lassying Numbers - 1 INTRODUCTORY TOPICS. 3 The mpi Sgn. - 3 Proving Simple ents. a s 9 Difference of Two Squares, Simple inequales. Diving Paton : Solving Quadratic Equations. Be INDICES Smplivng indies 10 Solving Equation ivoing ncees 7 2 1 SURDS cnn ‘Smpliyng Sur, 3 Ratonasing the Denominator. 4 'S. PASCAL'S TRIANGLE... ‘6. PARTIAL FRACTIONS... Para Fractions Mixed Types iscetaneocs Weston. 2 17. THE REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREMS. ae “The Remainder Theorem. n The Factor Theorem 2 Miscelaneous Questions 2s 3. LOGARITHMS. . 2 Solving Seultaneous Equatons involving Lgarithns. eon 31 scelaneous Questions 2 ‘9, QUADRATICEQUATIONS. 7 4 Completing the Square a The Root ofa Quadratic uation 3s Sum and Prod of Rots so 38410, FUNCTIONS. Reltionshps. Graphs of Functions. 40 Domain and Range from a Graph a Finaing the vornain ana Range ofa given Function 8 Composite Functions. 4s ‘The Domain ofa Compete Function a Inverse Functions “3 Miselaneous Questions 51 112. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS AND INEQUALITIES, ‘The Graph ofa Quackate Function, 33 Quadratic nequaities, 3s Miscellaneous Questions. 12, CUBIC FUNCTIONS AND INEQUALITE.. The Graph of «Cubic Function, se Cubic equates. s 59 Miscellaneous Questions 0 13, CURVE SKETCHING, vm 61 ‘Transformations: Translations, Reflections, Stretches 61 Combining Transformations 3 Further Functions and Curve Sketching. 6s Points of intersection and Number of Solutions 6 ‘pit, Even and Os Functions or 14, COORDINATE GEOMETRY. Distance between Two Point ca Midpoint ry The Gradient of in, 70 Perpendicular Lines. n The Equation of a Stsight Line, 2 Points of intersection 4 Other Properties 75 Miscollneous Questions - 7% toa. ” 16, TRIGONOMETRY. 35. CIRCLES. ‘The Equation ef Cirle. 7% Tangentst0 a Gee enn 78 Intersecting, Touching and Orthogonal Cils se 80 Miscellaneous Questions. at Degrees and Radian... se Length of rand Area of Sector. os 8s ‘Tigonometre Functions. os 86 Solving Tigonometrc Equations. 87 ‘The Pythagorean lentes vs se 8 ‘The Compound Angle Identities. 9 Harmonie Funetions. sss se 9B ‘The Double Angle denies. 7 95 ‘The Formulae sos so The Factor Formulae 98 Smal Angle Approximations. snes 9 Miscellaneous Questions 100 17, DIFFERENTIATION. ferentiting 103 Stationary Pies snd Stationary Values. 108 Aplications of Tuning Pints 107 ferentiting Trigonometric FURtONS nner se AD The Exponent Function and its Derivative. os veo 11 ‘The Logarithm Funtion and its Derwatve. m Ditfrentitoga Function of Function. a 3 Function of fanetion ~ Further Question vn cone 1S Ditferentitrg Products. a7 Ditferentitng Qotients : us Products and Quotients~ Further Questions. smn 19 Products and Quotient ~ Curve Sketching eee 20 Products and Guotients— Apples essen : 32 Impl oitferenation, a4 Parametric DiFerentation, 25Implicit & Parametric Further Question. se Logrithic Differentieh nnn — 130 Rates of change. os 131 418, INTEGRATION. 136 Integrating Constants, x and (ax+ 5° os 136 Integrating Tigonometie Futons scene 138 Integrating Exponential nd Rational Functions. v9 tnegratng os 140 Standard Results Mined Types aa Integration by Change of Variable 7 108 Integration by Parts os os so 106 Intearatng Fractions son 107 Integrating Fractions = Med Types os us Integrating Harder Tigonameri Expressions. 7 10 Integration ~All Types 7 - os 182 Integration by Substitution, 156 Different Equations with Separable Variables. 156 Applications of iferenta Equations, 38 Dette inagration. - os 60 Finding Area using itepr2t0n o 162 The Mesn Value of Function 165 The Trapedum Rule and Simpson's Rule 166 Miscllane>4s Questions 119. SEQUENCES AND SERIES... The Sigma Notation ‘Arithmetic Progressions, mm ‘The Sum ofan Aithmetc Progression ve 8 Geometric Progrs80RS nnn ao The Sum ofa Geometric Progression vee 9 ‘The Sum tolfinty ofa Geometric Progression, on Miscellaneous Questions cr 20, MODULUS FUNCTION: 108, Stotehine Geaphe of Moduli Functions 186 Solving Equation ivoblng Modulus Functions 187 1 Modul inequalities. 7 21, VECTORS os ‘Vector Representation, Magnitude and Dretion. 199 } ‘The Cartesian Frame olReference & Position Vectors. 11 Unit Vectors and Diection Ratios 193 ‘The Scaler (Dot) Product and Vector Components 194 Lines in 30. 197 Intersection of nes ard Angle between Two Lines. 7 Miscellaneous Questions 22, MATRICES nn ‘ite, Aston, Subtraction and Equality of Matrices. 203 Matrix Mltieation, 205 I The Determinat,Transpose and Ierse ofa Matrix 206 | Transformations n 20 Space. 109 23. COMPLEX NUMBERS... Definitions and Basie Operations. = a Polynomial Equations iwolving Complex Root. as ‘he Modulus and Argument of 2 Complex Number. a7 ‘he Polar Fem of Complex Number 28 Miscellaneous Questions. 7 ANSWERS son INOTES & FORMULAE.E SESE woices INDICES Simplifying Indices EXERCISE 3A 1. Simp ort oye @ @x-H*Ox-" of Got oor 2pP Gar © 1 +9") @ Gory > ray 2. Simplify: @ @y @ wo" ey © BOF @ xx? ot ¢ wy Bor © pip © spay! @) Gey ws om (anion) Un ( 22GQ" on © OF © Cm"? c2e'¥@y'y Oe & yyy? our p?y'¢" © 67 @ aed © Quix @ A-yy"G-y9" ast or @ See xy © PY © eyery eyoy aie'y'Y 0 © Pere’ oF! 9 LEO FuSimply: @ ae (by att @ valet © piptp? a apt oe Pe ; 0 viel 9 oy gy SE on" Ix? ota (9) SNS oy {(sx-3y° | Evaluate te fllowing without using calulators @ 2x5" 6x ist oer shest oF of) (2) ; () (049) @ aay? (8) (0.008) @ a2yt (9) 1x2 west (@) #04) velVewve) sest Jest @ # 5 OT ea ryt rosy Iwoices ory! 3x40! aa oF bey @ See Ivy wot ons stot 0 ty © 0.097" (1 0.00032) ws? @ el? VF) pat osSolving Equations involving Indices EXERCISE 3B 1. Solve the following equations @2- (#25 © @ ne @ 9-16 © a 100 x xt op » 5m Saas : Baie 10 16 o (&) 1000-45 =0 © #-16e"=0 2. Solve the fllowing equation: @ ates ans © <6 @ sete (@ 9x!-5=0 9 tam @x @ wi-= 3 cquations: (9 si-st-200 0) 28-a8hs1-0 (© 10s 954-1 oe +20 (@) 32x =330'-1 (0) 8x =994-1 4. Solve the following equations (g) xd a8 (h) 1 @ V2" =8 f ® 0 oa -(! (@) 3°" 28x3"4+9=0 — (e) P-3x2" +120 () 2 =9%2""'-32sunos SE SURDS Simplifying Surds EXERCISE 4A 1. Simplify, leaving your answers in the simplest sud form: @ v0 V8 oe wos © var ova @ vi80 hy ¥500 9 3000 o 8 & 0 Ro oii (o) i806 ON ) 396 @ oR 0 VaR 6) 2" wy V54q" (a) Vi9as 2. Simpify @ NEWNE 0) 4B-NE © Arie (@ SM10+15VT0-12Vi0(@) 22V6-V54 (© 18Vi1-V1100 @ Bis (0) VOWS +5 VE +Y300-V75 ©) ITB + FOV) VSE+ SRE + VEST) 9VET6 + V0 VaR 3. Expand and simplify: - (@ V3(3v3-s) by V3(V27 53) © 25(6v5 +2) WIT (5 NVRE+2) © (NR) @ (ViR-1)(VE42) a (Ve 4) E-2)48 © (SYP ~3)(-NB) © (W-WWT)——da (2V5-V5) aE V5) (E+ VT) VE-W9) saive wi =16/5-VF. 5S. Espand and simply (443/2)(1-V3)(2~-Y8). (6. Expand and simplify (3-5) 1. Given a+ ¥2 =7-v2, find the integers a and 2.aS ‘suRDS. Rationalising the Denominator EXERCISE 4B 1. Rationale the denominator ofthe following factions: 2 s oF oF of “ 8 oF os oF 0 9 2 oy OF oF & avi iB o% w™ » S Be ON (ny 1252 ws Ve oR oe oO 2 Raton alse the denominator of the following fractions oe oa oe oe 7 i o & wx a ie RR FOE oy Te Nera 3 BT 3. Show tit “S77 isan integer and find its vale. oF eger and find its vah Vi8 + 98 4 stow ta AE gra ae ( 5. Show tt 4.2 26, were his natal numb wt a6 where kis a natura rhe 1 ‘SuRDS NBs 6. Show that IS = V3, where g isa natural number. 3 Va 1, tape 225 ie om pig whe pg ae ge wien asi ess inthe form 222° wher a, band ae integers & Epes Si a 9. Express 85) in the orm pe V5, where and ate integers. aes 22 10. Simplify ese 3 5 11, Simplify 2 mY TE 24 mpi + Smelly O53 3h = 13, Show that eve 2 (1s v8Nl2+ 3)(7-1) 14, Simpif i ‘ind si (v3+2)(3-v2) 18. Simi Ee aT oy (6409) 3-1-2) (5/2 -4)(sv3-9)(i+V2) + where pis a whole number. One side of rectangle measures (7+V3)em. The area ofthe rectangle is 24m? Find thetngh ofthe other sie. ‘Two sides ofa wiangle measure (4~-J7)em and x om. ‘The angle between them is 30". The are of the wang (54-7) em”, Find 19. Shove that 2 Wir Sei) 6 BRB SS— PASCAL TRIANGLE PASCAL’S TRIANGLE EXERCISE 5A 2 3 4 Expand the fllowing by using Pascal's Triangle: ©) Gay © dey © tin (© (+3) (© 0429 0 43x @ (-3) ) -6xy" 0 (oan @ (ery (&) (1-8eyt @ (1+vey" (leva ( (e245) © (us) @ (3p of J -Expant the following by using Pascal's Triangle: © wy? © t+" (© (oe (@ ex} (© (42x? 0 6» @ @+387 0) (297° © as O 679 0) Gr-ayy" © @esnyy mer aa (0) (sy! 0) (ii+s)" (@ (2-248) © (ens) © (24) 0 [6 () (ood) Expand nd simpy @ (145) @ +8)" (b) (1-¥7)" (© (s-2v3)" (© (1422) © (e-n5y" Expand nd simplify ©) deaxt—ay Maram27 © deren" @ +80) O-x (@) (+¥G 25) © dexeyy | — vascars TANGLE ESTOS EXERCISE 5B |, Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (1+3x)* 2. Ftd the coefficient of s* in the expansion of (2~ x)* 3. Find the coefficient of + in the expansion of (3+ 4x) A. Find the coefficient of sin the expansion of (1+x){1~2s)* |S. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (5~3x)(2-3xf ‘6. Expand (1+x)" and hence evaluate 1.1" without using calculators 7. Expand (+2)* aad hence evaluate 1.02* without using caleulatos 8. Expand (63) Use a suitable substitution to find the value of i.03) 9, Expand (14+4x)* and hence evaluate 1.08 to four decimal places, without using caleulstors, 0. Expand (1-x)* and hence evaluste 0.99% to four decimal paces, without using caleulator Write the irs thre terms inthe expansion of (173), in ascending powers ofx. Use these terms to find an approximate value for (0.993)*, What is tke percentage error in this result? Comment onthe accuracy of your answer. 12. Evaluate (1+ 2)’ +(1-V2)" 13, Evaluate (3+) +(3 -v3)" 14. Show that (x+y)'-+(x-y) (Ve +5)" +(e)" (x4 +6x'y" +94), and hence find the value of Is: sovoa (1-2) s(i-3) werden bade on inca 16. Show that (+: (14237 +(1-28" + (1-22)! = 280" +403" +1). Hence, show that the equation ‘has no real solutions 17, Show that (1~32)'—(1-4x)’ =Blx*—44e' 465°, Hence, shew that the equation (1-33)'—(1=42? =0 has two, real, equal solutions, and two non-real solutions. me aoR vor recrens PARTIAL FRACTIONS EXERCISE 6A | Express the following nto partial factions e-19 KD 42-29 2-6 ® Be @ & © © 2° -70x425 aes) @) © ) —lr426 © Ee Br +50r+48 @ Bessieeas Ho Ke+10) @ alse eer 3x17 466 (@) Eat 6 © na ers Se418 oa Express the following iio partial factions: 9x ~6es14 ORES © 0 ® ) 8 GH Bee Gs 26-5 30342 ( 22x20 eT) (4) 98829 2e+5\3x=1) @ Isa Ges o 212 +4e=107 Bree oF 2 aSe tbr Be 16045 (etyraress) GF 32Gr-2) 10x41 GF ney @ Se29 a | 3. Express the following into partial fractions: 9xix-3) Gne=7 26x" —3—48 ane ox +23%+10 AD © © © 2-95-13 ey ® PARTIALRACTIONS [EE 4295490 oH 4r19 emes 2022s’ 10x+) 168 © @ 0 $x =1984111 © SG-7 4, Express the following improper fractions into pata fractions Beyn4 G3K 4x s3e-1 (er9 261-50 g (x-6)x44) (p 2asszies36 (e+ +4) 4c s3x-6 > (e+ )G +342) ° (6x—1\(x+1) + Express the factions in question Sino partial factions. 498-8 ) Be iv (a= T#2) 2s 47 43404 Patras © Sade 4x 4165-14 Gaar= Se -11s* ~B1x+162 oe © 0 285420) 16 252 w # 2x +144 56 o| a PARTIAL FRACTIONS Partial Fractions ~ Mixed Types EXERCISE 68 Express the following into partial fractions 135 +30 2 (1-20? +13), 5 (x=5\r=2) 25x? 457x138 ° (x43) +4)Gx-5) 10 (Q2x+3G042) rr P47: : ae _ sites . pares) we este @ tg, SE+Hs?-26-20 Deer) 2. 2-18 3 a le +30 P=9K 2 ae 3, aetna ¥3r—5 e ° 7 182-2642 25-2 - 2 (730° +) OF +35) 5, 8 Rees esie ay, Mitte 26, $02 #31e2 244-10 +N) 21-16 on @x+2\e419 (r+ a? 410249) * Pa =the PARTIAL FRACTIONS | Miscellaneous Questions EXERCISE 6C 1 xpress ———— ino pari factions and hence prove tha: 1 Brress yaaa) mea a pot 2 CIT SET oT \ 2 ges SE in pail tons nd ene prove th 1 afa,m 4s 125241" Ges) x2 G2) o4s-8 in part Factons an hens prove hat 3 48 pl at eth arate ot era 3esBe-185 4, 8 46 Ginen SEHSERIBS 5 44 —F4 C, ne he vale of 4 and fi vas of “ (e+ 10X25) +10 x5 Band, 5, Given A+ BN42+9)2 542 Cin the values of 4, B and C. (Gre T2x43) aeeT Dead 14 4,8 6 Bap et a item A 7 Bane TE inp fasion, FESS press y in the form A+—2—+—C—. Hence, of #5410) 33" 2al otherwise, find the value that y approaches as xem (i.e, a x takes very large Positive values), 8 Given y. Heine, ut ullerwise, fad the 9 Given y= ZEEE), capucas y ints pasta Santon ee), Value that y approaches as x» 40. What do you deduce about the shape ofthe curve ‘with the given equation, in the region where >? (Look up the term “asymprote') eeD) PRES TeKmcerwe pcr erc THE REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREMS The Remainder Theorem EXERCISE 7A 1. Find the remainder when: (a) x°450~3 isdivided by 1 (6) 31°-2047 is divided by x44 (©) 21434" ~ 62-19 is divided by x2 (@ 30° ,-—,v—X—”’— —_—oovm|| GARRET cuiceancequarions cuonnetavmons QUADRATIC EQUATIONS The Roots of a Quadratic Equation EXERCISE 9B Completing the Square 1. Find the nature of the roots of he following equations EXERCISE 9A (@) BV +6r4120 (1082 (©) 26 4244! (48 428-1 oar uy ()9FH6r4120 0) Sx 2eeI=0 @ 1822-38 oF ) P32 (HDT @ (= 2\2e4= H(042) 12 oo Ges 2 Oey 10x=0 |. Add the appropriate constant to form a perfect square, and fatorise (6) F484 ox (@ S430¢_ () P—5e4_ (0) edpee (b) Pare © Pepe Lit 103+ =0 has 1wo equal roos. 2, Find pit Solve the following equation by completing the square ~Br-2=0 (9 #941220 3, Find gif 2gc +gr+q~7 has repeated factor. ase (3 +4ec+i=0 0 58 44s-un0 () Beane 4, Finds if (s+3)s° +r] isa perfect square, @ ae s2ar4320 Ch) ators 5, Show that px?-+9x— p=0 has el, dstnet rots for any ral value ofp. 6. Show that, whatever value g takes, ° +gr-+3(q' +1) =0 will never have rea rats. [Express the following in the form (x-+a)? +6: 2 gtd @) P+6r419 () 981420 (© Feace 1. Find kif fa r= 12° has equal roots (@ 828-3 (© 8 H10r430 ( ¥-16r450 8. Find relationship between p and g ifthe root of pr’ + gx p+1=0 are equal. (@) 4x41 (b) x 3045 @ Sr apsvie * ° . 9. Show tha the roots of gx? +2px+ p~ 2g O ae real for any real value of pand g Find the positive imtegers p,q and rif 9x? 4184 11 (preg)? 10, Show tat the equation «2s -+3 has real, distnet roots for any real value ok Express 4x +8443 in the form o(x+8)? +e and hence find the least value ef 11, Show that there is no real value ofp for which the equation px*+(3p+2)2=3p-2 4x2-+8x4+3. At which value of x does this occur? ‘has equal roots. Bexes Express f(s) = 6-6-2" inthe form A~(x-+2) and ceduee the maximum value of 12. Given y= and that is real, show that y” —10y'42120 J) 7 Ply: x2 Given f(a) =2s° +4047, express (2) inthe form A(e+ B)-4C., Hence: 13. Show tha the curve y=? 4x5 and the fine y-=x+1 intersect at two points and find the coordinates of these points (@) explain why J() takes only postive values, the coordinates of these point (©) state the minimum value of f(x) I4. Express f(x) = x° +6x+10 in the form (x+a)' +b and state the minimum value of (© site he maximum value of L 443). Pot the gap of tis quadratic factn in the region ~7¢ 1. Sho, bah f@) ‘aphically and algebraically, that the curve ? +6x+10 and the line y=1+2x do. totic(GOP avsoranccauanions quroranic EQUATIONS ESE Sum and Product of Roots Find & ifthe product ofthe roots ofthe equation fas A? = 4x11 is 14, SumandProductofRoots EXERCISE 9¢ Ifa and fare the roots of 3x° ~x+2=0, find the equation with roots 3a and 3. | Find the sum and product ofthe roots ofthe following equations: 7 ae and fare the roots of Sx°~x+10= 0, find the equation with roots +. and (@) 444920 (© 4P +8r-11<0 (@) 3x? 542 ( 9-250 Wer and fare the roots of 2? +3: @ aet3 6. find the equation with roots a6 and () 6P-1x=0 © pe-tieep=0 hy) (grs'~2grs6=0 (I) bx 4(b4e)x-e=0 Ife and are the rots of 4x° +125— e find the equation with roots a? and Ifa and ff are the roots of 6° ~ 2x+1=, find the equation with roots © ané 4 ‘Write the equation whose rots have the following sum and product: (@) Sand7 (6) 3nd 2 (©) ~6 and -1 = a and fare the roots of 31°—86+5=0, find the equation with roots 4+ (@) $ andy (© -} and 0 and : and 44 (@) pand 9 (8) and ab hand 42 Us and se (© E and -$ ( dana } Ifa and fare the roots of x? +7x~6= 0, find the equati with roots a? and Ifa and fare the roots of 2x° +2+8= 0, find the equation with roots a —f and pra. Wa and 9 are the roots of 3:°— +2 = find the values of: @ arp 0) a) @ 2 © ap oF ia and fare the roots of 2 +x~3 0, find the equation with roots and A © $8 © @+6xp+6) f bs rime or moa a Bee 0 8 Bae © @p+ha « e Fn the equation whose roots are S more than those of 8x°~3r+1=0 Oop Fd the equation whose rots are the reciprocals of those of 4x” +13x— Fd the equation whose roots are minus those of 9x? +12s~5=0 Wa and are the roots of. bete= find the vals of 22,28 sae Find the equation whose roots are one third those of x°-+25— © wt Oe ad . Find the equation whose roots are the squares of those of 4° —10s+ © apr Pa @ ap (© (a-pxp-a) | ia and are the roots of at” +bx-+¢= 0, find the equation With rot: @ op M0) ang © ands © @ and p*(APARESIETEN avaonanceauarions 21. 1a? and are the roots of x*~26x+25=0, find the equation with roots a and i, given that a and fare postive 22. One of the roots ofthe equation x? —18%-4 is five times the other. Find 23. One ofthe roots ofthe equation 81° 6+ isthe square of the other, Find. 24, Find c if one of the 100 of the equation 5x” 26r+e=0 is the reciprocal of the other B, (One of the roots of the equation x°+gx—18=0 is twice the other, but of opposite sign, Find q 26. Find kif one of the roots of the equation x? = ky~16 is six more than the other. 27. One of the rots of the equation ax? +bx-+¢0 is m times the other, Show that nb = aot 28. One of the roots ofthe equation ax’ integer (3a+1)x+30 is six times the other. Find the 29. One of the roots ofthe equation x*—10x-+ p=0 isthe cube ofthe other. Given the ‘oot are real, ind p 30, The roots a and fof ax*+br-+e=0 are relsted by the equation ai" =2. Show that 4a? ++ 2abe: BI. Given a and ate the roots of x°+ pr+24=0, prove that (a f)*= p96 Hence, find the possible values of p, given thatthe roots of the given quadratic equation differ by 5. "82, Given cr and fare the roots of 2x° +103-+1=0, find a+ f° and deduce the valve t 1 of a4", Form the equation with rots a+! and p+. B a ar Given @ and fare the roots of x*+(k-+I)s+k-Se0, show that 2a-+a and 28-+aB are the roots of a quadratic equation ofthe forin °-+12x++ p=0, where pis an expression in terms of *H, The roots of x*—Squ+q? =O are @ and f., where a> f and 9>0. Find a? +f? fF nee 4, te gua gun wih ots aya 2 = asssIII_20IL&®_=. FUNCTIONS SEESINECD FUNCTIONS Relationships EXERCISE 108, For each ofthe following relationships: (@) \wrte the domain, co-domain and range () state whether the relationship is one-to-one (injective), many-4o-one, one- cn (©) sate whether the relationship s 8 function or not {@) ifthe relationship i a function, state whether iti an onto funetion or not rime lime Giocgio Napotand'} reptile ‘mammalPRES euncrons FUNCTIONS Graphs of Functions Domain and Range from a Graph EXERCISE 10B EXERCISE 10C For each ofthe following graphs: (a) state whether the graph represents a function (6) ifitrepresens a function, state it isa one-to-one o a many-to-one function. 2 he ~ ke x \Write he domain and range ofthe functions represented by the following wraphs: 1 wPASM vovcrons FuNONs Finding the Domain and Range of a given Function EXERCISE 10D Given fe)=Ir45, g(a)=VA-6 and x)= E22, write the domin of each function and find @ £2) &) a) © ma) © 1-0 © 8 WD @ £4) @ st) @ m3) 2. Given f(a) =54s*, (x)= lgGe-7) and (x)= \TFF4, write the domain of each {uneton and fin: @ £2) (©) 40-2) © e0) © (©) (12) © WD @ £0) (®) gt?) om 3, State the domain ofthe following functions: (@ yaxs9 ©) yas © y=loase-3) @ y=2-6 © y=late+7) (yore x46 45 ort o @ ya Viee6 yo? (a) y=5-2" (o) ysorit 0 » 4. State the domain ofthe folowing functions: @ yaPasr+1——) yeveri6 (@ yot8902 © y=lgQor+) & 13 is 7° 3e-1 x © yale? +5) yee y= Jax © pare s 1 (© y-laxt(REM Foicrion 5. Find the range of the following funtion: +5, for x613,2) (0) y=28+7, for vel-2,6 (@) y=ve, for v6(25,49] (0 y=5x°43, for seR (6) yaa, for xeR O y=4ss?, for 76 h2,3,4) ) y=Qre! @) yaVir6, for xef-6,30) (m) y=10", for x6R (0) y=2"43, for xeR (0) y= (5-4) +9, for xeR (©) y=r~5, for eR (@) y= (2#2)'-1, for xeR (© yer, forxeR (9 y=lex, for xfl100) yaaa", for xe 3x1, for 76 (2,4,6,8) Express /(s)=x° +8x-+21 in the form (x-+a)}-+6, and hence find tl Ere (+a)' +b, and hence find the range ofthis Express f(s)= 6x7 inthe form (x+0) +8, and bane find te ange of tis Express /(s)= 4x" #12010 in the form (ax)? +e, and hence fi this function, (ars0)'+6, and hence find the rage of Attila gon by f()=3" ea. Gn f)=4 a $29, inca Deduce the range of f(x). JON heen A funeton is given by f(«) = grb. Given /(6)=5 and f(7)=4, finda and b ‘Also write the domain of this fnetion, A function is given by f(x) =(x~6)° +7 (2) Write the domain and range of this function, () Sole f(x)=11 (©) Explain why the function isnot one-to-one. Given f(s)=P-1, gG)= VER, Me)=S-7, pl=2"46 and (x2), write the domain and range ofeach function and solve, or x eR. ) sa)=8 © s()=3 © Se)=49) © A)=10 © fG0=15 ©) as)= ) g(e-D=2 © pls)=20 © aany=s f°) =80 0 aaa a: FuNTIONS Composite Functions EXERCISE 10E 1. Given fts)=2x-1, g(3)=VE=4 and H(x)=2°+6, sate the domain of each function, Also find @ fs) © etxe) © Ke) © fo) ore © 7) © hats) © ro © Hs) Given f(:)=3+7x, g(3)=lg(s+2) and h(x)=2 +43, sate the domain of each function. Also find @ fo (b) gx) (©) Ax) @ A) ) efx) Wf) (e) ghtx) h) ) (i) x) 3. Given f(x)=V6—x, g(x)=7-x7 and h(x)=5x+3, state the domain of each function, Als find (a) tx) (b) sf(x) (6) hh) (@) afl) © fas) (hax) (e) haf) (h) fig(x) (i) Hee) sven 10) , state the domain of each Function Aso fin (a) ghix) (b) glx) (©) Mx) @) gf) (©) Be) OF) () fehtx) (h) ghe(x) @ gee) 5. Given rye Z4%, g(a)e4 and Ha), sae he domain of each Sunn Alo nd ‘ (a) gh) (b) Ag(x) (©) £2) @ FQ) © We) A) () gets) Ch) gfe) (hig) =— runcriows 6. Given f(x)=V2E¥7 and g()= + state the domsin of each function, Also a solve the following equations: @ fey=5 © g20=9 @ Aone Given f(2)=2° and g(x) =, write the domi of each finetion. Also solve the following equations, for xe @ fo) © ge =6 © faey=8 yy Write the domain of each fonction, Also solve 8. Given f(x) =VE3 and gt the following equations: (@) fe)=5 0) g()=x ©) 9. Given fo 44x45 and gt '©—1, show that f(x) = 0 has no eal solution, 1 10. Given f(x)=Vr#6and g(x) =P, find the domain of each function. Also salve the fllowing equations: © ©) go(sn) 4 © s=Viee 11, Given /(x)=ar+6 and {f(x)=36x~7, find a and b, given ais positive. 12. Gian aya ad 0 () wt donain af eh oon (3) wee ge ot 7). (0) se flava fo eR 13, Given f(a) =5-x and gt wa (a) write the domain ofeach function. () rite the range of f(x). (©) solve gi(e)= 14, Given /(2)=log,Gx-+1) and g(2)= (2) write the domain of each function () solve fe(s)=1 © solve gf The Domain of a Composite Function FUNCTIONS EXERCISE 10F 1 Given f(x)=x +5 and g(x)=Vr=2, (a) write the domain ofeach function, (b) find fet) (©) find the domain of (x) Given f(x) 5 and 2) (@) write the domain ofeach feneton. (©) find £00 (©) findthe domain of f(s). © find gf) (©) findihe domain of a/() 28-3 gg pre 23 rr a (2) write the domain ofeach Funton. 0) find fe) (6) find the domain of fe). Given /(s)= Given f(x) = VE=4 and gony= fF +10 (@) write the domain ofeach function, () find g/(. (©) find the domain of gfx). Given et ad 0-0-2, (@) write the domain of each funeton. (©) find fats) (©) find the domain of fax) Given f(a) =VE5 and g(a)= ee? #1, (0) wt domain of ech anton. () find gC). (© fin the domain off). Find the domain ofthe composite functions in (a)~ (0 of questions 3, 4 and S in Exercise 10E, In 3(e), 5(0) and 5(e), you might need to refer to the inequalities in Section 11PRESSIBIE Foncrens Inverse Functions EXERCISE 106 1. ing invert of the following functions () fQ)=i-Ix (©) fla) =log,« (sore? (hy fla) = 644 geo 0 10 ring te invere of te fllowing fonctions 9 fe=8e43 © f= H19=PHE-D © SI=" (0 fo tog.) w f= ‘afinton sive by /(8)=(&~2)" 43, (a) Weiethe domain ofthe faretion. (3 white st au ofthe anton and at wht valve of desi occu? {0 siete nge of he uretin. (0 snechh raph ofthe given ude Rnton (Exp wh the into i na one sone (Gwe te les posible domain on which he fanetonbesomcs one-one {by intense of (2) with his domain. nen fle) FOE Is oneto-one for 23 ind is inverse Gen fe)220 40-1 le oneso-one for find inva sate weber the given fictions have an inverse, provided thir domain isnot resi (@ seater? ©) far +9 © save @ svete © soy © sealer @ pace OSO=e 19 0 SO) og ose () f)=5—x¢ *0) je) 00s Funcrons ESTE Given f(9) ZS find f(s). What do ypu conlude about these two functions? ax find f(x). What do youseduce about the given function? Given f(a) 224 “The graph of fretion y= f(s) is shown bole. y os (2) Write the domain and range ofthis fetin, () Sketch the graph of its inverse (©) Write the domain and range of the inverse (6) Show that #(3) = f°"(2) has only one red solution and wit this solution 10. The graph below is that of the function f(x)= «°+3, for #20. z (2) Write the range ofthis funetion. (0) Sketch the graph ofits inverse and find the equation ofthe inverse. (©) Write the domain and range ofthe inversePASSE vero 11. For each ofthe following functions y= f(s) (write the domain and ange ofthe given function, (]) find the equation ofthe inverse and sketch the graph of the inverse. Miscellaneous Questions (Gi) write the domain and range of the inverse, @ yelend EXERCISE 10H (@) Write the domain ofeach function. (©) Find /(2) and write its domain, (6) Solve if(s)=0. FUNCTIONS, — ) yo2e a P 1. Given (2)= 22, v2, where a,b eand dare non-2r0 corsans show that , ead’ **"e F4G)= Fos) when a 2. The graph below isha of f(s) los(+3). (@)_ Find the coordinates of the yinercep v . {6) State the domain and range of (3) B (©) Find 7G) and sketch its raph on the (@ yeas (State the domain and ange of fC). x (©) Explin, without solving, why , °F C= fs) has two eal solutions, one of which is negative (9 Write two consecutive integer in between hich this negative root ies. b | 3, The graph below i tha of /2)= D843) | (). Find the coordinates ofthe inerceps. {0) Given the minimum occurs. balf way between the ineresps, nd the coordinates ofthe minimum pon. (©) State the domain ard range of the . function. { (@ ya2-2 0 y=¥ = @) Reset the domain so as to make the function one-to-one, and find f(s). (© Write the number of solitons of F'G)= f(2), and selve ths equation, where f(s) is the fanetion with the restricted domain 1 4, Tee fictions are given by J(2)= ye, (2m 2 and hs) =o, siven by J)= 75 «102 =lo8PAREN evcro ton genby f=) and Fwo ite the domain and range of each function. rw (Wag) ot ses oi 0 gat oh © sto eins ote mine? Bg nen fe) 208 and IF) =64-105, Fd he postive megs a and uote sen by /)=Ioese—5) and) = /FFT Tete domi of. on © Fd) al die oman © tnt (i) maybe wien M2424 © Sow ta ("=e /) '(x)=I, given x20, fo sve fe ocr enby fo) 22°43 ans) = VEE. © Me gfe) ok tes owing 0 Tf") nds dona nd a some e002 she dik Reig ve 360% Te maxi and mina our aly between he neces Find the ange ofthis incon, (2 ering the rarge unchanged, rere the domain so aso make the function one- espe. Leave x=0 asan element ofthis domsin. nce sketch the graph ofthe inverse function, stating its domain and range om gam below sa skeih ofthe graph of f(s) =sin.. The function is period Quibeancruncrons ano newuaLes EST QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS AND INEQUALITIES The Graph of a Quadratic Function EXERCISE 118 1. State whether the following quadratic functions reach @ maximum or a minimum and find the value ofx at which tis occurs () yore txs3 Wy 9 2S (o) yo-3e 45x42 @ y=2-8 @y 4 x 3s © y= toe @r=0-492+) Wy OH @ y=(-992-39) © y=02-347 © y=C-aKd=3) (yn 18-27 2, State whether the following quadratic Functions reach a maximum of a minimum and find the maximum or minimum value ofeach function: () yar saees () y= 29 -6r4t (9 yoru 44-6 (@ yade—v43 (© ya3el2r-28 — ya3e H4e @» ) yet) y= 2Ke-6) © y=2+NO-) — W yeeeH3P @ yo@e-3Ke-4) (a) y= 9e—2? (0) v9) (0) ya(s-3 #1 3. Sketch the graphs ofthe following quadratic functions, marking clearly any intercepts and tuming pints: (@) yee -10re9 () yan 42648 ©) paxt-12e436 @ yato-e (©) ye3e5e+2 (0 yo2e -6r45 (@) ya(s-3Ke-9) HY VHC“) yHOAx-9er+) ® y=0-24+9) 0» a 0 yen (my y=@-6F (©) y= 47-6 (0) pede +5042 ©) yee @y ( yaa 44-9 4. The graph of y=x? +bx-+10 passes through the point (1,4). Find b and sketch the curve,RESET avronaricruncrons avo mequauis 5. The graph of y=." +bx-te passes through the points (415) and (-3,~48). Find 6 and cand sketch the curve 6. The graph of yar’ ~ Sx-+e passes through the points (1,2) and (2,15). Find a and e and sketch the curve 7. The graph of y. sketch the curve. ‘be—21 has a turning point at (—),~25). Find a and & and 8. The function /(x)= s+ be+33 has a minimum value of —16. Find , given b> 0. 9. The graph of y=.ax*+be—7 is symmetrical in the line (1-12). Find a and b and sketch the curve. and passes through 10. The graph of y 2ax*~arya~T touches the x-axis. Find a 1, Express s?—43+410 in the form (x p)?+q_and hence find the minimum valve of =x —4e410. At which value of x does this oseur? Sketch the graph of this quadratic Function. 12, Express x +2x—3 in the form (x p)?+q-and hence find the minimum vale of yas'+2r-3. At which value of x does this accur? Sketch the graph of this ‘quadratic Function. 13, Express y=4x'+12047 in the form (pr-+4)?+r, where p>0. Hence, find the ‘minimum value ofthe funtion and sketch the graph of this quadratic 14. A quadratic curve passes through (—1,~9) (1,7) and (2.27). Find the equation ofthis curve andthe coordinates ofthe turing pont. 15. The graph shown in the adjacent figure is that y of y=(s-a)'+b, where a and 6 ate both positive constais. Given that the distance AB is 9, find a. Given also thatthe intercept is 14, find b ‘QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS AND INEQUALITIES KERESTETIEER Quadratic Inequalities EXERCISE 118 1 Find the rrge of values of for which the following inequalities hol @) 4-90 (@) G-ll4+20)20 (©) Gx+3x-10)30 (by (142xN1-29)20 @ x748)<0 Find the rarge of values ofx for whieh the following inequalities hold () PHI2rH11>0 (Be 43e=2<0 (© 2-0 (@ 3-330 (© 1513x4250) Brox 30 (@ 12e-Ur42>0 (hy 2298-3 <0 (308+ 10x41<0 @ 28-5:-750 (310x150 () F4xedoo Find the range of values of x for which te following inequalities hold (b) (0#3)(5~2) <0 (©) O-2K3+5)>0 © Qr-IKr-H20 (9 x6-119<0 © Ge-132r+3)>0 I (hy @x-2¥2-29S0—() (xa x420°)20 (a) 2893 (0) <9x-8 © ¥s64 (@) 6-1 > 17 (© x@rt16)>4 (0 42? > as-t | (© 2 <9 () x(e42)3 i 2 Be ‘a 2x! Te+10 3-28 BE Ee 2, o 7 wry o Sets Find the ange of values oF for whieh the following inequalities hol: (@ 2oxer 0 for any real value of 5 findthe range of values that g can take 1. Find the range of values of efor which ex" +(c+1)x-+e>0 for any real value af 12, Find th range of values of for real x vie2x & Ores OTT xs 0 yor aeeé CQUADRATICFUNCTONS ANDO NEQLALTES ESTE Miscellaneous Questions EXERCISE 11D 1, Avrectangula lawn is to have with x m and length (x+5)m, The perimeter has to be ‘more than 50m while the ares has tobe less than 204m" (Find the range of values hat can tke, () Given rhas tobe a whols number, find the dimensions of the lawn 2, Find the range of values oF afor which ax’ +2(Ga~5)x>—4 for any ral value of 3. Show that the roos of the quadratic equation (dnt? —2)x*.+(An I)? =0 are real and dstnet for any real value of m, me. Given also that m0, find the range of values of m for which these roots do not have the sume sign. 4. The gah y= 2222 on inthe adjacent diagram. (@) Write the coordinates of the y= intercept. (0) Find the range of y for real x, and deduce the coordinates of the turing poins ofthe curve 5. A cuboid measuring x em by (x-+2)em by (x+3)em is constructed such thatthe surface area of the smallest fae is less than 63em*, while the total surface area is ‘greater than 262em°. Given x € N, find the dimensions ofthe cuboid 6. Sketch the curve Sak has (2) ‘70 real distinct roots. (6) two real equal roots, (6) no real roots. 5 and deduce the values of & for which the equation 7. Sketch the curves y=(3—s)Gx+1) and y=" —20-+4 on the same axes, Hence, find the range of values of & for which the equation (3—3)(x+I) =a" -2e-hk has (2) 0 real distinc roots. (8) two real equal rots (©) no real rootsWME cnc Functions avo nequaames | vec rcoNs vo mecUNLnes ESTEE CU BIC FUN CTION Ss Cubic Inequalities EXERCISE 128 AND INEQUALITIES 1nd hangs fas of fr wich lowing ings ol The Graph of a Cubic Function (©) Qx-TKx+r-3)s€ (@) (lx +8)10x-3) >0 (©) B—4x)(2x+9Kx-3)<0 (D (x+5Xx=5)Sx-) 20 EXERCISE 124 (e) x(x+2)(4x-9)>0 (bh) °(1-9x)>0 1. Sketch the graphs of the following cubic functi (x= =2x+2)20 G) G-Tx\(e? 4x46) <0 @) y= Or+3Kx=2Ke +1) ©) y=@x-1 ~ (&) (44)2x=17 20 @ @-x) <0 0 (e) 3x° -16x+23x-6<0 (@) 40-4? =x4+1<0 | (i) y=Qx43Xa? +343) ® yeGr-i4 = (© +20 +9x-1820 (0 20-13 1344250 | @) x Sx-3<0 (h) -8x° +30x° +113x=-30<0 | 2. Sketch the graphs ofthe following cubic functions: @ SP rdrelede? @ xe 94429227 @ y (by 46x" -x-6 (ky 25x- <0 @ &’4xr20 © ¥ (@) yes’ 6x" ~7x (eo) yds’! (0) y= 3x) -198' +33x-9 3. Find the range of values of: for which the following inequalities hol: | (@) y=-Br -6x° +5 (h) yaar’ 3x41 (@ Gt=9,9 GE2=2) cg (@) yer 46x +1248 a Oa3x" ~Sx-25 x x49 (8) y=80=36x° 4540-27 yexnae © Deo @ sot oo sarc = a ® © aan 4. curve has equation y= 2e'+5x2+3:+2. Show that ycan be expressed in the form @ 7 oy S09 (+ pXar® +hx+c) and dmw a rough sketch of the given cubic function, (a pax’ +bx-0) and a ugh sketch ofthe gi fi me: - @ MBI, | 5. Acurve has equation y =x =3x? ter td. The curve has 2 maximum turing point at . ee (G1,27) end a minimum tuming point at (3,-5). Find cand d and sketch the curve. w a 5 y OAD vat =RENEE cic runcroons ano weauaLmes i Miscellaneous Questions EXERCISE 12C 1. Show that ye=x?-+3r-+14 may be expressed in the form (xt phox +qr-r), where pug and r re integers tobe determined. Hence, ind the range of vas of x For which p>. ‘A function is given by /(e)=20-+he+r+6. When f{x) is dvided by (8-1). | ‘he remainder is -6. When (x) is divided by (x-+1), the remainder i 12. Find the integers band c, and deduse the range of values of for whish /(3)-<0- 43. Find the range of values of «for which x(x? +4x—11)>30 44. Find the range of value ofx satisfying both ofthe following inequalies (4 3Kx=3]o-6)>0 and (£4 7K(=4) <0 '5. Find the range of values of satisfying both ofthe following inequalities: (et{x-2\7~2s) <0 and x(=8)<0 46. Find the range of values ofx for which both of the following inequalities Wold 5x1423x°—40x+12>0 and 9x >0 2 on the same axes. Find 4. Sketch the curve y= (e+1(8=2)¢e—7) and the Hine the pots of intersection ofthe line andthe curve Sketch the curve y=(x-+3\-3)? and the line y'=x-+3 on the same axes. Find the points of intersection ofthe line and the exrve. 9, Sketch the cue y=(x+2Kx=1K8—6) and the line y=t4x—44 on the samme axes ‘and find ther points of intersection 10. A cube measures x om by (x-+5)em by (x+6)em. Te volume ofthe cube is more than 5S0em? while the ttl surface area is less than 662em" (a) Find the range of values that x can take () Given xis natural number, find the dimensions of the cube. 11. -Tom, his sister Denise and their mother Emma are xy x~2 and 4x5 years old, espectvely. The product of their ages is more than 1295, while the stm of dei ayes is less than 59. Find their possible ages. —_ con ESTEE CURVE SKETCHING Transformations: Translations, Reflections, Stretches EXERCISE 134, 1. Sketch the graphs of the following functions, marking clearly any intercepts, ‘asymptotes and turing points (@ yotes w» ( ye8s9 @ ys8-4 o ( yerts @ ya2-8 ® @ yave+s @ y=2+log,x ©) y=logye-t (oyyasieg (yas 2. Sketch the graphs of the fllowing Fimstions, marking cleay any intercept, asymptotes and turning points: yay see 1 @ y=-4y ord © yao y= yew y=tte+) ory © y0-2 © yabate49) yer! (a) y= (© y=tne+10) 3. Sketch the graphs of the following functions, marking clearly any intercepts, ssymptotes and turning point: @ y= © y=boR-9) wy(CURVE SKETCHING ‘A. Sketch the graphs. of the following fonetions i Ssymptotes and turing points: @ yok ©) p26") x , (©) yates ores yy oe Bay @ y=Hoa, 6 5. sketch the graphs of the folowing, Functions, Sapmprotes and turing points. De nt sey domain and range of each ofthe given anctions 6, Sketch the graphs of the following fu asympiotes and turing p State the domain and range of each ofthe given funetions. @ yale © y=" @ y= 7 (@) y=logs(x-8) (hy yer 15 @ y=¥ 15 @ yar? (ky) yeaeT wvem() © (5) part ty y= Vee20 marking clesely any fnterospt, y=9% marking clearly any intercepts, rg ihichvansfomation you ae applying, and @ yates) Oe © yea oye yalet 0 ye (yee th) yee @ yas? @ ya © @ yeten . 5 (myya¥ 45 tn) y= (re ©) ¥=15, | oy) yan 2) @ y=-be.s rest 1 yer -20 @ yetvoese word mctions, marking. clearly any_intereeps, I ete which transformation you ae appyine 8 oy ( y22/-10 o © yee EXERCISE 138 @ ya5ete1 © y=(-3 #2 () y=Sigte-1) @ yae (my wy log, + (© y=W6-9) (9) yeing+39) © yo6-8 (@) y=-ogy(x+3) (@) y=5e-1 © y=in(4+20) © yo4-Gesy? Dew y= 3 (9) y=dlog,@x+2) Combining Transformations 1. Sketh the gaphs of the fl Sich he the following fictions, marking cl epse ontoig pois Sse he domain ad vaige cach nln ) y=! (© yacte (0) y=tog,(-28) (oO y=6+Qx-1 Stich the graphs of the fl sit ¢ flowing functions, mucking. cleaty an spies a ig pon Sete Gai th ge tach on, © ye-oe7t (©) yeltet (8) y=24In(-2) W y= (o) y= (a) y=Vinie 2r+1 © (0) y=In(8(—D) CURVESKETCHINS ESZATSIFED any interceps, (© yeHteGe+) (9 yat-2e (yee bin4 © yeseverd onl) © years? sal (wyatt Dos (0) y=4-Ig(0s) imercepts, oon © y=6-VeT Orestes ( ys9e"-2 (0) y=VIe=3 (0) y=log,(1-2x) SScyavE SKETCHING gn shows the gop of y= (a). Skt the grip of the f y s the graph of y= f(s). Skete the graph of: ye sow 4 Tales @) y=fe-3) © yese9 y=3450) © ye-se59 = 6e+13 in the form (x-a)?+b. Starting from the graph of simple ansformations to sketch the graph of y= f(s). State the 5, Expess £09 * yee, use 180 ge ofthe finn ‘psye2# +4ee8 in the form o(s4b)+e._ Stating fom the graph of formations to sketch tne graph of y= /(2). Sat the range of the the range of values of for which the equation 2° +4x-+8=K has «Bos se yrs Dele cin se isl 2 4, Marton ven bY so=t(2) son, stating is domain end age ay tect gph te gt finton, stating © cee fr fads pooh be ee Find te ives o Fike given fant pega ofeach iv ofthe fnctons in question I, nce esti he amin {cao Koneone soa ib ves carb ound Sketch Tania date don a ange aac CURVE SxéTOHNG Further Functions and Curve Sketching EXERCISE 13¢ 1 ‘Sketch f(s) =1og, x. Show that the graph of g(x) = log, 7x can be obtained from the raph of f(x) either by a stretch or by a translation, and describe these twansformations. Sketch the graph of y= g(s), Sketch f(2)=2log,.x. Which translation will map f(s) onto g(s)=1+2log,x? Sketch the graph of (). Show, algsbraically, thatthe graph of (x) can slau be obtained from that of f(x) by applying a strech, and give a description of this twansformation Show thatthe raph of g(x)=2"? may be obtained from that of (x)= 2" ether by ‘translation or bya stretch, and give a description of each transformation, Sketch the graph of g(x) =2, Given f(s) =e'+3 and g(x) =In(x-+1), find g's) and sketch its graph, Which ‘transformation would map the graph of g(x) onto that of f(x)? Find 0) fade a s)-2!, shh eer of y=) and sate its domsin and range. Als find ()'(x) and stat its domain Given f(s) =V2e=T and g(x) their domain and range, Also solve the equation [2]? sketch the graphs of both functions and state (22)-16. ‘Storch the graph of /(x)= $(6"=1) and sate its domain and range. Find -'x), Sate its domain and range, and sketch its raph, Given f)=2, dee and a) ft), a He). Seah tom = Hx) and tha of y= [009 Given f(2)=3e+1, g(2)=log.(2x—I) and Mx)= eft). find HCE) and sketeh is ‘raph. Also sat its domain and range, 1 Given f(a) and g(2)=lop,, find f(x) and describe the geometric 7 transformations required to obtain the graph of /-'(x) from that of g(x). Sketch the raph of y=").PRESEN conve srercrne Points of Intersection and Number of Solutions EXERCISE 13D t \ Sketch the curve y=2e!-+1 and the line y'=5 on the same axes. Find the coordinates ofthe point of intersection ofthe line andthe eure. Sketch the curve y'=log,(*—5) and the line y=2 on the same axes. Find the coordinates ofthe point of intersection ofthe line andthe curve Sketch the graphs of y= 6 and y=2x6" on the same axes. Find the cocrdinates of the point of irtersetion, giving the coordinates to three decimal places. Sketch the graphs of y=3'+2 and y=15x3* on the same axes. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection Sketch the graphs of y=—4" and y=2"—12 on the same axes and find the coordinates ofthe point of intersection. Give the s-coorinate to three decimal places. ) Sieich te opts of y=tgtr+8) and y=le(£) on te same anes and ind the coordinates ef the point of intersection Sketch the graphs of y=Ve=T and y=7—x on the same aver and find the coordinates ofthe point of intersection ‘Sketch the gaphs of y=? and y=2-x°, How many times do they interscet? Find the coordinates of any poinls of intersection Find, without solving, the number of real solutions ofeach ofthe following equations. [Also sate ifthe roots are positive or negative. wees wuts @we-ae wease weet? (g) & = log,(x+3)=0 (hy Se? +x" = @ xine (K) vet (mp e-s=1— @) t-x 1020 (0) xlog,(x+2)-x-2=0 CURVE SKETCHING EESTENEET Split, Even and Odd Functions EXERCISE 13E 1. Skech he graphs of the following functions, sting the domain nd ange of eck Pl forseo : oral 2 frxeo 3" forx20 ey x forx20 fet torxeo { ovale ag ya{lt® — forocest [eH forxe0 OP hye forx>t ns? for 3x03 ne [x fors2 2. Skech the graph ofthe following functions sting the domain css. Fnd he verse ofeach anchonand ch i gap MBE to s0={ter fe tesco gy saye[t” feed tr Jans? frxe0 fx forncd Vi forza D*finc+3) forx>—2 3. Twe functions are given. ae os argon by d=, ASD and ga)es2. Shes he rah ote ion, sang te dominant in sn ings of sh Find fe) ana, se theit graphs, and also find the domain and range of each. Tr ‘Chek whether the following functions ar even, odd or either even ne od @) fjae a7 Pad (©) fia)=x-2 M4683 flad=2'41 () So= Ine +2) faye VERT tk) f(x)=Se" +1 f= Inf’ +5) (n) fyaVe at (0) flx)= (0437 ‘The adjacent diagram shows part of the graph ; cece tarng oo (a) f(x) is even. Of bas PD oe[PSEESIEIEEL cooromareceowernt COORDINATE GEOMETRY Distance between Two Points EXERCISE 148 1. Find the distance between the following pairs of pints: 653) and BT) () LS) and 17) (©) (6-3) and (51) (6) (2-6) and (4,2) (€) CHI) and 2-3) (A (TL) and (19) @ ANd C43 — CGO and G.-6) ——G) A-N and 6-39 6 (Ga) and Bt), (0,2) awd o.4)——_(D (enre) and (0) 2, Thedistance between A(6,-1) and B(o,3) is 5. Finda 5, The distance between A(i=1)2nd B(G,2) is equal tthe distance between Clo,8) and (7.7). Finda. i 4, 4,7), BES) and C(8,3) are the vertices ofa tangle (a) Find the length of each side (6) Isthe triangle a rightangled triangle? is ewice the distanes between S(I,1) and 5, The distance berween PC3,7) and Q¢ TE). Find 6 The point X(-1,) is equidistant fom the points A(-2,1) and (6,3). Find k 4. The poi A(5.) is thre times as far fom B(11,8) 38 itis fom C24). Find a 4. A(46) and 6(816) ae the endpoints of diameter ofa cele, Find the lengih ofthe radius ofthe cree 9, AC-L2), BG.10) and C(15,4) are the vertices ofa tangle. Find the length ofeach side, Prove that the tiangle is arigh-angled triangle and find is area 10, A(-2,-5), B69) and C(9,-3) ate the vertices of triangle. Given the triangle is rightangled at B, find. cooromare Gcomerty IESSSTECE| Midpoint EXERCISE 14B 1, Find the midpoint ofthe line AB if A and B have coordinates: (2) (5.9) and (711) (0) (1A) amd (5,10) (©) (3,8) and 14) (©) 4-9) and (2,0) (©) I and 2) 4.8) and G.-3) (6) (@,3a) and (Sa,-a) —(h) (-a,6) and (0,38) (p,-9) and (9,0) 2. M(62) is the midpoint of the line AB, Given A has coordinates (-1,$), find the coordinates of B. 3. P(7.=4) is the midpoint of the line QR. Given Q has coordinates (2,3), find the coatdinaes of X(2-2) is the midpoint of the tine AB, Given A has coordinates (0,30~3) and B has coordinates (63,6), find a a b 5. AQ.) BE4,-5) and C(-2,0) are the vertices of a triangle, () Show thatthe triangle is isosceles. (b) Find the coordinates of M if AM is one ofthe medians ofthe triangle. i (© Find the length of AM. The point AQ,6) lies on the circumference ofa circle centre C(5,9). (2) Find the Feng ot the ries (8) Find dhe coordinates ofthe point B given that AB is a diameter of the circle (©) Show tat the point D(7,9+ VF4) les on the circumference ofthe cicle and that } angle ADB is a right angle. | 7. A(13), BEA) and D1) are the vertices ofa triangle (2) Show thatthe tiengle ie isosceles, (6) Find the coordinates ofthe midpoint of BD. (6) Find the coordinates of C if ABCD isa rhombus. * 8. A(34), BG.2) and C6, are the vertices ofa triangle. 1 (2) Show thatthe triangle is isosceles, (b) Find the midpoins P, Qand R ofthe sides AB, BC and AC. (©) Show that tiangle POR is als isosceles. P, Qand R are the midpoins ofthe tree sides of triangle ABC. Prove that if ABC is an isosceles triangle, then triangle PQR is also isosceles. seBRRESEIENEET cooromare ceowerny The Gradient of a Line EXERCISE 14C 1. Find the gradient ofthe line passing tough the following pons: fad nd G5) 0) G2 and G5) (@) CLA) and = (4) Gy-4) and (-5,-2) (2) (7,0) and (4,9) (10,4) and (4,4) (6) 98) and 1) (7,2) and (AAD and (44) (4) and (-44) (@ (-35) and (7.5) @ GaawGa) & +2 AtAS), B62) and C(L-3) are the vertices of @ triangle. Find the gradient of each side. 3, Aceh). BG6—3), CUS) and DC28) are the vertices ofa quadrilateral {a) Find the length ofthe longest side. (b) Find the gradient ofeach side “4. Find the angle at which each ofthe following lines is inclined tothe horizontal, giver the line has gradient @2 © ws ot 's.Fnd the gradient ofthe Tine which sinclned at an angle te the horizontal, 8 1 @ 0° e) 20° ©) 30° @ 4 (© 9° © 18 6. Find the angle which the straight line joining the following girs of points makes with the horizontal. Give your answers othe nearest 0.1" Ge) Qt) and (65) (6) (3-6) nd WN (6) BS) and (2) (@) CAS) and LS) (18) and 10.3) (7.6) and G.-9) 4. Thelin joining the points A(2S) and B(10.9) is parallel tthe Line joining the points C(-,4) and D5). Find 5. 8. Prove that the points A(3), B(6,11), C(7.5) and DIS) are the vertices of a trapezium. 9, Show thatthe points (3.4), B(4,6) and C(7,12) are ellines 10, The points P(-2,~4), Q(2,2) and R(10,b) are collinear. Find b ee cooRDNATE GEOMETRY [EEESIENECI Perpendicular Lines EXERCISE 14D 1. Given (and & are wo perpendicular i I and, cular lines with gradients m, and m, respective find m, given my is . Vein renee @s &) 3 4 @2 @~ OF @é (hy -3 oF ae w- og 2. Show tha the line joining A 2,7) to B(8,3) is pet ae (2,7) 10 B(8,3) is perpendicular to the line joining C(3,2) 3. The line joining Q(-4,-6) 10 R(2,1) is perper rr (4,6) to RQ2,1) is perpendicular tothe line joining $(-3,2) to (@) Finda (b) Prove that the line ST does not passthrough the origin Acta), 8(26 ad (00a everest ange 6) Sor tv beta ened vine (b) Find the area of the triangle. i 5. AUP and (13,14) ae he endpins of A) ad 1.10) he epi of ama ofa i ce. 7) Point on he hcumference Find witout nding te eon ods of eee 6. A(,4), B(S,9) and C(15,4) are the vertices cue (15,b) are the verices ofa triangle whieh is rghtangled at B. (©) Find the area ofthe triangle. 7. A024), B(5,8) and C(a,b) are the vertices of at AG.) BOSS Cn a triangle which i ightangled at A (2) Find the coordinates of C (b) Show thatthe triangle is isosceles. (6) Find the area ofthe triangle, 8. AGI and B¢4.5) arte er sth engine of diameter of cic, The point on the circumference of this circle. Tepe ray) Iss (Find he podient of the chords AP and BP and deduce tat Py -lOan6y0210. (6) Hence, or oer, id th ood of the pins where hile us the == — | | iWSEEEIENEEN cooronare ceomerny The Equation of a Straight Line EXERCISE 14E 1. Find the equation of he line which has gradient 4 and y-intreept 2 2, Find the equation ofthe line which has gradient ~5 and passes through the origin 13. Find the equation of the line which has gradient} and intercept ~}. 4, Find the gradient and y-intercept ofeach ofthe following lines: (@ yeart3 (0) yete-1 © (@ 2y=8e-1 (© Syet-3e ( ae-ye220 (@) 6, (h) loyese=2 0 @ 9ee3y-100 ( xstiys3 0 2x47 5. Sketch the lines withthe following equations: (a) y=2e+1 (b) y=3x-7 @ (@ sy=x-10 (© 2y24-% (9 6x-2y+100 aie (0 tysx=6 ( Wix-2ys7020 2 2 L100 © acetye Sede o 6 Find the equetion ofthe line which has sradient m and passes through the point A, iver: (@ m=2,A43) () m=7,A6.0) (© m=3,A24) © (9 m=-3,A009) mat AHH) 7. Find the equation ofthe line which pases through the points (@ G45) and (68) © Ada E-0 © @ anaes) © CAD O © G1 and 00-18) 6) (+43) and(4)— ) and (10) 1, Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (3,8) and is parallel tothe line y=3x+5 Find the equation ofthe line which passes through the point (~2,7) and is parallel to the line 43-439 =2. ——— 7 CoonOWAT GEOMETRY SEETENTE 10, Find the equation of the line which passes trough the origin and is perpendicular to the tine y=2<—4) 11, Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (64) and is perpendicular to theline 3+ 5y 7 12 Find the equation ofthe line which passes through (4,8) and is inclined at an angle of 60° tothe horizon, Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB, where A and B have coordinates (3,~3) and (5,7) 14. AG.-2), BCA) and C(7,-4) ate the vertices of a triangle. Find the equation ofthe median AM. 15, P(-1,2), Q(2,4) and R(S,-3) are the vertices ofa triangle. Find the equation ofthe altitude passing through Q. Find heen fh epg ough ACI) a BS, Incas tessa Qader, tdi dune OR Abo fe ewe tee QR. 17. The line L passes through Q(2,5) and R(6,7), The line Ii perpendicular t line Land passes through T(4,3. Find the equation of line 18, Check whether the fllowing points le onthe line y= Sx-+2: @ an © @13) © 1-2) (@) (4-18) 19. Check whether the following points lie above or below the line » =9x—1 @ a9 © G25 © 2-1) @ ) 20, The line Lis the perpendicular bisector of CD, where C and D have coordinates (21) and (6,3), L intersects the x-axis at Q and the yeaxis at R. (2) Find the coordinates of Q and R and the sea f triangle OQR. () Show that Lis parallel tothe line with equation 2)4.44-43=0, 21, The tne 4 has gradient 3 and passes through A(I,4). The line J s parallel to and passes through B(-1i0). The line /, cuts the x-axis a $ and the eax at. The line 4, cuts the axis at Qand the y-axis a R. (2) Find the equation of each line. (©) Find the coordinates of S, T, Q and R. (©) Find the area of tiangle OST. (@) Find the area of tapezium STRQ. 22. The points A and B have coordinates (-§,-2) and (a,b) respectively. The perpendicular bisector of AB has equation 21+ y—3=0. Find the coordinates oFB ~ TOARENETENENE cooronre comer Points of Intersection | EXERCISE 14 otimerseton the foing pir ones sopee 0 yo4x+5 and y=6x+7 -10% 1. Find the pol (@) y=3e-1 and y=xel © (@ yat3-7s and (9) yo2e-6 and y=tls-5 (hy 445y-7=0 and 343 torch inde ons ahh he loin Hine an cares inet tp pened ndyaaeSe @ peteeb nd y= -2K-8) 1 (©) y=4x437 and y=(Qx-IKe+2) @) y=21~2x and ys eS ead y2(l=54225) (9239 4+8=0 and 9 : ad yds 34-1 (©) 4x4 7y ent and y=2-s? @ I 3. Show that the ine y = 8x—9 touches the curve ) 4. Show thatthe lie y=—12x=1 isa tangent (0 the curve y=x° ~6x+8, 2ee is tangent to the curve 5. Find the value of the constant ¢ if the line yar sd. 6. Show thatthe line 29 =5x+1 doesnot intersect the curve J =23~ f 1. Find the points of intersection of the line y=3¥-13. and the curve | 8 Show thatthe line y-=—6x-+16 intersects the curve y'= 2(8~3)(e—6) at one point i and touches tat nether. Find the coordinates ofthese points 9, Find the points where the line y =3x—S intersects the curve 29 10. Find the pons wher the line y=s62 ineneas the cote with equation HW ty nd 6y-1220 st the cirle with equation 11, Show that the line 2y=x+1 does not intersect the irl eg i yf Gre y+ =3 intersects the ellipse with equation 12, Find the poinis at which the line y=: Bhat 94 ee 7 el COORDINATE GEOMETRY Other Properties EXERCISE 146 1. Find the distance of the given point from the given line: ©) G3) fom yates (©) 1,6) fom y= 2x1 (© G5) fom y=-2041 ©) Cl frm 5-284 (© 9) from yer (9. (20) fom ys x-200 (© (73) from yojro (0) (4) fom 1s10s-6p<0 ( (@,6) from 3y = 4x47 @ (p,q) from 10y = 31-8 2, Find the acute angle between each ofthe following sits of lines, giving your answers to one decimal place: () ye3r2 and o 3 (© ye-tes 12 and (©) 2y= x41 and y= 5e— (9) 2x#3y-4=0 and 3y = (D Sx- y417=0 and 7x-2y=19 (© ye$eel and y=6r-1 (h) 18y—9e+13=0 and 129+ x-260 AQ.3), B(,T), C(-2.2) and D(0,~4) are the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD. Find the acute angle between the line / which passes through A and C, and the line L which pases through Band D. “4. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line AB in the ratio 4:5, given A. ard B have coordinates (2,3) nd (11,21) respectively. *5. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line PQ in the ratio 2:7, given P ard Q have coordinates (~1,5) and (6,40) respectively *6. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line AB in the ratio 3:7, giver A and B have coordinates (6,-7) and (-4,~2) respectively. *7. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line BA inthe ratio 6:5, given A and B have coordinates (-2,2) and (4,8) respectively "+8, Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line RS extemally in the rato 6:1, siven Rand Shave coordinates (3,~3) and (8,12) respectively. 9. Find the coordinates ofthe point which divides the line AB extemally inthe ratio 2:9, Biven A and B have coordinates (~6,0) and (14) respectively ‘The circumeentre of a triangle is the point where the perpendicular biseetors ofits sides meet, Prove that this point is equidistant from the vertices ofthe triangle. Use {his resul to find the coordinates ofthe centre of the circle which passes though the pons (-2,4), (2,4) and (5.5). —_—.1—(ESET coonoinare ceomerny Miscellaneous Questions EXERCISE 14H 1. Thelin bas equation y=123x. intersects the x-axis at A and the ran at D. ‘ise intersect the line y= 24-3 at Band the line y= 3x ot C (a) Find the coordimates ofA, B, Cand D. (6) Show that AB= BC and find the ratio DC:BC. ie tne has grant 1 and passes through (1,3)- The fine ds pases thrush (1) and (-7.7) {@) Find the equation ofeach Kine and ther point of intersection. {) Find the acute ange between the two lines {@)_ Show thatthe pont (5.3) lose to thant 3, G43). BQ2-3),C(u) and D(L3) ar the vertices of quadrilateral (@) Show that the quadrilaterat is a trapezium. (6) Find the area ofthe wapezium. ‘A. Show that A(Q=-2) and B(-3,0) are equidistant fom the tine 4y=3—1 but that B ‘is nt the reflection of A inthis Kine. 45, Find the reflection of the point (3,1) in he line = 2x 6. Find the reflection of the point (~4,2) in the line y= 4 4. The line {pases through A(-2,D) and C(6.3). The line fi perpendicular to fy passes through the point B({,!) and cuts he y-axis a. (a) Find the equations off and {(b) Find the point of intersection ofthese two ines. (6) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. 8. AGL8),BG,-2),C(9,D and D(6,10) ate the vertices ofa quadilatra (@) Find the equation ofthe line AC. () Find the distqnce ofthe point B from this ine. (©) Find the areaof quadrilateral ABCD. =1 and the 9. Find the points of intersection, A and B, ofthe line / with equation cone pax! 7x46. Let PCa») bea pint on the are ofthe curve between A and B vr aine dunes ot? omit ine sien by S=S525™ and ee ot te pointe ae AB whch fat om he ne ve atnetogh .)eush ne y= 2st atPandtelne y23—x 8, en 'AQ:AP = 5:1, find the possible coordinates of P and Q ee 7% COORDINATE GEOMETRY [ESZSTETI Loci EXERCISE 141 1. The ro isis om hpi th puns ROL.) and T=. Find te qn the locus of P and give a geometric interpretation of this locus. : “ " The pot mes ak ech ay isc oA) ds from B (5,6). Find the equation of the locus of P. oo fens 3. The point P is equidistant from the point A\ ym the point AC-1N) and the line equation ofthe locus of P mee ROW) anes Se pb is euistnt fom the pin AS.2 and thee 5. The point P etc nes ff he point O( Find the equation of the locus of P. ee Find the 6. The point P is equidistant from the tnt point R(,3) and the line Sy =—12e~3. Find th equation ofthe locus of P. pei tise 7. The point is euistt am he rhe ines y= 2x ad 425-7. Find he eu of the loci of P and give a geometric description oftiem. 7 finds coatons 8. The pont Pi onan’ fom te ant fom the net 24ye—P5 an ‘equations of the loci of P. ~ a b+. Find the The pont is a constant distance of 6 us from noc ofPandgresgemetic pester fies. 10, Find the equations of the loc ofthe point P if it es En sean of te ‘point P if it lies at a constant distance of 2Vi7 The pint P moves sch tt angl APB i a 1 pi ange APD i sans 4, where A and B hve dens (and Gal expec. Decree and id er ea "2, The pon Ps eqiint hom A and (7.2). Find te euation of te oes of P tnd ow ie pe oe ine yo 3+ Pde tne betwen he 13 The poe A and B hve eo ve erties (4,0) a (40) rps The poi ‘moves such that AP+PB-=20. Find the equation of the locus of P. * me The poi A and B have coordinss 2.0) coors (30) and 6.0) ropetiely. The oi roeachbaPA-PBe2, Faathecquinatelwser®. 7ASIEN cs CIRCLES The Equation of a Circle EXERCISE 158, 0 Find the equation ofthe circle with (@) contre (-2,5) radius 2 (8) conte (-3,~4), radius 5 () ceoire (4.3), radius 1 (© centre (7,8), ius 7 (©) centre (5-6) radius (9 cen (=D ais | (q) centre (0,0), radius 6 (0) cent (4,1) ais 5 earee (1) stains ee (4-7). ¢ 2. Find the centre and radius ofeach ofthe following ctees, and sketch the crces @ 2 +0-17 (rae +3 935 (© (+b +043 =49 © (-9F +(9-2)'=10 (g) (x+8¥ +p" =16 © (8 045" (a) xP +y* =100 53, Find the equation ofthe circle which has centre (4,3) and passes through (7.7). “4. Find the equation ofthe crele wich has centre (~1,2) and pases through (2.8) 5, Find the equation ofthe circle which has centre (6,~3) and passes though the origin 6 Find the equation of the crete which has AB as diameter, where A and B have coordinates (-6,5) and (4-1) By completing the square and find the centre and radius 7. A circle has equation x+y B rearranging the equation inthe farm (x~a)* +(y~b) = ofthe crete. 8. Show that x? 4y7+2er+2,)-+e=20 is the equation ofa circle centre (-g,~/) and 9, Find the centre and radius ofeach of the following circles: G@) P+ y e4ertOy4 (b) Say Desay (©) Py -6x-2y-15=0 (@) Py eesgyel (Pay Ie43y42 () e4y'6y-7=0 (@) 4x2 +4)" —ae48y—11=0 (0) 8489" 44x -12y43 0 ee crcies ETE Tangents to a Circle EXERCISE 15B |, Find the equation of the tangent to the given crcl atthe given pont: (@) (e-3F H(y+2F =25 at (0) (X41 += 6)" =10 A. (©) Cay -2eeBy4d=0 at G-) (dx #y +124 =0 a 10,4) (©) Cty Ae45y—6=0 at 4) (D2 429° 43e—IOy + 10=0 at ( 2. Check which ofthe following lines are tangents tothe given circles: 3. Find the equation ofthe tangent atthe origin tothe circle x°+.y°— 7x4 6y=0. 4 Find te pons onthe cle »°+)°—60—8y-420=0 which have store 4 l| Find th cgi oft genio hie ben pois, i 5. nde oman othe gen oh cide 49+ 84—39-¢7=0 a the poins ] whet the cele the ats | 6. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle x+y +2x—6y+9=0 at the points i 7. Show thatthe line Sy =3+26 isa tangent tothe citele <2 Find the point at whieh they touch, h 8. Find the length of the tangents from (10,7) 10 the circle x° + y?—81—2)-30=0 | 9. Theline y=21+5 is tangent toa cil entre the ovigin. Find the equation of this | cic i 10, Find the values of for which the tine 11, Find the equations ofthe tangents tothe eitcle x+y" +12x—MMy.+65=0 which have sss \ 12. Find the equations of the tangents from the origin to the circle Wh c--:~=~—~S r, touch extemaly. Show that the length / ‘oftheir direct common tangents is given by ! = 2rR. 1 6r-2y+1=0 and x°+y'-2x-6)+9=0 are the equations of two cireles with centres A and B respectively, (@) Show that the point P where the transverse common tangents meet the line AB divides AB in the ratio 3:1 and find the coordinates of P.. Hence find the equations ofthese transverse common tangents (©) Similarly show that the point Q where the direct commen tangents mest has coordinates (3,4) and find the equations ofthese direct common tangents. 32, Let oxy) be a general point ona circle centre Cfa) and radius :. Let @ be the angle that PC makes with the horizontal, OS@-<2r. Show that xea+reosd and ‘b+ rsind (These are called the parametric equations ofa circle, where @ isthe arameter). 33, A circles given parametially by x=4+2c080 and y'=3+2sind (@) Use the result in the previous question to find the Canesian equation ofthis crcl, and sketch the circle, (©) Given P is any point on this circle, find, to the nearest degree, the minimum and ‘maximum values ofthe angle that PO makes with the positive vans, (©) The line y=x+$ cuts this circle at A and B. Find the coordinates of the ‘midpoint ofthe chord AB, 34, The point P(x,y) i twice a far from (0,8) as itis fom B(6,l), (2) Show that the locus of Pisa crcl and find its centre and radius. (©) The point Q has coordinates (1,0). Find the equation ofthe locus af M, the ‘midpoint of PQ, eeeREESE swcononerne TRIGONOMETRY Degrees and Radians EXERCISE 164 1. Bapresthefllowing angles in radians, giving your answers to sree decimal ples ow (36° @ 2s ns 2 16 or 278° 0 30 os 100° (38° 2. Prove that one radian is approximately equivalent 1 $7.3° 43, Expres the following angles in degres, giving your answers to one decimal pace: @ iz 215 134 @ o« oar ar @196 (os ( 06s @ 436 (i) 532" (9 098 4. Expres te following angles in radian, gving your answersin terms of (30° «45° © 6 (@) @ 20 os @ 20 oe ois © 330° wie 240° 5, Express the following angles n degrees OF ws of oe oF oO ©% ms ox o* we o® 6, Draw a circle and subdivide it into sectors, each subtending an angle of I". How many radian, to the nearest whole numb, fit in one revoltion? oO THGONOMERY EXTEN Length of Arc and Area of Sector EXERCISE 168 1. Find the length of are subtended by an angle of & in a circle of radius Sem. 2, ABisanare ona circle centre C and radius Sem. Angle ACB is $. Find the length of the arc AB and the area of sector ACB, PQ is anare on a circle centre C and radius 10cm. Angle PCQ is 4. Find the length ofthe arc PQ andthe area of sector PCQ. 4, Aand Bare two points ona cizcle centre C and radius 2em, such that the length of are ‘AB is Sem, Find the area of sector ACB. Deduce the area ofthe minor Segment cut ‘off by the chord AB, giving your answer to two decimal places thin citcular pizza of radius 1Sem is cut into 12 equal slices. Find the perimeter of cach sie A chord PQ of length Gem divides a circle of radius Sm into two segments. Find the tea ofeach segment. Give your answers to two decimal plaes. Two concentric circles C, and C, of radii 3em and Sem respectively, have common cette O, Pand Q are two points on C,, such thatthe length of arc PQ is Seem. OP and OQ cut C,at A and B respectively, Find the area of the region whieh les inside stor POQ but ouside sector AOB, 8, Two Hntial circles of radius 10cm le with ther centres 16cm apart. Find the area ‘ofthe region where they overlap, giving your answer to one decimal place, ‘Two circles of rai 3em and Sem le with thei centres em apart. Find the area ofthe ‘overlapping region, giving your answer to two decimal places. 10, Two circles of radi Sem and Sem touch externally. Given AB is a common tangent, find the length of AB. Also find the area of the finite region bounded by the line AB, ard the two circles. Give your answer to two decimal places Coan “TRIGONOMETRY Trigonometric Functions EXERCISE 16C 1. By sing the definitions of trigonometric ratios rove thatthe tangent of anges inthe Ted quadrant is positive, while the sine and cosine values are negative. 2. By using the definitions of trigonometric ratios, prove thatthe cosine of angles inthe eunh quadrants positive, while the sine and tangent values are negative. 3. Explain the CAST rule 4A. Given sins = and that x i8 not in the frst quadant, find the values of cos and sans S.. Given cass 4 and that sin x is negative find the values of sins and tan 6. Byusing the definitions of trigonometric ratis, prove that tan = =F 4. Sketch the graphs of the following Functions in.the region 0x27, stating the range of each: (@ pesin2s () y=-tane © ya2+e05x (@) ya-Beoss fe) yo5-2sinx (9 ystan3e (@ yesins-025) ——(H) yu Teowtest 25) y=cos2x-04") 4. Find the range ofthe following Functions without sketching ther graphs: (@) y=4sinx (@) y=—Beosx (© y=sinse (© y=-2eos6r Co) yn Goon(eth.F) y= SsinG-03") (@) y=2+6sinx (hy y=9-2eosixt1.2) (y= Reos(x-a), R>0 1 5 OY Recor © rime OF 9. By considering thé graph of (x)= sin. inthe region ~§ x, sketch the graph oF the inverse function, State the domain and range ofthe inverse, 10, By considering the graph of (x)=ensx in the region Ox, sketch the graph of th inverse funetion. State the domain and range ofthe inverse. 4. sketch the graph 11, By considering the graph of (x)= tnx in the region “ofthe inverse funetion, State the domain and range ofthe inverse 12, Sketch the graph of '= sin in the region O 0 and O0 and 0< a <90°. Hence: (a) solve Ssinx+12c0s.=4 for 05 x= 500° (b) sketch the graph of y= Ssinx+12eass for 0<.x< 360" Express Toose—24sinx a5 Reos(x+a), where R>0 and O0 and 00 and O0 and O0 and O0 and OO and O and O0 and 0d and Oct $ nthe interval 0:¢1.¢ 2, the cree with equation cuts the Inthe iteral OS x24, the cure Wh emalOn Y= TFS Brees ‘axis at P, reaches @ maximum at T and minimum aS.” Find the eoordines of thee tre points ‘Trconomeray EERE The Double Angle Identities EXERCISE 16H. 1. Simpl (0) 2sin30°c0634¢ (by 2sin23¢00s23° (©) 2ens? 25°—1 (a) 1=2sin? 55° (©) Bsin35°c0538° (9 Yin22 5005229 (@) cos? 40°~sin® 40° (h) 2sin @cosd ©) 2sin200528 ( 6sin20c0s30 (© Vireo © Sosa “ (mn) (n) io Treonad © Fasot 0 a 1Osin 7200810 2oos!30-1 @ osl4a © Sao 2. Given sin =, where 4 is acute, evaluat, without finding 4 cosa () sin24 (© tan24 (@) see2d 3. Given cos # =H, where Bis obtuse, evaluate, without finding B (sing () sin26 (©) cos ©) cot2B 4. Given sin A=—3, and that lies in the Fourth quadrant, evaluate, without finding 4 (@ sin2a (8) c0s24 (6) cosa © sing” ‘3. Suv the following equations for 0< @< 360° (ai Ssin29+3c0s0 =0 () 2sin20-sino=0 (6) 300820+c0s0+1=0 (©) 600820 +sind=5 (€) 2082041 1sind-8 =0 H 20820+8e080+5=0 (6) sin? 20 -cos?@ =0 (6) Tsind0—4c0526=0 (i) 5c0s60+3c0s30+4=0 305260050 =003" 04+2c0s8~2 (kj tan 20424008 =0 © 3sin20+sin tan a‘TRIGONOMETRY 6. Prove the following identities Co ewov die (©) (inden tein (© sn29-tndeimdc020——@) en Ba Oocetd © ee eaoie-md ET was sess A ® 1+ 00826 U ad 0 cos 20+sin® 0 ool o ‘1tan@ Tetum "20 and otd) Sen20 002 o tan’ @-cot® 0 a o ‘oosd+1 a Without using calculators, prove that tan 22.5°= V3 —1 Diana Prove that X1—tan) —24002, tn) and -1Xtan 0-2). Prove that cot20-+tnd=cosee20, Hence, solve 2(cot20+tand)? =5 for 065200" 10. Prove that tand+co10: oO and Oy using 40m of fencing. Find the value of «for which the area of the flowerbed is 5. A 400m long rope is to be used to subdivide part of a private beach into 8 we rectangular sections, each measuring T t= im by ym, a8 shown in the Figure Fin an y such thatthe toa area is @ I ‘maximum, and find the maximum are 6. A.wire of length 36: em is cut into wo places s0 as to form two cree, one of whieh thas radius xem, Find, in terms of, the total area 4 ofthe two circles. Show thatthe ‘minimum value of 4 is obtained when the circles are ofthe same size 7. An open rectangular box is to be made by cutting a square of side em from each ‘comer ofa square sheet of cardboard of side 120cm. Find the dimensions of the box for which maximum volume is obtained, and find the maximum volume &. A-swimming pool takes the shape ofa rectangle of 2 length rm with asemicitle of rads rm at each to is tobe const sch that i pert is 300m, Find the value of hat maximizes (3) the ate oftherectenalarseton fe rach (©) he area ofthe pool. Interpret your au 9, rckstones Factory needs to produce bricks measuring x em by 2x em by hem. The total surface area of each brick has to be 300em?.. Find the volume /of each brick in terms ofr, nd find the value of for Which this volume isa maximumDIFFERENTIATION 10, The current 1 in a device varies with time ¢ in minutes such that T=4(¢ ~151+63) Amps. The device is switched on for 8 minutes. Sketch the graph ‘of Fagainst and find the time st which the curent isa minimum. Algo find the range of values of fr which the current is less than 1 Amps. 1 Ina particular topical country, i is predicted that the monthly rainfall, in mm, fom January to September, is related to x, the cardinal position of he corespending month, by the equation # =x" 50x? +210x-+50, where xis natural number from | to 9. Find the months which give rise to maximum and minimum rainfall 12, Ata factory producing dolls the price p in $ at which dois are sold depends on the predicted daly demand x, such that p=10-0.001x. The factory produces the predicted amount ata cost in $ given by C=2000-+ 3, (@) Find the cost, revenue ad profit ithe predicted daily demand is 3000 dolls. () Find the cost, revenue and proft ithe predicted daily demand is $000 dol. (6) Find the cost, revenue and loss ithe predicted daly demand is 8000 dos (@) How many dols should ideally be sold daily to yield maximum profi? (6) Find the minimum and maximum numberof dolls that need to be sold inorder to smakea profit. 13, An open reservoir has a square base of side x m. Iti tobe constructed out of strong, thick metal shets such as to hold 32m’ of water. Show thatthe intemal surface area, ofthe reservoir is given by: sae 428 Find the value ofx for which Sis a minimum. 14. The base ofa cuboid measures 2x cm by 3x cm. Given thatthe volume ofthe cuboid 1s 7372.8 em, show thatthe ll surfce area of the euboi is given by: aia + 22H Find the vale of for which thi are is minimum nd find he nium rea. ‘rem is insribed in a sphere of radius 30cm. Find the volume ofthe eylinder in tems of only and find the value off for ‘hich this volume isa maximum, 16. The enclosure shown inthe figure consists of 7 equilateral triangles of side x m and @ rectangle of width y m. The enclose A -7\ 7 is to be consincied out of 120m of fencing. ‘Show that the area 4 of the enclosure is given by: (EE ewe Find, to two decimal places, the value of. which gives maximum are.Se] ovrersmsnow ESSIEN 17, An enclosure AOB in an arena has the shape of 8 sector ofa crcl: of radius r, such that angle AOB is 6°. The perimeter of the enclosure is 200m. Find the values of rand @ for which the area of the enclosure isa maximum, Also find the maximum area 48. Ata certain factory, the daily cost C, in €, of producing x high-tech mobile phones is given by C= 0.28:° +500x-+10000. Find the number of mobile phones thet need to be produced daily to minimize the average cost of a mobile phone, and find the ‘minimum average cst, 19, Flintstones Film Distributors are discussing the selling price of their new video release, The Retum of The Mammoths, The cost of producing one copy is € Rescarch shows that ata selling price of €p, it can sell S00000~20000 copes. Find ‘the selling price which will yield maximum prof, 20. Gaudos Airlines demands thatthe outside dimensions of hand luggage suitcases ae such that dhe sum ofthe length, width and i Fneight of the suitete must be 180cm or less, What dimensions would 2 luggage with a square base have, to obiain maximum volume? Commenton your answer 21, Two industrial chimneys A and B, 100m spar, are polluing the surounding environment. I i estimated that the pollution level Pin pars per mill at 6 | distance x m measured fom chimney A. towards. chimney By is. given. by P=! ~120x43700. Find the value of x at which the pollution level isa minimum, 1 A local resident claims that itis safer to raside right next to chimney B than 130 from chimaey A (towards B). Is he correct? 22. Poseidon Supplies produces closed cylindrical water tanks of volume 4m? i (2) What should the base radius ofthe tank be to minimize the amount of metal used ! forthe produtien ofthe tank? (©) A workman suggests that using a cuboidal water tank with «square base would ‘minimize the amount of metal even further, Is the workman coneet? Ni 23, A closed container takes the form ofa cylinder having base ead rm and height hm, HH surmounted by a hemispherical cap of radius r m. ‘The volume of the consiner ie } Sr So Mm. Express in terms of rand show that the surface grea of the coniainer is sven by Sar? 12508 4 3 or Show that 4 reaches « minimum and find the value ofr at which this ogcuts. —(EES overenewnarion Differentiating Trigonometric Functions EXERCISE 179 1, Differentiate y= sin from frst principles 2. Differentiate y=tanx from first principles, 3. Differentiate » = seex from first principles. 4, Differentiate the following wrt. x (@) y=2sin (© y=3sins—Seosx (@) y=9-a412sinx ® y=ve+ttoose (o yoteer 0 yesetene ore @ ons (a) y=sin( e+: (0) y=10c0s(s-§) (0) y=sin(x-+a) ‘5. Find the gradient of the curve y=x+S-tsinx at x= (6. Find the equation of the tangent fo the curve y'=2xx7 +4eoss atthe point where the curve cus the yas. 17. Find the eqaation of the tangent fo the curve y= 2sinx atthe point where == 2% Sow, graphically, that his tangent meets the curve again atone oer point 8. Find the equation of the normal [tothe curve y'=6~tan-x atthe point where 2 If meets the x-axis at A and the y-axis at B, ind the ca of trengle AOB. Show, raphcally,that intersects the given curve at an infinite numberof points 9, A finetion is given by /(x)=x44sinx, for OSxS2x. Show that, in the given imerval, the curve has two turing points, and determine their nature. 10, A curve is given by y=3seex. Find the points, inthe interval [0,3], at which the gradient ofthe curve is 2 11, A.curve has equation y=sinx— Y3cosx~Vix, for 05x 2. Find the coordinates ‘ofthe turing points and determine their mature. 12, Acurvehaseqeation y=2s—tanx, for 0x <$. (a) Find the coordinates ofthe turing point and determine its matte. (6) Show thatthe curve crostes the x-axis close to x=1.2 and draw a rough sketch of ‘he curve in the given region ———— moDIFFERENTIATION The Exponential Function and its Derivative EXERCISE 17E |. Evaluate the following, giving your answers to three significant figures me @ e © (@) 26 ©) ve oe 2. Sketch the graph of y=e", stating its domain and range. Find the inverse ofthis Fantion, and sketch the graph of the inverse the same axes, stating its domain and range. 3. Simplify the following without using calculators: @ © woe (@ 2" oe oe @e ty emeonne oe 4. Solve the following equations. From (2) to (4), give your answers to three decimal places: @ éass () &*=20 (©) Se e102 @ NF = (©) 34220) de =Se' 4100 (@) eM -Se 4620 (H) 6-746" © ete 44620 5._ Differentiate the following ws: (a) ya2e45 () yoandet (© yest-2et (@) ya3sineeet (©) vel +300sx () yaSi'48et ‘6 Sketch the graphs ofthe following functions, stating their dom: () yrersd ©) y=6e" © @ = (© yste=1 yader! 7. Find the tuming points, i any, ofthe following curves, and determine thie nature () yeet—ar (b) y= 60x © 8. Consider the function y= 3e"=4, (2) Explain why, as x becomes very large, y =3e (©) Explain why, for large negative values of xy = ~4x (6) Find the turing point of the curve and determine its nature. (€) Sketch the graph ofthe given function, stating is domain and range. 9. Sketch the graph of y =2—e", marking any intercepis and uring points, !SERRE veneration The Logarithmic Function and its Derivative [EXERCISE 17F Different the following ws (@) yetine (@ yos-3inx (© yeee9inx (® yems! (@ yeh (@ y=b2° () y=tan") @ yen(3) © yow(2) ) y=m(3) » v=n( 35) 2, Differentiate y=log, x 3. A funtion is given by y=—Inx. {@) State the domain of the function. (©) Show thatthe cure has one turing point and find its coordinates. (6) Determine the nature of the turing point. {@) Explain win, as «takes very large positive values, y =x (@) Sketch the groph of the given function, tating its range. 4. A function is given by y=? ~3In= (@) State the domain ofthe function. {b) Show thatthe curve as one tuning point and find is coordinates. (6) Determine the nature ofthe turing point. {Sketch the curve, stating its ange. 5. A finetionis given by y'=2Inx+4 (2) State the domain ofthe function. (6) Find the coordinates ofthe turning point and determine its nature {) Sketch the graph ofthe given function, stating its range. (@) Find the equation of the tangent tothe curve at x= 1 6. Afinctionisgivenby y=Ins'+ (a) Prove tat the function is even, and state its domain. {(b) Find the cooedinates ofthe uring point and determine their nature. {6) Sketch the graph ofthe given function, stating its rang. (@) Explain why Ina? +=, bas no rel soon, while ma? real solutions. eeFe DIFFERENTIATION (ESET Differentiating a Function of a Function EXERCISE 17G |. Differentiate the following by using the chain rule: @ y=Qx-1" ® yatsey (@ ye Vivne © yacetsingy? 2. Differentiate the following w.rt. 1: © y=@rary ©) ye(4-3ery6 (@) y=(x+insy? © y=(43tan4 (@) y=QeSseex’ ——(H) y=(?- 20084)" 2 Oe ‘Wom~ssine T © of ©) y=(+008" a @ y= Vestas * 3. Differentiate the following by using the chain cule: (@) y=sinsy () yrevstx (©) yscos(x=1) ©) yssinde 4. Differentiate the following w.rt x (@) yesinax-5) (©) yaeostdes?) (©) yocostes3ins) (©) y=seo(1+32) () yesin(743') yy cos(st 4243) ©) yetanss-4eo12 (ky y=cosees") wre (©) y=sin(6e" +5in2) 5. Differentiate the following by using the chain rule @ yae! () yao @ y=e™ pre ©) y= Qeeossy' ( yetant x ©) y= NOS 0 0 ye-se yt L ° ? "9G siny on © ys (6) y=tan 7 0 y=tan(+ins) ©) yawns (0) y=coseess @ yesintox~3e0s2¢ © yecos(t+12Ve) (0) y=tan( Vira) 19) ys sin( 42) © yne” © yao 7SEHEEA ovrerenaion 6. Differentiate the following w.. (@ pose (mys (o yore? (©) yai2e (ty yale Wye (m yxe +1. iffeentiate the following by using the chain rule: (a) y=inGe* +5) @ yeinreey (b) y= ins (©) yon 425-1) 8, Differentiate the following wit: (@) y=In(20x-3) (@) ya in(aeie") (@ y=i2ene) @ yeh-29" (my=hd-e") oon) 9, Compare the following functions to [/(a)Ts () y= tn(s! 495-1) (©) y=le(eosse+3sin20) (hy y=in(V2-9) w vnc) co rom( 285) tsigonometric function) to diferentite: ( yore" @ yae-30)" @ y=@03eF © yeoo 2x (y= ©) y= 07 D} 6 © "Saar (0) y=t4tan() (0) yeinGsr ~2x43) © yee (h) y=cosa! (&) y=tnsinge oe OFF yee on + wy ©) yale" © yatsnede™ @yne™ 0 ee Oya a (©) y=tn(0x-13) (y= ~Se0525) (© yoln@x=sins) () yatn( 85542) (0) y-=In(2 cos6) 1, tn fx), in FS) (OF any ober {© yesingt-102) (hy =tn0+sin205) ( yrtngset 20477 © youn (©) y=sin(6-2") (8. y=tnG sin) wrem(se5) () y=sinGere™) ee wmvrrezenrarion Function of a Function ~ Further Questions EXERCISE 17H Differentiate the following wer: Le y= (4x43) 4. inx* J. yesin&x-3coslix 8, y= /Pmay 10. y=In vied IL y=sin(4—) 13. ye" 14. y= In(x'+2x—1) 15, y= In(x* +3) 16 yale! M7 yacon243e") 18 yncae's 19. yon 20. yates 21. yur ah yedse 2B. y=(S-200s60' 24, yacoutr-teeeds 25. y2[se4] 26. yain(te ast? 2 ye (ree 31. ye In¢xtan 4x) 32. yx inV2+Tsinl4e 34 yet 3s, reo) i Treas Tote See 12 40. ya coeds)! 46, y= In(22-+sin6x) 8. yom ee a llDFeneNTATON EXERCISE 171 Differentiate the following wrx: LP 4 yee 2 yen 10. yoath3eyt 3h yee 34. ymeosle™) 3 YT sine 4.26 49, y= Viscose 52. yon" 55, yodete?? 2. yelnG-sin4s) 5. ya(6re™)) 8, y=n(2x' sin tx+7) M1 yasin(dease”) oan A ss yen( £8) 2B. yosingx+e™) 26, yesin’) ann 2) 32, ye (1e0t32)? 35. y= VBS 38. y=sin(2-e""*) At, y= five ae we [= lar eed 50, yee) 33. yetn(2-Vi0e3) 36. y=cos*(9x=2) oT aay fa-2") vow(Sza) 2) yxcos"3x y=ta(e sini6s) gains) y=see(3) 10 °° Peanse yacostare") 3 "Fe: 0 OP as=3F) y= log, 2" 3 nse yy 1. y= flr)DIFFERENTIATION [SESTENEUR Differentiating Products EXERCISE 17) 1. Differentiate, simplifying your answers (@) y=ssinds (© yaxte™ (© yale 1K 209" cosse @» @ y=Gr-Nte* wy (resin (o) y=scoss? © yeN3 (@ y=(4x-3)In(4x-3) () y=Qx-sKax+nh () yad-net 2._ Differentiate, simplifying your answers: (@) y=x'costns) (© y=¥ tne") ©) yatre @ y=e™In3s (yas Jircore 8) yee i (m) y= x" In(x* 1 © yout(2) @) yaxe* ingen (8) yscostxVivsin Tx () y=vesin ds () yoxtinx @ yoeun2e y= 2 6s a O yexe" © y=xtnGe-0) (a) yaste () y=e'cosxt () yer" 0 yaVie® } (0) y= desect2e @) y=VR2+30" (@) yesinaxingsinasy } () yesin2

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