IMPACT OF LAND CLEARING BY BURNING

CREATED BY

ZAKIA RAMADHANU (202211030)

RIZKI FAJAR SATRIO (202211006)
IKBAL ABIDIN (202211024)

OIL PALM PLANTATION CULTIVATION STUDY PROGRAM

PALM OIL POLYTECHNIC CITRA WIDYA EDUCATION
BEKASI
2023/2024
 FOREWORD

Bismillahirrohmanirrohim all praise be to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala the Lord of the

universe who has made it easier for us to complete our English assignments optimally, God
willing, as well as blessings and greetings to the great prophet muhammad sallallahu alaihi
wasallam who we attended waiting for his intercession.
Thank you to Lecturer Mr. Abdullah as a lecturer in the English course who has given
group paper assignments and also thanks to group friends who have devoted their minds to
choosing titles and completing assignments. companies that clear land by burning it to reduce
capital, even though this is wrong and there are lots of negative impacts starting from causing air
pollution, from an economic aspect, namely destroying or losing forest stands, especially wood
and other plants, from an ecological aspect and a social aspect.

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Land is an area that is used by humans for life activities. Land is an area on the
surface of the earth that includes all the components of the biosphere that can be
considered fixed or cyclical which are above and below that area. These land components
can be seen as resources in relation to human activities in fulfilling their basic needs
stated by Worosuprojo. With the availability of land, humans can use it with various
activities.

One of the uses of land is for human activity. Land can be used as land for
agriculture. Agricultural crops have two types of planting procedures, namely annual
crops and annual crops. Plant semucin is dry land cultivation with the dominance of
semucin plants while perennial plants are cover crops or land boundary plants.

Land clearing (Land clearing) is one of the first steps for farming, in an area or
forest land previously overgrown with trees, weeds and biodiversity in it, land clearing is
carried out for purposes such as plantation land, agriculture, transmigration, and other
purposes. Yet the country's lands and/or forests are now at the center of world attention,
due to the rampant destruction of its vast natural resources.

Land clearing is an activity that aims to clear vegetation. Land clearing is a

principle that aims to create conditions conducive to the growth and development of a
land plant. Land clearing is an activity of opening or clearing land that was originally
forested or planted with trees to become land to be used for various activities. Land
clearing is carried out by farmers to open land to be used for agricultural land. Land
clearing is one of the land conversion activities where this activity is often carried out in
Indonesia.

World Wild Life Fund (WWF) Indonesia has criticized the phenomenon of
forest and land fires or Karhutla in various provinces in Indonesia. According to WWF
Indonesia, the emergency status is suitable for the disaster that is currently being
experienced by the heart of the world, because it has caused real losses to the people and
nation of Indonesia, health problems, social disturbances, and ecological disturbances,
namely the loss of habitat where biodiversity of flora and fauna is also an economic
disturbance.

The causes of forest fires are quite complex because not only the weather and
natural conditions are the cause, but the lack of supervision is also due to human
activities, both corporate/individual, the most dominant reason is seeking commercial

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profits through land clearing practices with easy and inexpensive methods. One of them
is burning which is use the community around the forest to clear or clear agricultural land
or plantations.

Land clearing is an activity carried out starting from spatial planning and land
layout to physical land clearing. Land clearing is technical work that is easy to do, as long
as the necessary equipment and resources are available. As for what must be considered
in clearing land including the suitability of the land to be cleared for the cultivation of oil
palm plants.

B. Problem Formulation
1. What is the impact of land clearing by burning?

C. Purpose
1. Knowing the impact of land clearing by burning.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL REVIEW

Land is a certain expanse (area) on the surface of the earth in a vertical manner
including climate components such as air, soil, water, and underground rocks as well as
past or current vegetation and human activities that are above the ground or the earth's
surface.

Land is a natural resource that is limited in number on this earth. Almost all
production, recreation and conservation activities require land. Land use for various
interests from various sectors should always refer to the physical potential of the land,
socio-economic factors, and local cultural conditions as well as the land legality system.

Land clearing is an activity carried out starting from spatial planning and land
layout to physical land clearing. Land clearing is technical work that is easy to do, as long
as the necessary equipment and resources are available. As for what must be considered
in clearing land including the suitability of the land to be cleared for the cultivation of oil
palm plants.

Land clearing is a principle that aims to create conditions conducive to the growth
and development of a plant. Land clearing is an activity of opening or clearing land that
was originally forested or planted with trees to become land to be used for various
activities. There are two types of land clearing, namely actual land clearing and overall
land clearing.

In general, traditional farmers still use land clearing and soil maturation methods
through the burning process. The process of burning organic matter is the process of
ripening soil with the lowest cost, although if done on a large scale it can increase carbon
monoxide gas emissions and affect the global climate. the work carried out in the
operation of land clearing to planting includes the follow:

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1. Make boundaries of the area to be opened
2. Choose a nursery location and start a nursery.
3. Conduct land clearing tenders for several contractors.
4. Make a work order (SPK) to the selected contractor.
5. Make boundaries for work blocks in the area to be opened.
6. Open the main drainage channel (if necessary).
7. Smash and fall (semi-mechanical).
8. Burning, perun (wood piles), and rump or perun and rump which is done
mechanically (without burning). In the zero burning concept, it is no longer
permissible to clear land by burning. As an alternative, the method of clearing
land from timber strapping using heavy equipment such as bulldozers and
excavators.
9. Opening the main road (followed by the collector road and waterways)
10. Make continuous terraces (especially in hilly areas)
11. Staking .
12. Cleaning the planting paths and rat markets (pilot roads).
13. Planting ground cover legumes (LCC)
14. Caring for ground cover legumes
15. Planting oil palm.

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 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

Forest is a type of natural resource that occupies a very important strategic

position in the state and state life. In Indonesia alone, of the 191 million hectares of land,
about two-thirds are forest areas with diverse ecosystems, from lowland tropical forest
and upland forest, peat swamp forest, freshwater swamp forest and mangrove forests.

Land clearing (Lanclearing) is an activity of opening new land for rice fields,
fields and community gardens including their maintenance and cleaning. Clearing land by
burning forest is expressly prohibited in any laws and regulations. However, this
provision can be waived for communities who carry out land clearing by seriously paying
attention to local wisdom in their respective areas. The local wisdom in question is
burning land with a maximum area of two hectares per head of family to plant local
varieties of plants and to be surrounded by firebreaks to prevent the spread of fire to the
surrounding area. This means clearing land by burning is permitted under certain
conditions.

Forest and land fires are caused not only by natural factors, but also by human
factors. Natural factors due to sparks caused by friction between dry parts of trees, trees
struck by lightning, and lava from volcanic eruptions. The human factor is the
indiscriminate disposal of cigarette butts that have not been completely extinguished,
leaving bonfires without making sure they are completely extinguished, or clearing land
by burning a portion of a forest area to function as rice fields, food crop plantations, oil
palm, or other crops.

Land clearing by burning forests has many negative impacts, including problems
regarding air pollution resulting from forest fires. One of the provinces in Indonesia that
is experiencing air pollution problems from forest fires is Riau province (Pekanbaru). In
fact, because the location of the province of Riau (Pekanbaru) is close to Malaysia, this
country is often exposed to smoke from forest fires in Riau (Pekanbaru) so that it can
disrupt diplomatic relations between the two countries, due to air pollution it can also
cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Above (ARI).

From an economic perspective, losses due to fires can be in the form of damage or
loss of value of forest stands, especially timber or plantation crop stands, loss of beauty
for tourism purposes, on the other hand, disruption of transportation (land, sea and air) in
the distribution of goods and other economic activities.

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 From an ecological perspective, forest, garden and land fires result in damage and
disruption of forest ecosystems and their functions, reduced biodiversity and loss of
representation of the regional ecosystem. Forest fires also accelerate the extinction of
flora and fauna in the forest. Forest fires kill microorganisms on the surface and the top
layer of the soil. The lower vegetation is generally also burned so that many types of flora
are lost, some species may disappear forever. Fires also destroy nests where wildlife
shelters and feed animals, even direct fires can also kill wild animals that cannot save
themselves. From a social perspective, schools are closed and you cannot do activities
outside the home as usual.

As we know, the legal basis for clearing forests is regulated in many laws and
regulations, regulated in Law no. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and
Management, also regulated in Law no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, and then the
new laws and regulations Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The Job Creation
Law itself strictly prohibits clearing land by burning, except for people who really pay
attention to local wisdom in their respective areas. However, in certain cases, certain
loopholes in this regulation have been exploited and manipulated by certain forest
firefighters to escape legal action. Law enforcement against heads of families who violate
procedures for burning forests by means of local wisdom can be carried out by
indigenous peoples. Law enforcement by indigenous peoples (customary council) is
carried out by imposing customary criminal sanctions. Positive law enforcement is
carried out when indigenous peoples have not/have not imposed customary criminal
sanctions on heads of families who violate the provisions of local wisdom.

So that in clearing land by burning based on local wisdom, it is necessary to have

a special Government policy regarding the establishment of traditional cultivation areas
which are integrated into the RTRWP/RTRWK in each area which still has traditions and
practices traditional cultivation. Then it is necessary to carry out regional mapping
activities based on ecosystem types (Lowland & Upland), inventory of spatial distribution
and the number of traditional cultivators including the types of commodities cultivated,
technology and wisdom used in traditional farming practices, in the framework of
compiling a database (database) related to traditional cultivation.

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1
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang
Pembukaan lahan
(Landclearing) adalah salah
satu langkah awal untuk
bercocok tanam, pada suatu
areal atau lahan hutan yang
sebelumnya banyak
ditumbuhi oleh pepohonan,
gulma dan keanekaragaman
hayati di dalamnya,

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pembukaan lahan di
lakukan untuk keperluan
seperti lahan perkebunan,
pertanian, transmigrasi, dan
keperluan lainnya. Namun
lahan dan atau hutan di
negara ini sekarang berada
pada pusat perhatian dunia,
karena kerusakan yang
merajalela pada sumber daya
alam yang besar
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

Land clearing (Lanclearing) is an activity of opening new land for rice fields, fields and
community gardens including their maintenance and cleaning. Clearing land by burning forest is
expressly prohibited in any laws and regulations. Land clearing by burning forests has many
negative impacts, including problems regarding air pollution resulting from forest fires. One of
the provinces in Indonesia that is experiencing air pollution problems from forest fires is Riau
province (Pekanbaru).

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 From an economic perspective, losses due to fires can be in the form of damage or loss of
value of forest stands, especially timber or plantation crop stands. From an ecological
perspective, forest, garden and land fires result in damage and disruption of forest ecosystems
and their functions, reduced biodiversity and loss of ecosystem representation. the area. And
from the social aspect, schools are closed and cannot do activities outside the home as usual.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Vitria N.2020 downloaded on 01 April 2023 . Available on

https://www.kompasiana.com/nelyvtr/63894a464addee17367a0c2/pembukaan-lahan-dengan -
cara-membakar-hutan

Studocu.com was downloaded on 01 April 2023.Available on

https://www.studocu.com/id/document/universitas-riau/teknologi-produksi-tanaman-perkebunan-
dan-industri-sub-optimal-i/pembukaan-lahan/44670542

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Pahan Iyung. 2006 Palm Oil. Jakarta: Independent Spreader, 2006

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