SUMMER INTERNSHIP PRELIMINARY REPORT

On
Ansys
Submitted by
KADIMAPTI YASWANTH
R170121
Under the Guidance of
Mr. G. NAVEEN KUMAR,

Assistant Professor, IIIT RK Valley, RGUKT-AP.

Report submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of

In

Mechanical Engineering

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGIES

R.K Valley, Y.S.R Kadapa (Dist)-516330

Andhra Pradesh

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COURSE DETAILS:

Candidate Name: KADIMAPTI YASWANTH

Course Name: ANSYS

Course Duration:28th July 2022 to 25th September 2022

Verification website: https://trainings.internshala.com/verify-certificate/

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Table of Contents

1.NEED Of Ansys...................................................................................................................................... 4
2.MOTIVATION........................................................................................................................................ 4
3.INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 5
4.LITERATURE .......................................................................................................................................... 6
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 6
BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD: .................................................................................................... 6
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD:......................................................................................................... 6
FINITE VOLUME METHOD ............................................................................................................... 6
IMPORTANT TERMS IN FEM/FEA .................................................................................................... 7
CONCEPT OF MESHING: .................................................................................................................. 8
APPLICATIONS OF FEM: .................................................................................................................. 9
STATIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 9
Geometry ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Contacts ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Material properties ....................................................................................................................... 10
Loads and Boundary Conditions ................................................................................................... 10
Results ........................................................................................................................................... 10
MODAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................. 12
Geometry, Loads, Material Properties.......................................................................................... 12
Solution Settings ........................................................................................................................... 12
Results ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Thermal Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 14
Geometry ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Material Properties ....................................................................................................................... 14
Loads and Boundary Conditions ................................................................................................... 14
Results ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Buckling Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 16
Performing Eigen-value Buckling Analysis .................................................................................... 16

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1.NEED Of Ansys
ANSYS FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING is a concept that has very wide scope
if applied properly. Its high demand in the industry stems from its ability to reduce the cost of
production of companies while also minimising the time taken for product.
The ANSYS software is known for its ability to test whether a product can have real world
applications .it provides a practical solution by allowing mechanical engineers to test their
designs for devices and machines.
ANSYS simulation technology encompasses all aspects of machine design. It is used
to test product designs and gives accurate results that can help you weigh whether a design can
be further improved before it is sent into the production.
• 3D model: Ansys lets you create 3D models of your machine designs so you can
properly visualize them in real life.
• Electronics: Using Ansys, you can visualize the flow of electromagnetics in your device
design, and see how it will affect the mechanical performance.
• Embedded Software: Ansys can generate programming codes that can be used to
improve your product.
• Understanding Fluids: This is specifically made for projects related to Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It is used to test the efficiency and operational smoothness of
a design.
• Strengthening systems and structures: These features guide you through different
scenarios so you can make sense of your design. They can help you find a solution for
any mechanical problem you might encounter.
As Ansys has this many uses and applications a mechanical student must need to learn it.

2.MOTIVATION
As a mechanical engineer one should must learn about designing sector. After
designing a particular object or machine in that design software like SOLID WORKS or
CATIA, we must need to know whether the designed product can sustain in real world, for
that without manufacturing the actual product we can analyse the deformation, stresses
developed in the body under particular conditions of load, specific environment etc. in the
ANSYS software. As it has that much importance in the design sector, I’m motivated to learn
ANSYS software

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3.INTRODUCTION
Ansys Software Introduction: The Ansys pre-processor allows users to build
geometry, define materials and generate element mesh. The Ansys processor allows users
to solve problems by applying loads and obtaining solutions. The Ansys post-processor
allows visualization and listing of results in a tabular form or as printouts.
Background of Ansys has been founded in 1970 and incorporated in 1994. Ansys
predominantly offers engineering simulation software and ancillary services.
The solutions provided by the company are used in a wide range of industries
including aerospace, defence, automotive, biomedical and other industrial sectors.
Ansys provides a common platform for product development, from design concept to
final-stage testing and validation.
The company's product portfolio consists of simulation platform offerings that are
used in diverse multi-physics fields like heat transfer, fluid mechanics, statics, solid
mechanics, etc. However, Ansys is best known for finite element analysis (FEA), which
has gained popularity as a modelling and simulation tool over the years in solving a
sequence of complex engineering problems.
The mainstay of Ansys is the Ansys Workbench. The Ansys Workbench environment
is the glue that binds the simulation process. It tracks dependencies among the various
types of data in the project. If something changes in an upstream cell, the project
schematic shows that downstream cells need to be updated to reflect these changes.
Ansys Software Treatment of engineering problems basically contains three main
parts: create a model, solve the problem

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4.LITERATURE
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS:
• Finite element analysis or FEA is the simulation of a physical phenomenon using a
numerical mathematic technique referred to as the finite element method.
• This process is at the core of mechanical engineering as well as a variety of other
disciplines.
• FEA provides a way of virtually testing a product design.
• It helps users understand the designs and implement appropriate design changes early
in the product development process.
• the adoption of FEA in the design cycle is driven by market pressure since it brings
many benefits that will help companies make better products with reduced
development costs and time to market.
BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD:
• Like FEM, it also requires nodes and elements, but it only considers the outer
boundary of the domain.
• So, when the problem is of a volume, only the outer surfaces are considered.
• If the domain if of an area, then only the outer periphery is considered.
• This way it reduces the dimensionality of the problem by a degree of one and thus
solving the problem faster.
• Best application of BEM-acoustic analysis, NVH analysis.
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD:
• In general, the finite difference method is described as a way to solve differential
equation.
• It uses Taylor’s series to convert a differential equation to an algebraic equation.
• In the conversion process higher order terms are neglected.
• It is used in combination with BEM or FVM to solve thermal and CFD coupled
problems.
FINITE VOLUME METHOD:
• The values are calculated at discrete volumes on a generic geometry.
• The unit volumes are considered in finite volume method like that of finite elements
that are considered in FEM.
• Variable properties include pressure, velocity, area, mass etc.
• It is based upon Navier Stokes equations (mass, momentum and energy conservation
equilibrium equations).

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IMPORTANT TERMS IN FEM/FEA:
Degree of Freedom (DOF):
• The minimum number of parameters (motion, coordinates, temperature, etc.) required
to define the position and state of any entity completely in space is known as degrees
of freedom (DOF).
• In FEA, we use it for the individual calculation points (nodes).
• All of the elements do not always have 6 DOF’s per node
• Total DOF’s of meshed model = DOF’s for each node number of nodes
• The number of DOF’s depend on: Type of element (1D,2D,3D), the family of element
(thin shell, plane stress, plane strain, membrane, etc) and the type of analysis
(structural, thermal, modal, etc.)

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CONCEPT OF MESHING:
• The concept of converting a geometric model into FE model containing number of
discrete nodes and elements is known as Meshing.
• Which implies with increase in numbers of nodes the error is reducing, we call this
process as Mesh refinement, also the computations increase with increase in number
of nodes.

Computer-Aided-Engineering

• Computer-Aided-Engineering is nothing but use of computers for solving engineering

problems.
• Use of computer software to understand and predict the behaviours of physical objects
under various conditions.
RELATION OF CAE AND FEM:

• CAE can be believed to be a more generic term to describe usage of one or more
computational techniques to help engineering design and development.
• FEM is a specific discipline within CAE.
• FEM is a “means to solve the problem”, but is most often associated with the classes
of problems (solid mechanics) that it is most frequently used to solve.

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APPLICATIONS OF FEM:
Mechanical Engineering:
• Steady and transient structural analysis in solids and fluids.
• Steady and transient thermal analysis in solids and fluids.
Aerospace, Marine and Civil Engineering:
• Structural analysis for natural frequencies, model shapes, response analysis,
aerodynamics and hydrodynamics.
Electrical And Electronics Engineering:
• Electrical network analysis
• Dynamic analysis of motors
• Heat analysis in electrical and electronic equipment.
Introduction to Ansys software
The introduction includes basics of the Ansys software such as, Ansys engineering
data manager, adding custom material to Ansys engineering data, accessing engineering
material libraries from Ansys workbench, design modeler, modelling tools using sketching,
revolve sweep and loft tools etc. and concepts such as, theory of meshing, meshing methods,
introduction to contacts, automatic contacts and manual contacts
STATIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
From static structural analysis we can be able to determine the displacements, stresses,
strains and forces in structures or components caused by loads that do not induce significant
inertia and damping effects, that is the loads and structure’s response are assumed to vary
slowly with respect to the time.
• Types of loading that can be applied in a static analysis include:
• Externally applied forces and pressures
• Steady-state inertial force
• Temperatures
For a linear static structural analysis, the global displacement vector{x}is solved for in
the matrix equation, [K]{x} ={F}
For Static structural analysis in Ansys workbench the procedure is as follows,
Geometry
In structural analysis, all types of bodies supported by Mechanical may be used.
• For surface bodies, thickness must be supplied in the “Details” view of the
“Geometry” branch.
• The cross-section and orientation of line bodies are defined within Design Modeler
and are imported into Mechanical automatically.

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Contacts
• Surface contact elements in Mechanical can be visualized as a “skin” covering the
surfaces of the parts in an assembly.
• It is these elements that define the behaviour when parts are in contact (e.g. friction,
bonding, heat transfer, etc.)
Material properties
• Young’s modulus and Poisson’s Ratio are always required for linear elastic structural
analysis:
• Density is required if any inertial loads are present.
• Thermal expansion coefficient is required if a temperature load is applied.
• Stress Limits is needed if a Stress Tool result is present
• Fatigue Properties are needed if Fatigue Tool result is present
Loads and Boundary Conditions
• There are different types of Loads such as pressure, Line pressure, force, bearing load,
hydrostatic pressure load etc. that can be applied to the bodies for analysis.
• We have different types of inertial loads like standard earth gravity, acceleration,
rotational velocity etc.
• You have access to different supports such as fixed support, frictionless support,
displacement support etc.
Results
• Total and directional displacements
• Different types of stress such as normal, shear, bending, principal stress etc.
• We can evaluate different strains
• Factor of safety
• Reaction forces etc.

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Example: Cantilever beam analysis

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MODAL ANALYSIS
• Modal analysis is performed to find the fundamental frequencies (Modes) and their
associated behaviour (Mode shapes)
• Modal analysis is a fundamental analysis that is always performed alongside the static
structural analysis to understand the behaviour of the product under consideration
• Mode: The frequency at which the body vibrates.
• Mode shape: It represent the shape or pattern which the body is going to take at
certain natural frequency.
• Applications: Aerospace, automobile, marine, sports, construction etc.
Geometry, Loads, Material Properties
Modal analysis can employ any type of geometry:
• Solid bodies, surface bodies and line bodies.
• The Point Mass feature can be used
• Material Properties:
Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Density are required
Structural and thermal loads are not available in free vibration:
• If no supports (or partial) are present, rigid-body modes will occur at or near 0 Hz
• The choice of boundary conditions will affect the mode shapes and frequencies of the
part.
Solution Settings
Within mechanical analysis settings:
• Specify the number of modes to find (default is 6).
• Optionally specify a frequency search range
• Request additional result output if desired
Results
Modal Results:
• Because there is no excitation applied to the structure the mode shapes are relative
values not actual values.
• Mode shape results are mass normalized.

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Example: Modal analysis on beam

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Thermal Analysis
• Thermal analysis basically means the effect that heat will have on the performance of
a product.
• It studies the effect of the change in temperature on material properties.
• Mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.
Geometry
In thermal analysis all body types are supported:
• Solid,surface,and line bodies.
Line bodies cross-section and orientation is defined with DesignModeler or
SpaceClaim.
Shell and line body assumptions:
• Shells: temperatures may be vary over the surface
• Line bodies: temperature may avry along the length of the beam
Material Properties
• The only required material property for steady state is thermal conductivity.
• Thermal Conductivity is input in the Engineering Data application.
• Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity is input as a table
Loads and Boundary Conditions
• There are different types of loads such as temperature, Internal heat flux, radiation,
convection conditions etc. that can be applied to the bodies and faces for analysis.
Results
• Total and directional heat flux
• Temperature
• Reaction values for different temperature boundary conditions.
• Contact status etc.

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Example:steady-state thermal analysis of a beam

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Buckling Analysis
• Buckling :The sudden change in shape(deformation)of a structural component under
load,such as the bowing of a column under compression.
• Buckling analysis is performed for predicting the failure of the objects under
excessive deformation
• This mainly occurs due to the structure losing its stiffness in a certain direction and
even though the stress doesn’t come even close to the failure stresses the product is
going to fail.
Performing Eigen-value Buckling Analysis:
Geometry and Material Properties
Any type of geometry supported by mechanical may be used in buckling analyses:
• Solid bodies
• Surface bodies (with appropriate thickness defined)
• Line bodies(with appropriate cross-sections efined)
Only buckling modes and displacement results are available for line bodies.
For material properties,Youngs’ Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio are required as minimum.
Loads and Supports
Atleast one structural load, which causes buckling,should be applied to the model:
• All structural loads will be multiplied by the load multiplier to determine the
buckling load.
• Compression-only supports are not recommended.
• The structure should be fully constrained to prevent rigid-body motion
Results
After setting up the model the buckling analysis can be solved along with the static structural
analysis.
• A linear buckling is more computationally expensive than a static analysis on the
same model.
• The “solution information” branch provides detailed solution output

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Example:buckling analysis on a beam

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