11.

2 - Notation and Analysis

Assessment Statement Notes

11.2.1 Outline the reasons for using notational analysis It is primarily used to inform
in physical education and sports the coaching process, and so
improve athlete performance
through:

• providing an objective way

of recording
performance
• quantifying performance in
a consistent and reliable
manner
• facilitating quantitative and
qualitative
feedback

11.2.2 List five applications of notation in physical 1. Tactical evaluation

education and sporting context 2. Technical evaluation
3. Analysis of movement
4. Development of databases
and models
5. Educational use with
teacher/coach and athlete

11.2.3 Distinguish between a phase analysis model and Limit to the following.
performance outcome model • Phase analysis model
of qualitative biomechanical (sequential, based on
analysis for an individual sports technique movement principles)
- Preparation
- Retraction
- Action
- Follow-through
• Performance outcome
model (hierarchical,
based on mechanical
relationships
underpinning performance)
- Speed principles
- Force principles
- Coordination
principles
- Specific performance
principles
 11.2.4 Explain how a flow chart system can be used for Consider flow charts that
match analysis in a team invasion game identify features such as:
• the player who has
possession
• the location (in the field of
play) for a change in
possession
• the player who gains
possession
• the method of change in
possession (for
example, tackle or
interception)

11.2.5 Suggest how to develop a simple notation Limit to:

system for team games • scattergrams
• frequency tables
• sequential systems

11.2.6 Outline three examples of the use of digital

technology in sports analysis

11.2.7 Evaluate the use of information technologies in

sports analysis for different sports contexts

11.2.1 - Outline the reasons for using notational analysis in physical education and sports

Notational analysis can:

- provide recorded objective feedback
- quantify performance in a reliable manner
- facilitate quantitative and qualitative feedback

11.2.2 - List five applications of notation in physical education and sporting context

Notational analysis can be used for:

- tactical evaluation
- technical evaluation
- analysis of movement
- development of database/models
- educational use with teacher/coach and athlete
11.2.3 - Distinguish between a phase analysis model and performance outcome model
of qualitative biomechanical analysis for an individual sports technique

Phase Analysis Model - a descriptive process of dividing up a movement into relevant parts
so that attention can be focused on the performance of each part
4 phases ⟶ preparation, retraction, action and follow-through

Sporting Example: Long Jump

Preparation: the run-up
Retraction: the final foot strike
Action: the take-off and the flight
Follow-through: the landing

Performance Outcome Model - uses a hierarchical approach, it is based on mechanical

relationships underpinning performance

To examine the long jump, you would identify and analyze the components that determine
success:
- The most important aspect for the long jump would be the distance covered
- This can be split into the take-off distance, flight distance and landing
distance
- We could assume that flight distance is the most important, and therefore
you would focus on the technique of the flight distance
- You would move down the hierarchy and you would look into the next most
important aspect of the long jump, perhaps the landing or the take-off
- Therefore, this model looks at performance in a hierarchical nature and suggests
performance in a small part of a skill can affect the overall outcome of a skill or
technique
11.2.4 - Explain how a flow chart system can be used for match analysis in a team invasion
game

Flow Chart - can be used to identify patterns during a game

11.2.5 - Suggest how to develop a simple notation system for team games

Scattergrams - identifying two variables and plotting them on an x and y axes to determine if
there is a relationship
ex. plotting the number of passes (x-axis) against the number of shots on goal (y-axis)
for a certain tactic

Frequency Tables - they note how often something occurs

ex. number of fouls committed, number of goals scored

Sequential Systems - identifying sequences that lead to a particular outcome

11.2.6 - Outline three examples of the use of digital technology in sports analysis

Motion Tracking - ex. Hawk-Eye in tennis or Dartfish

Performance Analysis - ex. Prozone
Nutrition, Fitness and Training Analysis - ex. My Fitness Pal or BodyByte

11.2.7 - Evaluate the use of information technologies in sports analysis for different sports
contexts

Advantages Disadvantages

- provides data that is not available through - coaches need training to make the most
traditional analysis techniques effective use of interpreting the data
- provides data over shorter/longer - limited availability in many regions
timescales - limited use in all situations and locations
- data is objective and accurate - may lead to overreliance on objective data
- allows image comparisons
- feedback is immediate
- feedback information is manageable and
specifically adjusted for athlete
- technologies that are commonly used
today are inexpensive/getting cheaper and
becoming more accessible
- a way of recording the effectiveness of the
coaching process
- facilitating quanititative and qualitative
feedback to aid learning/motivation