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CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

1. Sri Lanka is engaging in large-scale reconstruction and development projects

following the end of the 26-year conflict with the LTTE, including increasing
electricity access and rebuilding its road and rail network. Additionally, Sri Lanka
seeks to reduce poverty by using a combination of state directed policies and private
investment promotion to spur growth in disadvantaged areas, develop small and
medium enterprises, and promote increased agriculture. High levels of government
funding may be difficult, as the government already is faced with high debt interest
payments, a bloated civil service, and historically high budget deficits. The 2008-09
global financial crisis and recession exposed Sri Lanka's economic vulnerabilities and
nearly caused a balance of payments crisis, which was alleviated by a $2.6 billion
IMF standby agreement in July 2009. The end of the civil war and the IMF loan,
however, have largely restored investors' confidence, reflected in part by the Sri
Lankan stock market's recognition as one of the best performing markets in the world.
Sri Lankan growth rates averaged nearly 5% in during the war, but increased
government spending on development and fighting the LTTE in the final years
spurred GDP growth to around 6-7% per year in 2006-08. After experiencing 3.5%
growth in 2009, Sri Lanka's economy is poised to achieve high growth rates in the
postwar period. The following table shows the variation of GDP growth rate for the
past thirteen years starting from 2011.

Table 1.1
GDP-real growth rate (%) for the period of 1999-2011

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

GDP(%) 3.7 5.6 -1 3.2 5.5 5.2 6 7.5 6.8 6 3.5 9.1 8.2

Source: Annual Report 2012, Central Bank of Sri Lanka

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2. National Defence of a country generally means the survival of the country by

using its economic, military and political power and the effective exercise of the
diplomacy. The roles of each component largely involved in the role of National
Defence. A country cannot maintain high level of National Defence giving priority to
only one of the above-mentioned components since each component is utmost
importance. Moreover, to uplift the standards of the economy, military and political
power and the exercise of diplomacy cannot be done focussing them separately. Thus,
the holistic approach is ideal in this regard. The thirty year war against the LTTE
terrorism affected many aspects such as education, economy, health and social
security of the life of people in the North and East. In the post-war situation, there is
an urgent need to take corrective measures to develop those aspects. In that regard, the
Government has launched two major post-recovery programmes called
“UthuruWasanthaya” and “NagenahiraNawodaya”. However, the Government should
also plan for the next years to meet the challenges in the post-war situation. In that
regard, meeting the numerous challenges of ‘a war, thirty years long’ is not going to
be an easy task. Also, the Government cannot bring revolutionary solutions to the
post-war problems, which should be solved with a better understanding of the psycho-
socio conditions of the conflict affected people.

3. Further, a concept has gradually been built that the National Defence as a
public good. Hence, the maintenance of high standards in National Defence will make
the country and its people to live happily and peacefully and this peaceful situation
and the happily living citizens will contribute positively to uplift the standards of the
statutory bodies and all the parties involved in the protection of the National Defence
to make National development in the Island. When considering the role of the
National Defence, The Tri Forces, after defeating LTTE, the role of each parties
involved in exercising National Defence has become vital. However, the military
forces which were directly involved in defeating the LTTE have shown that they are
capable in assisting in the smooth functioning for the National Development of the Sri
Lanka.

4. Hence, this research focuses on the role of the Tri Forces with relation to the
National Development of Sri Lanka after defeating the LTTE. The thirty year war
against the LTTE terrorism affected many aspects such as Development, Education,

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Economy, Health and social security, Training of the life of people in the North and
East as well as in the whole Island. In the post-war situation, there is an urgent need to
take corrective measures to develop those aspects. In that regard, the Government has
launched two major post-recovery programmes called “Uthuru Wasanthaya” and
“Nagenahira Nawodaya”. However, the Government should also plan for the next
years to meet the challenges in the post-war situation. In that regard, meeting the
numerous challenges of ‘a war, thirty years long’ is not going to be an easy task.
Also, the Government cannot bring revolutionary solutions to the post-war problems,
which should be solved with a better understanding of the psycho-socio conditions of
the conflict affected people.

Aim

5. The aim of this study is to identify the contribution of Tri Forces to the
National development in Sri Lanka by studying their contribution to uplift the
economic growth rate of the country and living standards of the people.

Objectives

6. To analyse the contribution of Tri Forces for the development of skills and
attitude of the government servants.

7. To review the measures taken by the concerned authorities to uplift the

economic growth rate of the country and living standards of the people.

8. To suggest policies for the sustainable development in Sri Lanka.

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Hypotheses
9. Sri Lankan Tri Forces have uplifted the economic growth rate of the country
and living standards of the people.

10. Sri Lankan Tri Forces have developed skills and built attitude of the
government servants
Methodology
a. Sample:
Due to the huge population sample of this study, sample used in this
study is limited to prominent figures of tri forces and that of government
concerned with and relevant to this study.

b. Data:
This study is based on primary and secondary data.

c. Data Collection Tools:

Primary data were collected through interviews and various speeches,
public addresses, presentations and papers published by the prominent figures
in tri forces and government sector. Secondary data were gathered from
relevant publications, books, magazines and internet.

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CHAPTER 02
LITERATURE REVIEW

11. Maj Gen AWJC de Silva had done a research on the topic Sri Lanka Army`s
contribution towards peace and stability through sustained assistance to national re-
integration programme. The aim of this research is identify the Sri Lanka Army’s
contribution towards strengthening the pathway to peace Building and community
resilience. For that he had used his objectives. They are identifying the challengers to
reintegration, implementation of a successful reintegration plan and Sri Lanka army’s
contribution in implementing the national reintegration plan. First he had identified
the attitudes of Tamil peoples who were with LTTE. Also he had identified the what
are sources that power those attitudes. Especially he founded that there was another
distinct feature in the activities of terrorists whilst there was this broad disintegration
of the broad and cohesive nature of the traditional Tamil community there had been
yet another militant and violence ridden society which was being formed the
terrorists’ family. This type of radicalization of the members of the terror group and
their communities needed something more meaningful by the end of the defeat of
terrorists. Such levels of radicalization and violence pronged individuals had to be
dealt with in a system that was available. Thus, arise a requirement for a
comprehensive reintegration program aimed at full social integration in order to
rebuild the deeply fractured community with psychological trauma and physical
displacement issues. Concerns were many, including special programs to dissolve the
phenomenon of ‘terrorist family’ and reintegrate ex-combatants into the society. Then
he researched about what are the challenges to remove those attitudes from them. He
recognized that the link of outer terrorists with these families. Other than that, special
case is they used to hate other nation by a brain wash. He researched what are aspects
to overcome it that done by army. They were Assistance to ex-combatants,
Community Assistance eyc. We also followed these activities and used it for our
research. Especially about rehabilitation and wining their hearts.

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CHAPTER 03
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

12. Sri Lanka was confronted with so many challenges after the eradication of the
LTTE by the armed forces. It is not an easy task to tackle or face the challenges faced
by such a prolonged war which lasted almost three decades. There so many factors
which needed to be addressed with pin point precision. There are so many factors
which have to be considered in dealing with these challenges. Just after the war Sri
Lankan armed forces were falsely accused of war crimes by the international
community, especially western countries like United Kingdom. However Sri Lankan
government was able to address these challenges very successfully.

13. This research is important because this research is focused on the

identification of contribution of tri forces for the national development beyond their
military task. During the war, the main focus of the tri forces was combating the
terrorism or counter insurgency. But with the eradication of the brutal terrorist group
LTTE the main focus of the tri forces changed from counter insurgency to civil
security. The government quickly took over the outlawed areas in east and north and
brought the order to these communities. This was achieved by utilizing the
capabilities of the armed forces of Sri Lanka.

14. Now the government is utilizing the capabilities of tri forces for the nation
building and national development. Tri forces are involved and contributing to these
development projects willingly. This is very important because since there is no war
now, civil society’s view about armed forces may change. They might think there is
no need to have such large number of soldiers. Hence the respect for armed forces
may be lost with time. So to avoid such unfavourable situations and to help the nation
to propagate towards the development with higher speed, armed forces have been
contributing so many resources. So it is important to study how they have contributed
beyond their military task for the development and well-being of the country.

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CHAPTER 04
DATA ANALYSIS

Strategic Role for Armed Forces

15. During the Last few decades, Sri Lankan armed forces had major role to defeat
terrorism from the mother land. Now there is no more war in country, the role of armed forces
now transit from conflict era to peace full situation. The complementary services referred here
are important during the period of transition. Therefore, the role with respect to role of
defence during the period of transition is important for the future of National Defence. The
armed forces have the strength and potential to take a share of responsibility in regional
security arrangements to prevent Sri Lanka from becoming the hunting ground for external
powers. The introduction of Sri Lanka as a new military factor in the regional security
spectrum has to be reckoned in future operational planning of all powers including India. It
will be in the interest of both India and Sri Lanka to evolve greater strategic convergence
between both countries to ensure better coordination of their security strategies to their mutual
advantage. This would enable both nations to keep the Indian Ocean region sanitized from
external forces. 

16. When we consider about the defence service, in last three decades tri-forces directly
involving with the war. But the problem appears with the post war scenario. What do they
have to do? That is the main question of Sri Lankan military after the end of the 4 th
humanitarian war against the LTTE. As a third world country, we have to do many more
things to develop our culture, security, health, and economy etc. Those defence service
officers and soldiers are undergoing with post war, they can involve with above subjects to
develop our country. Military officers and soldiers are well trained and they can involve to
any matter in correct manner with great dedication and discipline. If they have some
knowledge regarding particular subject they utilize it and make the maximum use of it. Then
after the humanitarian operation, there is no more war, tri forces have to change their role
strategies towards the national development sector with their huge man power and high
standard technology. On that aspect Sri Lanka government had already planned to get the
maximum contribution of the tri forces for the national development of the Sri Lanka.

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The Post War Scenario and its Importance for the Economy of Sri Lanka.

17. Brief History of the Sri Lankan Economy. The war had lasted nearly three decades.
During that period it had influenced the Sri Lankan economy, culture, and day to day life of
the common people as well. The war extensively damaged housing, roads, bridges,
commercial and state property, irrigation system, machinery, communications systems,
plantations and fisheries. The total cost of replacement of assets and houses, and cost of
damages and property in the North and East amount to Rs. 296.5 billion and total cost of
property damaged outside the North and East amounts to Rs. 32.7 billion. (Based on 2001
prices). In this situation Sri Lanka as a third world country has gone economically under
severe threat in spite of its effort of the Open Economic Policy as the first country in the
South Asia. Therefore, the government will have to find immediate solution to rebuild the
economy and enhance the living standard of the citizen, especially the people who were
directly affected by war.

Contribution of Tri Forces to the National Development of the nation.

18. There are many development projects conducted in north and east area with the help
of the tri forces. Not only had the northern and eastern areas, tri forces been involved in
development projects in all over the country. We can categorise the contribution of the tri
forces for the national development according to main two sectors. They are

a. Contribution to the Economic growth

b. Contribution to the Social wellbeing.

19. To emphasize those to sectors we have taken three sub sectors in national
development as Security, Training and development. This research mainly focusing on those
three areas and through that, it emphasizes the contribution of tri forces for the national
development of Sri Lanka beyond the military task.

20. Before any meaningful development activities can take place in the former theatre of
conflict the area had to be demined. It was suspected that the LTTE had heavily mined about
five thousand square kilometers of land. The entire demining process was prioritized,
carefully planned and executed. Priority areas were chosen to maximize efficiency and speedy
return of the IDPs. Towns and villages were first demined followed by agricultural areas and
forests. By June 2012, 469,275 antipersonnel mines, 1,399 anti-tank mines, and 388,963

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unexploded ordnance devices had been recovered by security forces and other demining
organizations. At present the demining process is completed successfully. This was the
beginning of the sustainable development in Sri Lanka. Soon Data analyze can be done by
how the security, training and development sectors enable to increase the economic growth
rate and uplift the Social wellbeing of the society.

Security

Fire Fighters of Sri Lanka Air Force

21. The Fire Fighters of Sri Lanka Air Force had contributed their services to the nation
by saving many lives and public properties in many times. It can be taken as a huge support to
the national development since this helped to secure the security of the civil community of the
country from fire disasters which minimized damages caused from such disasters and
accidents. They are always well organized and coordinated with other emergency units of
national defense services and they are acting according to the requirement with full alertness
whether day or night. There were so many incidents in the past which Sri Lanka Air Force
fire fighters faced successfully. For instances the incident of fire of Colombo Harbor is one of
many such brave response. Sri Lanka Air Force Firefighters responded to a call for assistance
from the Police Emergency Response Unit, seeking immediate firefighting assistance to
extinguish the fire which broke out in an inbound cargo warehouse at a container terminal in
the Colombo port, during the early hours of 24th May 2013.

22.. The Sri Lanka Air Force Station Colombo dispatched a fire vehicle with water
bowser and a crew of ten members swiftly to the location and managed to douse the fire.
They were part of the response team which is reported to have included a total of seven
fire tenders, two Bronco Sky lift and two incident control vehicle which were from the
Colombo Fire Brigade, Sri Lanka Port Authority, Fire Brigade, Dockyard Fire Section and the
Sri Lanka Air Force .Due to the prompt action taken by Sri Lanka Air Force and sister fire
services, the fire was prevented from spreading to the surrounding buildings and thereby
minimized the damage caused. When we consider the island wide service of Sri Lanka
Air Force fire fighters, Ampara incident is a classic example. On a request by the Police in
Ampara Sri Lanka Air Force Fire Fighters equipped with a super truck fire vehicle and water
Bowser were deployed on 19th June 2013 at 11.30 hrs to tackle a fire which had broken out in
a store which contained discarded mattresses. The Sri Lanka Air Force fire fighters success-
-fully extinguished the fire averting further damage.

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Disaster Management

23. Disaster management can also be done by the forces very effectively. Presently, the
forces also give their maximum contributions to disasters faced by the nation. For example, it
is easy to highlight the work done by the forces during Tsunami disaster in 2004 and flooding
and land sliding in Rathanapura in 2003. In those situations the military forces did rescue
operations, evacuations, supplying of foods, clothes and other required items, providing
medical facilities and many more things to get civilian life back to normal. The Navy and the
Air Force are more vital in these situations than the ground forces. When challenging the sea
disasters role of Navy boats, divers are significant. The Air Force planes can be used for
quick transportation, and get to the location where there are no other means of transport
available.

24. There are side advantages in using military forces in such kind of situations
too. Normally, these people are trained not to be panicked in serious situations;
therefore they can take the required action without any further damages. Using well
trained service personals is more effective and reliable rather than using normal
civilians as they have to be given prior training. Other than that the military forces
have a well-organized body and perfect management. Therefore, bribery and
corruption that occur in supplying and providing facilities through other means can be
minimized. Hence, disaster management in a post war scenario can be directly done
by military forces. So the tri forces are now combined with the disaster management
centre and doing this kind of operation by providing security to the nation and protect
the social wellbeing of the society.

Life Guard Services

25. Life guard service has been done by the military services as social work. Especially,
the Navy has kept their lifeguard teams in and around the country. This service can be
developed further to provide more safety for the people.

Training

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26. Training sector helps to increase the social well being of the society as it’s provided
high standard training for particular trainees. And mostly the main aim of these kinds of
training programs conducting by tri forces is to create a well disciplined society.
Rehabilitation programs for the victims of the war.

27. At the interview with the Director of the Ministry of Rehabilitation and Prison
reforms Mr A Dissanayaka, following details were obtained. With the end of war lot of LTTE
cadres surrendered to government forces. These people can directly be trained to assist the
national development. However, before releasing them into civil society they should be
rehabilitated. All there habitation programmes are being conducted under the Commissioner
General of Rehabilitation. Presently Maj. General Sudantha Ranasingha, RWP, RSP, psc is
the Commissioner General of all the rehabilitation programmes conducted by the Ministry of
Rehabilitation. Sri Lankan defence services had launched a five year strategy (2008-2012) to
disarm, emobilize, and rehabilitate misguided armed personnel and successfully integrate
them into their families and communities as individuals with positive attitude, employable
skills and leadership aptitude. The Bureau of the Commissioner General of Rehabilitation
(BCGR) has stated that 11698 ex-combatants have been identified and earmarked for
rehabilitation. And the successful result of this strategic plan is currently seen by every citizen
of the country.

28. With the influx of such a large number of ex-combatants and the expanded support of
the Ministry of Defence and the military the bureau in a pursuit of its goals has established
new centres and expanded the existing Rehabilitation centres and widened the programs.
According to the publication of Ministry of Rehabilitation and Prison reforms “progress of
year 2010 and the Future vision”, the details of Rehabilitation programmes and the progress
of implementing them is based on the vision of His Excellency the president to serve the
misguided ex-combatants who voluntarily surrendered or were identified as such, to become
useful citizens of the society. Thus, building the foundation for a lasting peace is on progress.

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Table 4.1

Information on Rehabilitees under Purview of the Bureau of the Commissioner General of

Rehabilitation
No of Rehabilitant Person in
End of the War Reintegration
Rehabilitation Centres
No of Rehabilitated In 08 Rehabilitation Centres
No of Rehabilitees
Person effective on 05.07.2011
Female 2264 2130 100
Male 9400 5839 2846
Total 11,664 7969 2946
Soures;

29. The rehabilitated former combatants were gradually reintegrated into their societies.
Special provisions were made available to them to adjust to the new environment and also to
find ways of sustenance. A large number of these youth were recruited to the Civil Defense
Department. As a trust building initiative youth from the North and East were recruited to the
Police. Recently 100 Tamil females from Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu joined the Army. This
reflects the trust that the Northern masses have on the reconciliation process. Thousands of
Northern graduates have also received state sector employment.

30. Arrangements had been made to direct the trainees to rehabilitation

programmes who were over aged and who were unable to continue their school
education at the rehabilitation matters, by the bureau of the Commissioner Generals
Bureau Rehabilitation. Accordingly, vocational training programmes in various fields
were conducted by one government institution to the minor trainees. The following
are particulars of programmes;

31. Welding course for twenty seven male minor trainees was conducted by the
vocational training authority-Vauniya.

32. A course of electricity was commenced by vocational training authority for twenty
three male minor trainees.

33. A course of aluminium re-product was commenced by V.T.A vocational Training

Authority for twenty six male minor trainees.

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34. A course of carpentry was commenced by Vocational Training Authority

Vauniya for 12 male minor trainees.

35. Masonry course was commenced by vocational training authority for twenty
six male trainees.

36. School cadet training is done by the Tri Forces of Sir Lanka and up to now they have
established Army, Navy, Air Force school cadetting training from their Academies to
make disciplined society.

37. Tri forces are providing leadership training to the University students since 2009 and
it was successfully continued up to now.

38. Also Sri Lankan Tri forces are providing some limited training programs for other
government authorities to improve their leadership qualities. As example we can say that
General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University has providing leadership program for Port
authority.

Development

39. Development sector mostly helps to increase the Economic growth rate of the
country. And also some development projects are there they directly affect to uplift the social
wellbeing and gradually they help to increase the economic growth rate.

Infrastructure development

40. The government is now developing infrastructure facilities in north and east area so
that these areas can be used to get the maximum contribution to national economy, the
infrastructure such as proper roads, continuous supply of electricity and other facilities are
being developed.

41. The Government is also expanding the provision of electricity to the households in
the areas. In addition, projects on constructing the irrigation systems, water supply and
sanitation are also being carried out. Further, 24,863 families have been resettled in Jaffna

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District and a resettlement assistance of Rs 25,000 has been paid to 22,000 families.
Moreover, 147,800 cement bags and 98,208 roofing sheets have been delivered to the
resettled families. 24,219 families have received dried food. Besides, jungle clearance
activities have been completed in 72 Grama Niladari Divisions and 2,500 families have
benefitted. Under the “Nagenahira Navodaya” program with a total estimated expenditure of
RS.197 billion as well as with the “Wadakkil Wasantham” programme with a total estimated
cost of RS.295 billion, several measures have been taken to expedite the development and
rehabilitation activities of transportation, communication, water supply, electricity and
energy”(CBSL,2010). At present, there is a vast infrastructure development which will
support the country to achieve a high and sustainable growth. “Both the construction of
highways, expressways, bridges, and rehabilitation of existing roads and other rural roads
were launched in 2010 under the “Maga Naguma” program. The road passenger
transportation, rail and bus transportation, port services and air transportation have been
established under the projects” (CBSL, 2010). Under the “Nagenahira Navodaya” program,
which was launched to expedite development activities in the region, a high priority was
given to the development of the Port of Oluvil in the Eastern Province. The Port of Oluvil will
form the South Eastern link in developing the coastal harbours of the country. It will also
provide a more convenient and cost effective access to the South Eastern Region.

42. Most of government construction projects were done by armed forces in addition to
eastern and northern development projects. Especially General Sir John Kotelawala Defence
University Medical faculty was built by Sri Lanka Army and new engineering faculty is
building by Sri Lanka Air Force.

43. Abimansala housing project, Mihindu seth Madura conducting by Sri Lanka army,
are allocated to differently able soldiers of the tri forces. It provides lot of courage to them
and also these kind of projects helps to uplift the social wellbeing. “Api wenuwen api” project
conducting by Sri Lanka tri forces also giving maximum contribution to uplift trhe social
wellbeing.

Sport Development

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44. Tri forces has involved in sport development providing high standard facilities. And
also they are maintaining the playgrounds and protect them using man power of the Tri
Forces.

45. The army is involved in other nation building projects in constructing SuriyaWewa,
Pallekelle and Khettarama Cricket Stadiums, public grounds–Biyagama MahindaRajapaksa
Sports Complex and rehabilitating tanks in Wilpattu National Park. Apart from Army’s
contribution for nation building projects, the Army is doing work with the Urban
Development Authority.

Agricultural Development

46. The Army is also involved in agricultural work in a big way. They have taken over
some of the former LTTE farms in the North - Udayarkattukulam, Vellankulam and
Nachchikuda. In Kandekadu in the East, Army has an agri-project with the help of the
rehabilitated ex-combatants. Sri Lanka Air Force has cultivated paddy in Batticaloa,
Morawewa, Hingurakgoda and Ampara areas with the assistance of Air Force personnel
under the “ApiWawamu Rata Nagamu” programme.

47. Sri Lanka Air Force has already commenced dairy farming and poultry in every bases
and stations. They have assisted in the resettlement of families to begin paddy cultivation.

Tourism
.
48. Tri Forces have established their own resorts and hotels. Proceeds from such facilities
are channeled into the welfare/rehabilitation of the Tri Force personnel/their families,
including personnel who have been disabled/injured in action, and the family members of war
heroes who gave up their lives for the future of Sri Lanka. The project also nurtures the
nation-building initiatives of the government's post-conflict tourism promotions in the North
and the East. Such hotels and resorts are fully equipped to cater to every need, and to serve as
a venue for corporate events such as conferences and workshops. For instance the Yacht
Restaurant offers a delicious fresh seafood menu that includes both Sri Lankan and
international dishes, and their staffs are always on hand to make sure the customers feel at
home. The beach front ’Eagles’ Nook’ bar serves both local and imported spirits, and is the
ideal venue for a sundowner by the sea..Sri Lanka Army also maintaining some sort of
projects to contribute their service to develop the tourism sector as Sri Lanka Air Force.

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49. In addition to this, Sri Lanka Air Force has conducting Heli Tours program by
providing great contribution to the tourism. Also recently Army has established a travel
company which provides air fares and tours at extremely reasonable cost. In addition navy is
already providing jetliner services.

50. The Tourism industry has started to bloom resulting with the elimination of the LTTE
conflict. The Government targets to generate 500,000 direct and indirect employments in the
tourism industry by 2016. Livelihood and economic development are the main focus of
developing the tourism industry in the North and East.

51. There are several beautiful tourism attractions along the Sri Lankan coastal belt,
including Pasikkuda, Punnakkuda in the Batticaloa district, Arugambay in the Ampara
district and Nilaveli, Kuchchaveli, Marble beach and the Trincomalee Fort. Apart
from this, Sri Lanka also has one of the richest cultural attractions in this region. So Tri
Forces can undertake new projects to utilize this aspect for the promotion of tourism industry.

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

52. Security of a country generally means the survival of the country by using its
economic, military and political power and the effective exercise of the diplomacy.
The roles of each component largely involved in the role of National Security. A
country cannot maintain high level of National Defence giving priority to only one of
the above-mentioned components since each component is utmost importance.
Moreover, to uplift the standards of the economy, military and political power and the
exercise of diplomacy cannot be done focussing them separately. Thus, the holistic
approach is ideal in this regard.

53. Presently, Sri Lanka has trodden in a progressive path to be developed as one
of the prominent countries in Asia. This trend initiated immediately after eradicating
brutal terrorism which severely affected the development and the defence of Sri
Lanka for almost thirty years. Accordingly, the role of the security has become one of
the major concerns among the citizens, political bodies, scholars and all who are
interested in the well-being of the country.

54. Even today the agriculture of Sri Lanka is in a drowned position. It has no
qualitative and quantitative efficiency of the productions. It cannot even fulfil the
national requirement. Therefore, military people can effectively help to agriculture
development. Farming is also another trade, which we can consider.

55. It has been observed that there are large scales of well-built camp sites, grass
grown lands, man power and number of vehicles which belong to the security forces.
In the post war scenario especially as a developing country we can utilize those
resources to cover many aspects for the sake of foster agricultural reforms of the
country. Involvement of military personnel in development projects is another aspect
that we can consider in post war scenario. They can give their support to Construction
projects such as housing, irrigations, cricket stadiums and other construction work. As
Tri Forces having a huge strength government should utilize it to its maximum extent.

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56. Soon after the war the maximum support of the armed forces were diverted for
demining, resettlement, and for rehabilitation projects. Developing infrastructure
facilities in war affected area were proven very affective, since undertaken by the try
forces. Armed forces have all facilities which are needed for the effective and rapid
completion of these tasks. They have well trained man power, machineries in every
field. So the utilization of these facilities for national economy development is key
factor in this post war scenario which would save the government a lot of time, money
and resources.

57. On the other hand the well trained soldiers of Sri Lankan military can quickly
adapt to any situation in any weather and any terrain. This has been proved in many
occasions such as railway strikes, hospital strikes, and disaster management. They are
having good potential to increase the productivity of those main exporting corps.

58. Other than the development projects role of military is to defend motherland
from external and internal threats. While supporting to rebuild economy they have to
carry out their general duties on behalf of the people living in the democratic social
republic of Sri Lanka.

Recommendations

59. Enhance the capacity of construction equipment, skills and knowledge for the
respective units. This will help the tri forces to cope up with the increasing demand
for the development projects. The more the tri forces involvement in such projects
will enable the government to complete such projects with a lower cost. Hence
contribution of tri forces in these development projects will help the government to
save a lot of money which could be utilized in funding other development and welfare
projects.

60. Sri Lanka Air Force can contribute to increase domestic air transport via the
Heli Tours. This will enable rapid movement of goods and people from rural areas
and urban areas. This can directly help to increase the economic growth and
development of rural areas as well. The Air Travels Services Pvt Ltd, which was
founded by Sri Lanka Army, can be expanded to provide domestic air travel. Sri

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Lanka Navy can develop and expand the canal boat service which they are already
providing to the General Public along Kirulapona Canal between Wellawatte and
Nawala for public convenience. They can also start speed boat travel service among
other attractive destinations. Such contributions from tri forces will provide chance
for the public to choose from a variety of travel options which will suit them the most.
Availability of such convenience will attract tourists as well. So this will help to
develop the tourism sector and hence increase the foreign income of the country.

61. Enhance the leadership training which is given to the University students.
Since discipline is totally lacking in the government Universities, these training
programs can help to build a well-disciplined youth. And from such training programs
student will be moulded and motivated towards their studies. This will help to
produce highly determined professionals and they will contribute their maximum to
the development of the country.

62. Since now there is no war, the tri forces have transformed their role from
counter insurgency or combating terrorism to civil or social security. Tri forces can
extend their helping hand to the law enforcement authorities in apprehending
criminals and assist such agencies as much as possible.

63. Also tri forces can conduct public awareness and training programs regarding
how to act during any kind of disaster. Such programs will help to minimize the
casualties and damages to properties from disasters. In addition tri forces can
establish, though not big, fire fighting units in all the bases of tri forces. This way the
entire country can be easily covered and quick reaction to fire accidents can be
rendered.

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REFERENCES

a. General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, (2011). Challenges of post

conflict Sri Lanka, outcomes of symposium: 18-19 August 2011, pages 8-107.

b. Ministry of Defence and Urban Development Web site,

http://www.defence.lk, http://www.defence.lk/new.asp?
fname=development_past_news_2013, visited on 19, 20 and 27 of July 2013, 5, 10,
16, 22, 25 and 26 of August 2013.

c. Sri Lanka Army Web site, http://www.army.lk/, visited on 12, 17, 29 and 30
of July, 10, 15 and 19 of August 2013.

d. Sri Lanka Navy Web site, http://www.navy.lk/, visited on 13, 16, 29 and
30 of July, 11, 17 and 22of August 2013.

e. Sri Lanka Air Force Web site,http://www.airforce.lk/, visited on 8, 15, 18 and

27 of July 2013, 6, 7, 14, 19, 20, 26 of August 2013.

f. Whale watching Web site, http://whalewatching.navy.lk/, Sri Lanka Navy,

visited on 11th August 2013.

g. How Sri Lanka Coast Guard can assist in addressing maritime security
concerns, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Symposium – 2012,
Presented by Lt Cdr R Joseph, Published on 23 August 2012.

h. IUU Fishing in SL Waters and National Security Concerns, General Sir John
Kotelawala Defence University Symposium – 2012, Presented By Vice Admiral
Jayanath ColombageRSP, VSV, USP, rcds, psc, MSc (DS), MA (IS), Dip in IR, Dip
in CR, AFNI (Lond), Published on 23 August 2012.

i. Sober Island Resort Web site, http://soberisland.navy.lk/, Sri Lanka Navy,

http://soberisland.navy.lk/, visited on 29th of July 2013.

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j. Sri Lanka Air Force News link, http://www.airforce.lk/news-main.php, visited

on 17th of July 2013, 10, 15,19,20,24 of August 2013

k. Air Travel Services Pvt Ltd Web site, http://www.airtravel-services.com/,

visited on 5th of August 2013.

l. Sri Lanka Army Nation Building link, http://www.army.lk/cimickln.php,

visited on 21st of July 2013, 10, 14, 17, and 24 of August 2013.

m. Gerneral Sir Kotelawala Defence University, www.kdu.ac.lk/faulty-of-

defence-and.../CHAPTER%2004.pdf, accessed on 15th of August 2013.

n. Bureau of the Commissioner General of Rehabilitation Web Site,

http://www.bcgr.gov.lk/, (Accessed on 12th of August 2013 and 2nd of September
2013).

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