Петрык

1
Ukraine is located in the southeastern part of Europe,[55] within the East European Plain. The
territory of the republic within its internationally recognized borders[g] is 603,549 km², which
corresponds to 5.7% of the territory of Europe and 0.44% of the world (44th largest country in
the world and 1st among countries entirely in Europe[i]).

The territory of Ukraine in its internationally recognized borders[g] measures 1,316 km from
west to east and 893 km from north to south; lies approximately between 52°20' and 45°20'
north latitude and 22°5' and 41°15' east longitude

2
The nature of Ukraine is the heritage of the country. That is why there are more than 20 nature
reserves, 4 of which are biosphere reserves. For example, on the territory of Askania Nova
Nature Reserve alone there are 478 species of herbs. There are also 22 national parks and 28
botanical gardens.

3
The Red Book of Ukraine (Ukr. Chervona kniga Ukrainy) is an official state document that
contains an annotated list of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora within the borders
of Ukraine, its continental shelf and marine economic zone, as well as generalized information
about the distribution, current status of these species, the causes of population decline, and
measures for their conservation and reproduction.

4
The first Red Book of Ukraine contained 85 species and 151 species of higher plants. And in
April 2021, the Red Book of Ukraine included 1544 species, of which 687 animals and 857 flora

5
We also have such rare animals as :
Eared Hedgehog
Forest cat
Brown bear
Brown bear ...
Black stork ...
Lynx ...
Ermine ...
Elk
6
Ukraine is almost all located within the moderate continental belt. The climate formed in
Ukraine is the result of the interaction of three climatic factors.

Шевчук
7
Ukraine's Foreign Policy (2005-2009)
When President Victor Yushchenko came to power in Ukraine in early 2005, the development
and implementation of Ukraine's foreign policy was assigned to politicians with a pro-Western
orientation. According to the new concept of Ukrainian foreign policy, Ukraine's accession to
the European Union and NATO, as well as a decrease in economic (primarily energy)
dependence on Russia, were set as priority objectives in foreign policy. At the same time, there
was a gradual retreat from the idea of economic integration within the post-Soviet space,
accompanied by an aggravation of disagreements in the economic and political sphere with
Russia.
In April 2005 Viktor Yushchenko, who came to power, returned a reference to Ukraine's
strategic goal of "full membership in NATO and the European Union" to the Ukrainian military
doctrine. The rapprochement of Ukraine and NATO was accompanied by purposeful actions of
the Ukrainian leadership to strain Russian-Ukrainian relations. A special place was occupied by
humanitarian issues - rehabilitation and glorification of OUN and UPA, restriction of Russian
language use, falsification of history. Russian authorities, for their part, negatively assessed
both the Orange revolution and the policy of the new Ukrainian president with regard to the
language issue, interpretations of the mass starvation of 1930s and the Ukrainian Insurgent
Army, his NATO membership course. All this did little to promote relations between Ukraine
and Russia.
8
Ukraine's foreign policy (2010-2014)
The election of Viktor Yanukovych as president of Ukraine in 2010 was marked by a marked
improvement in Russian-Ukrainian relations.
On April 21, 2010 the presidents of Russia and Ukraine signed the Kharkov agreements
extending the lease of the Russian Black Sea Fleet stationing in the Crimea until 2042, with the
possibility of extending it for another 5 years - until 2047. The State Duma of Russia and the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine successfully ratified the agreement on the Black Sea Fleet of the
Russian Federation.
At the end of 2012 - beginning of 2013. Russia offered Ukraine to join the Customs Union of
EurAsEC and become its full member. Ukraine, however, rejected all of Russia's integration
proposals, and the matter was reduced to purely symbolic participation of Ukraine in the CU as
an observer.
In April 2010 the incumbent president Viktor Yanukovych signed decrees abolishing the
interdepartmental commission on Ukraine's preparation for NATO membership and the
national center for Euro-Atlantic integration, stating that Ukraine's relations with NATO would
remain at the level reached under President Viktor Yushchenko. Removing the question of
NATO membership from the agenda was enshrined in the state law "On the foundations of
domestic and foreign policy," adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on July 1, 2010.
9
Ukraine's foreign policy (2014-2019)
As noted by Russian researchers, "the 'post-Maidan' period in the history of Ukrainian foreign
policy can be considered a period of rejection of multi-vectorism and the actual transformation
of the country into an object of international relations." In 2014, the new Ukrainian authorities
chose an exclusively pro-Western course, the absolute foreign policy guidelines of which were
American-centrism and Euro-Atlanticism (the desire to integrate into the European Union and
NATO). The foreign policy was dominated by the desire to receive support from the United
States and international financial and military-political organizations controlled by them, as well
as to withstand the threat from Moscow.
In geopolitical terms, this means Ukraine's self-promotion to the role of a kind of "frontier," a
borderland between the European Union and Russia. The official Kiev is ready to undertake the
role of the defender of the collective West on the line of the existing, in the opinion of the
Ukrainian authorities, "civilizational divide". A key role in Kiev's promotion of this thesis is
played by the facts of Russia's annexation of Crimea and provocation and, at a later period,
Russia's interference in the conflict in eastern Ukraine. This concept enjoys the greatest support
in the "new Europe" countries of the Baltics and Poland, as opposed to the so-called "old
Europe. Ukraine is making efforts to drag the entire united Europe into a tough confrontation
with Russia.

Гулевич
10
The state system of Ukraine is determined by the Constitution adopted by Parliament on June
28, 1996.
Ukraine is a unitary parliamentary-presidential republic. The government is the Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine. The supreme legislative body is the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

Immediately after the declaration of independence of Ukraine, thanks to the referendum of

1991 a parliamentary commission was formed in Ukraine to prepare a new constitution and on
June 28, 1996 with the adoption of the new democratic constitution a multiparty political
system (pluralism) was established and the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens of
Ukraine and national minorities were declared.

11
According to the Constitution, the state language in Ukraine is the Ukrainian language. Ethnic
groups in Ukraine are guaranteed the right to receive education in their native language, to
develop culture, and to support and use national languages in everyday life.

According to Article 1 of the Constitution of Ukraine, Ukraine is, among other things, a
democratic state governed by the rule of law. Article 5 states that Ukraine is a republic.

In the Ukrainian system of state power there is the principle of separation of powers, in which
the state power is divided into three independent from each other branches: legislative,
executive and judicial.

The balance of executive and legislative powers in the state is arranged in such a way that
defines Ukraine as a parliamentary-presidential republic.

12
In 2018, Ukraine was, according to official U.S. CIA statistics, the 32nd most populous country in
the world, with a population of 43.952 million as of July of that year[1].

According to the 2001 census of Ukraine, the national composition of the country was as
follows: 77.8% Ukrainians, 17.3% Russians, 0.6% Belarusians, 0.5% Moldovans, 0.5% Crimean
Tatars, 0.4% Bulgarians, 0.3% Hungarians, 0.3% Romanians, 0.3% Poles, 0.2% Jews and 1.8%
other nationalities.
 13
Women outnumber men
According to the census data, 20.01 million women and 17.28 million men live in Ukraine. Thus,
women outnumber men by 2.73 million or 16%.

One in ten lives in the capital

Kiev is home to 3.73 million people, or 10% of the country's population.

There is 53 thousand hryvnias of state debt for every one of them.

At the beginning of December last year, the total public debt and publicly guaranteed debts
amounted to 1.99 trillion Hryvnias, which is 10% of the country's population. The major part of
this amount is the external debt, which amounts to 1,16 trillion UAH.

Thus, each Ukrainian has almost 53.4 thousand UAH of public debt.

Two tons of grain for every person.

Ukraine has been actively increasing its agricultural production. Last year 75.2 million tons of
cereals was harvested in the fields of the country. Agricultural producers have grown most of all
corn, 32.5 million tons.

More than 2.6 million are vegetarians.

According to a study by the animal rights organization Open Cells and KMIS, 7.1% of Ukrainians
do not consume meat. Most of those who refuse to consume animal products are young people
between 18 and 29 years old, the authors of the study say.