Alas Prospect – Southern Sumatra, Indonesia

Vuggy silica, Alas gold prospect , Sumatra

Courtesy – Ned Howard
Silica-pyrite - OR.693, Silica-pyrite & Vuggy silica, Chinkuashih, Taiwan
Iwato Arabira - Japan
 Alunite & jarosite in vuggy silicified volcanics - OR.2706, Alunite & jarosite in vuggy
Iwato Arabira - Japan silicified volcanics, Tambo Wendy, Chile
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

Central America - Mexico

• Tenoriba – Mexico
• Cerro Quema - Panama
Tenoriba, Mexico

Vuggy silica ~10g.t Au, 10g/t Ag

Tenoriba, Mexico. https://mammothresources.ca/projects/tenoriba/

Cerro Quema, Azuero Peninsula, Panama

Vuggy silica with pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralization

Perello, J., Garcia, A. and Creaser, R., Porphyry-related high-sulfidation mineralization early in Central American Arc development: Cerro Quema
deposit, Azuero Peninsula, Panama
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

North America
• Summitville – Colorado USA
• Goldfields – Nevada USA
• North Island Copper – BC Canada
Summitville - USA
Goldfield Nevada
North Island Copper Project, British Columbia

Vuggy silica
High Sulphidation Vuggy Silica - Textural Atlas

High-Sulphidation, Vuggy silica Samples

Europe
• Recsk – Hungary
• Bor - Serbia
Recsk - Hungary

Sulfide bearing vuggy silica (Lahóca Hill, R-377 drillhole, 103.9 m)

The dacitic crystal tuff and diatreme breccia complex at Lahóca Hill hosts high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au-Ag ore mineralization within vuggy quartz bodies, various
types of hydrothermal and volcanic breccias, and ore-bearing quartz stockwork. The host volcanic units are characterized by advanced argillic alteration, with
kandite clay minerals that enclose irregular-lentoid and dissected vuggy quartz breccia bodies.

Takacs, A. et. Al Ore Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of a High Sulfidation Epithermal Cu-Au-Ag
Deposit in the Recsk Ore Complex, Hungary, Economic Geology, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2017.4517
Ceovishte Serbia
 Replacive textures advancing from andesite protolith to massive sulfide in and around T
Bor - Serbia orebody