MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
VIKRAMGAD
MICRO PROJECT
Academic year:2020-21

TITLE OF PROJECT

Types of lamps
Program: TY Diploma Course: Electrical
Engineering
Subject : Utilization of electrical enginnering
Subject code: 22626
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms.
Roll No. 2134 of First Semester of Diploma in electrical
Engineering of institute, Government Polytechnic, Vikramgad
(Code: 1547) has completed the Micro-Project satisfactorily in
Subject Maintenance of electrical equipment (22625) for the
academic year 2022-2023 as prescribe in the curriculum.

Place: Vikramgad Enrollment no:

Date: /4/2023 Exam seat.no:
 Group Details:

Sr.No Name of group Roll Enrollment Seat No.

members No. NO.
1 Rutik Arun Manje 3206 2015470015
2 Nainesh Viraj Joshi 3207 2015470017
3 Nitin Pandharinath 3213 2015470031
Thalke
4 Ganesh Dinker 3249 2115470183
kumbhar
 ❖ Introduction :
There are different types of lamps available in the market but their
classification can be done based on materials used, operating principle
& their efficiency of energy. The different types of lamps include the
following.

Types of lamps

➢ Incandescent
➢ Tungsten Halogen
➢ Fluorescent
➢ Compact Fluorescent
➢ Mercury Vapour
➢ Metal Halide
➢ High-Pressure Sodium Vapour
➢ Low-Pressure Sodium Vapour
➢ LED
 Incandescent Lamps
The incandescent light or lamp is an electric light source that functions through
incandescence, which means the light emission can be caused through filament
heating. These are available in an extensive range of wattages, voltages & sizes.

These lamps are the original electric lightings and the inventor of this lamp is
Thomas Edison. Generally, these lamps are designed with glass including a
tungsten filament. Once the current supplies through this filament then it will
get heat and generates light.

These bulbs generally include a glass mount or stem that is connected to the
base of the bulb that permits the electrical contacts to work throughout the cover
without leaks of air or gas Small wires embedded in the stem support the
filament and/or its lead wires.

Tungsten Halogen Lamps

 A tungsten halogen lamp is also called quartz iodine & quartz-halogen, is
one kind of incandescent lamp that includes a tungsten filament enclosed within
a solid transparent cover. This cover is packed with a combination of a halogen
& an inert gas like bromine or iodine..

The halogen lamps size will allow utilization in solid optical systems for
illumination & projectors. The small glass cover may be included in a high
external glass bulb and this bulb contains less temperature to protect the inside
bulb from contagion so that this bulb will be changed mechanically similar to a
normal lamp. As compared to fluorescent and LED, halogen incandescent &
standard bulbs are less efficient.

Fluorescent Lamps

A fluorescent lamp or bulb is a less pressure gas-discharge with mercury-vapor

lamp and it generates visible light by using fluorescence. In this bulb, once the
electric current supplies then the gas will excite the mercury vapor to generate
short-wave UV light, and then it causes a phosphor coating within the lamp to
blink.
The main function of a fluorescent lamp is to change the energy more
efficiently from electrical to as compared to incandescent lamps.

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

The compact fluorescent lamp is one kind of fluorescent lamp that is normally
designed to replace halogen or incandescent lamps. These lamps are available in
two types like screw-in & plug-in.
Screw-in type lamps can be arranged in a screw socket without using extra
equipment whereas plug-in type lamps need weight & a socket that
communicates with their exact base arrangement.

Sometimes, these are called integrated & non-integrated. These two types of
lamps are available in different sizes, wattages, base types, color temperatures
& these are recognized mainly for their low cost, efficiency, long life, etc.

Mercury-Vapor Lamps

A gas discharge lamp like a mercury-vapor lamp utilizes an electric arc

throughout vaporized mercury for generating light. Generally, the arc discharge
is restricted to a tiny fused quartz arc pipe that is placed in a bigger borosilicate
glass bulb.

These types of lamps are energy efficient as compared to incandescent. The

main benefits of these bulbs are, lifespan is 24k hours, high intensity, and output
is clear white light. So these are the main reasons to use these lights in large
overhead lighting within warehouses, sports arenas, streetlights, factories, etc.

Metal Halide Lamps

 A metal halide lamp is also called an MH lamp & it is a high-
intensity discharge lamp that means it generates its light using an electric arc in
a small discharge tube.
So these lamps are becoming very famous because of their light quality as well
as their efficiency. These lamps are mostly used in sports fields, stadiums,
parking lots & street lights in urban places.

The competitors of these lamps are the HPS, mercury vapor, LPS,
halogen & LEDs. These lamps have more benefits so used in various
applications. The disadvantages of metal halide lamps include expensive, light
pollution, etc.

High-Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps

A high-pressure sodium-vapor lamp is an electric discharge lamp including

ionized sodium. These lamps are mainly used in street lighting &other lightings.

Once current supplies in between the two electrodes, then it ionizes the argon &
neon to provide a red glow till the hot gas evaporates the sodium. After that, this
sodium ionizes & shines almost monochrome yellow.
 LED Lamps

LED lamps are electric lights that generate light through LEDs & these are
extensively more energy-efficient as compared to incandescent lamps &
fluorescent lamps. The commercially available & most efficient LED lamps
have 200 lumens for each watt.
LED Lamps

As compared to incandescent lamps, the lifespan of LED lamps is more. These

lamps work through a LED driver circuit to function from power lines. This
LED driver circuit needs some special characteristics to be compatible with
lamp dimmers used on incandescent lamps.