Quick Notes Islamiyat PDF

Islamiyat GCE O LEVEL & IGCSE
Quick Notes Islamiyat P-1
Compiled by Tahir Ali Babir

0333-4428921
The history and importance of the Qur’an

The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
The first Islamic community
Sir Tahir Ali Babir BSS, Pak Turk , Scarsdale International, LACAS, LGS and PAS
E;mail tahiralibabir@gmail.com 0333-4428921

0333-4428921 Phone0333428921tahiralibabar
QUICK NOTES P-1 Islamiyat
2
HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF QUR'AN

Qur'an has 30 Paras, it is further divided into 4 parts, like quarter, half, two third and
full. It has 558 Ruku. It has 114 Surah, 6349 Ayats including Bismillah at the start of
Surah; numbers of Makki Surah are 86 while Madani are 28. The first revelation is first
five Ayats of Surah Alaq “Iqra bismi Rabbikallazi khalaq, (read in the name of Allah who
has created) in the cave of Hira. The last Ayat “Al yoma Akmaltu lakum deenukum wa
atmamtu alaikum naemati wa razeetu lakumul Islama deena, (today We have
accomplished your Deen for you…..) during last sermon in Arafat. The longest Surah of
Qur'an is Surah Bagra having 286 Ayats, and the shortest Surah is Surah e Kausar having
3 Ayats. Total period of revelation is 23 years.
QUR'AN IN LEGAL THINKING

Qur'an deals in basic principles of Islam. All basic commandments concerning human
beings and universe are dealt with Qur'an. Therefore no legal system without
injunctions of Qur'an is possible. Allah says, "Qur'an is the book of Allah in which there
are Awamir (commands) and nawahi.”
SUNNAH IN LEGAL SYSTEM: Sunnah of Prophet deals with every explanation to the
commands of Allah. Without Sunnah we cannot make any law in Islam, even though that
in worship, social, economic, criminal or political law. Qur'an says, "Obey Allah and obey
Messenger." "Prophet does not say of his own accord until and unless a revelation came
to him." (Qur'an)
IJMA IN LEGAL THINKING: Ij ma is a consensus of opinion carried out by the companions
of Prophet SAW, Jurists of the time and general public at large on the question of law.
Qur’an says, "Obey Allah and Obey Messenger and those who have authority among
you." "And make counsel among yourselves." (Qur'an).
There are ready references for us during the life of Prophet SAW, like battle of Uhad,
Battle of Trench. During the Caliphat of Abu Bar Siddique RA, the compilation of Qur'an,
Umar Farooq RA congregation of Trawih, and two Azans during the period of Uthman RA.
Ijma is Qaoli, Faeli, and Sakuti as well. It is also an Azimmah and Rukhsa in its nature. It
can be abrogated only by the same class of people who carried out.
QIYAS IN LEGAL THINKING: It is analogical deduction of Qur'an, Sunnah and Ijma.

Qur'an says, "So take lesson 0 you have eyes." A famous Hadith of Mua'z bin Jabal RA is
relevant reference in this context, when he replied to Prophet SAW, "I will develop my
personal opinion in case of any solution not found in Qur'an and Sunnah." (Hadith)
There are four pillars of Qiyas, " As1 (Root), Far (Branch), Illat (Cause), Hokm (Rule).
There are two famous Qiyas carried out, one for intoxication, and second for Tobacco
use, beetle leaf, and snuff etc.
LIFE IN MAKKAH
CONDITION OF ARABIA BEFORE BIRTH OF PROPHET SAW SOCIAL CONDITION: There
were no civil rights for anyone especially for women. Might was the right of time.
Sir Tahir Ali Babar BSS, Pak Turk , Scarsdale International, LACAS, LGS and PAS
E;mail tahiralibabar9@gmail.com 0333-4428921
3
ECONOMIC CONDITION: Arab was consisted upon desert/uncultivated land. Trade was
their main economic.
RELIGIOUS CONDITION: There were multiple religions in Arabia; a common among
them was idol worshipping.
POLITICAL CONDITION: There was a tribal system, therefore no proper government
was established. Chiefs of the tribes were responsible for any decision relating to their
tribe. They used to elect a Chief of Chiefs among them who rule them. Darun-Nadva was
their Assembly.
PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SAW)

• Holy Prophet was born in 570/571. A.D 22nd April.
• Father name, Hazat Abdullah AS, Mother Name, Hazrat Amna SA. Maternal Grand
Father's name Wahib bin Abdul Munnaf. • Maternal Grandmother name Barrah. • Real
name of Abdu Mutalib was Shaiba. • Grandmother name, Fatima. • 10 Uncles and 6
aunts. His foster mother was Haleema Saadia. He remained with her for five years. His
foster father was Hazrat Harith. Sheema was the foster sister of Holy Prophet SAW.
Abduallh Bin Harith was the foster brother of Prophet. • Besides Hazrat Haleema,
Hazrat Sobiya the slave girl of Abu Lahab, Umm e Aiman and Hazrat Khola hint Manzar
RA also fostered him. At the age of 6 his mother Amna SA took him to the grave of his
father and maternal relatives. On return mother died at Abwa. He was taken back to
grandfather by Umm e Aiman, a slave girl. He was taken over to rear by his grandfather
till he reached to eight year of age. At the time of death of his grandfather Abdul Mutalib,
willed to his son and uncle of Prophet SAW Abu Talib to look after Muhammad SAW.
The Prophet SAW used to rear the herds of Quraish in the valley of Qarareet or one
quarter of dirham / milk per specification. • Prophet journeyed to Syria with Abu Talib
at 12 years and met with Serges the Christian Monk of Busra known as Buhaira the
Monk. Who confirmed the prophet hood of Muhammad SAW, and advised to Abu Talib
to take back as the Jews will hurt him. At the age of fifteen he took part in Harb-ul-Fijjar.
In this battle he only assisted his uncles. At the age of 17 he became signatory to Halful
Fudul along with his uncle Zubair in the house of Abdullah bin Jud'an. He along with his
friends rescued a daughter of Jew merchant and a payment of merchant from Abu Jahl
due to Halful Fudul. At the age of 19 he became salesman in a perfume shop of Iddi bin
Harb in Makkah for two years. • At the age of 25 the Prophet took charge of the business
of Khadija tul Kubra, and led business caravan to Syria. At Busra he met with Nastura
the Monk who confirmed the Prophet hood of Muhammad SAW. On successful return
Maisra the slave of Khadija told the Qualities of Prophet to her. She impressed and a
friend of Khadija Nafeesa carried message of Nikah. He married to Hazrat Khadija at the
age of 25 while she was 40.
She was twice widowed having three kids from former husbands. His khutba of Nikah
was solemnized by his uncle Abu Talib for 4000 bridal money from the side of Prophet
and from the side of Khadija RA Warqa Bin Naufal conducted the Khutba. from the side
4
• Holy Prophet SAW had 4 daughters and 2 sons from Hazrat Khadija and one son from
Mariya Qibtiya. At the age of 35 the Prophet SAW amicably settled the dispute of fixing
of Black Stone. The Prophet SAW remained in meditation during this age till 40 years.
During Shah e Qadr in the cave of Hira the first revelation at the age of 40 received by
Prophet SAW , which was, "Read in the name of Rabb who has created." T h e Prophet
SAW was taken to Warqa Bin Naufal where he confirmed the prophet-hood. Hazrat
Khadija accepted Islam first in women and all his daughters accepted Islam first after
their mother. • Hazrat Abu Bakar accepted first in Men. • Hazrat All accepted first in
Children. • All Ashra Mubashara companions of Prophet accepted Islam during earlier
period. After first revelation of Cave of Hira there has been a period of FATARAT-UL-
WAHI (discontinuation of Wahi) for 3 days/ 2years or three years. The mostly accepted
period is 3 years. After that period Surah Ad Duha and Al Furqan revealed to him. After
that the revelation came to Prophet SAW (WANZIR ASHEERATAKA. And warn your
relatives." He arranged a grand feast in donor of his relatives and asked them to accept
Islam, which they condemned. Then another revelation regarding general invitation to
people revealed to him of Surah Al Mudassir," 0 you wrapped up in blanket; stand up
and give warning," He called the people upon Mount of Safa and put forth the belief of
Allah which was condemned, but the certification of Truthfulness and Trustworthy was
issued in favour of Prophet SAW forever. Till 5th of PH almost all foremost companions
of Prophet entered in Islam. The Prophet SAW prayed to Allah either for Amar bin
Hisham or Umar bin Al Khitab for acceptance of Islam. The pray accepted in favour of
Umar Bin Al Khitab RA and he entered in Islam in 5/6 PH. He was titled by Prophet SAW
as "Al Farooq." Hazrat Bilal Habshi bin Rabah was the first slave to accept Islam. He was
slave of ummaya bin khalf, who tortured him badly due to his acceptance of Islam. He
was purchased by Abu Bakr and released. Hazrat Habab, Hazrat Ammar and others
were badly tortured by Abu jahl and others. Hazrat Summaya and Hazrat Yasir were the
first martyred in the way of Islam in Makkah. Wife of Abu Lahab, Umm e Jamil used to
plant thrones in the way of Prophet SAW.
• Home of Hazrat Irqam RA. (Dar e Imam) was used as the center of secret preaching by
the Holy prophet SAW.
Due to persecution of Quraish the Prophet directed his followers to migrate towards
Abyssinia in 5 Ph, in which 12 +3/4 Muslims men and women took part.
In 7 PH a second migration to Abyssinia took place in which 79+22/23 Muslims men
and women participated including Hazrat Jafar At Tayyar bin Abu Talib. Hazrat Jafar RA
made a sermon in the court of Yemen King Samee/Asmaha known as Negus /Najashi. •
In 7th PH boycott of Banu Hashim began which lasted in 3 years. In 10th PH the termite
eaten up the text of boycott except the name of Prophet and Allah, thus it last.
In 10th PH the Prophet's beloved uncle Hazrat Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadila died. This
year the 10th PH was mourned by Prophet as Aam ul Huzn (Year of Grief).
• The Prophet SAW married to Hazrat Sauda RA in 10 PH and she became the second
wife of Holy Prophet.
VISIT OF TAIF On disappointment from Makkan's side the Prophet visited Ta 'if on the
invitation of few chiefs of Taif with his slave Zaid bin Haritha by foot. On knowing Abu
5
Jahl also sent a band of scoundrels and an envoy with letter to chiefs of Ta'if for non-
accommodation of Prophet SAW. The Prophet remained there for 10 days; he met with
all chiefs, but of no use.
On his return he was stoned by young scoundrels of Ta'if and Makkan's band. The
Prophet had to take shelter in a vine yard of Rabiya of Makkah/ a Christian Malik. His
two sons Utba and Shaba bin Rabiya gave fresh water along with ripe grapes, and their
slave Adas accepted Islam.
GabrieI appeared with the angel of mountain to crush Taifans, but the Prophet SAW
forgave them.
ASCENSION / MAERAj:
On return from Ta'if the Prophet was disturb about the situations, because during whole
Makkah period despite of all out efforts only 125 to 150 people accepted Islam. And the
Taif journey also did not become fruitful. Therefore Allah for the satisfaction and
appeasement of Prophet took him to Ascension. Ascension has two parts: (i) Visit from
Masjid e Haram to Masjid e Aqsa. (ii) Ascension towards Heavens. Allah says in Qur'an,
"Glorified is the One who took on visit his servant from Masjid e Hamm to Masjid e
Aqsa." Gabriel took him on Buraq till Aqsa. In the way he was directed to pray two rakat
nafil in Madinah, Babal', Egypt, Koh e Tur, Bait Al-Laham etc.
From Aqsa to Heavens during Ascension the Prophet met with Hazrat Adam on first Sky.
• Hazrat Isa and Hazrat Yahya and Hazrat Zakariya on 2nd. • Hazrat Yousaf (josaph) on
3rd. • Hazrat idrees on 4th. • Hazrat Harron (Aron) on 5th. • Hazrat Musa (moses) on
6th. • Hazrat Ibraheem (Abraham) on 7th. He visited Bait-ul-Mamur where angels are
circumambulating like mankind around Ka'aba. He met with Allah and visited all of his
creations like Heaven and Hell, Angels and Loh e Mahfuz (Preserved Tablet). On return
the Prophet SAW was gifted by Allah with 5 times prayers a day for Ummah.
On reaching to Baitul Maqdas before Heavens journey or on return back from Heaven he
led all Prophets and Messengers in prayers in Masjid e Aqsa.
When the Prophet told to Pagans of Makkah for his tour, they all ridiculed but Abu Bakr
RA acknowledged the Ascension without suspicion; therefore Allah bestowed upon him
the title of As-Siddique forever.
BAIT E AQABA: During 11th PH six peiole of Aus triabe from Yathrib at Aqaba accepted
Islam.
Nest year 12 person accepted Islam and took oath of Allegiance to Prophet (Bait e
Aqaba OULA). The Prophet sent with them his two companions as preachers named,
Masab bin Umair and Abdullah bin Umme Maktum RA.
In 13the PH 75 people took oath of allegianceon the hand of Prophet SAW (Bait e Aqaba
Thani). Imam Abu Says that there were three Baits, Oula, Thani and Salasa.
PROFESSOR RIAZ MUHAMMAD ARIF GOHARJANI

6
MIGRATION TO YATHRIB: The Prophet left for migration to Madinah during the last
days of 13th PH. He left back on his bed Ali RA directing him to pay back all belonging of
Quraish kept with him as trust.
He accompanied with Abu Bakr RA, remained in cave of Thaur for three days. Snack, the
pigeons laying eggs, spiders cobweb and growth of shrub of Gheelan incidents took
place. Allah saved them from tracing out by Makkans, by saying, “Do not grieve Allah is
with us.” (Qur’an)
The son of Abu Bakr, Abdur Rehman used to bring news and daughter Asma, food for
Prophet, and his Shepherd Amir bin Faheera used to bring his herd bear cave for milk at
night.
Abdullah bin Ureeqat (Jew/Christian) became guide of travel from Thaur to Quba, as
hired by Abu Bakr RA.
Al-Qaswa is the name of camel on which Prophet SAW travelled.
In this travel from Thaur to Quba there were 4 persons, the Prophet, Abu Bakr, Abdullah
bin Ureeqat (the Guide), and Amir bin Faheera the slave of Abu Bakr.
On the way Suraqa bin Malik Jahshami incident of chasing and Umme Mabad Milk event
took place.
The Prophet gave good news to Suraqa of having ornaments of Kisra the king of Persia.
Hazrat Umar RA after the conquest of Persia banded over these ornaments to Suraa RA.
Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam RA trade caravan met with the Prophwt and he presented to
him white dressing with was put on by Prophet SAW.
Another trade caravan of Talha bin Ubaidullah also met with Prophet and he also
presented some gifts to him and Abu Bakr RA. On the way the Prophet had encountered
with Burida bin Husaib Al Aslami RA. He came to kill the Prophet but after interaction
he along with his 70 men accepted Islam and accompanied the Prophet till Yathrib. The
distance was covered by twelve/fifteen days from Makkah to Quba, 3 days stay in Cave
of Saur and 9/12 days from Thaur to Quba.
• On reaching Quba Prophet built a Masjid e Quba.
Hazrat All joined him in Quba. Prophet stayed there for 10/14 days. In between Quba
and Madinah the first Jurnma Prayers was performed in Banu Salim's area. A Masjid e
Ghabib was erected in a place where first lumina was performed. The Madinites young
girls and boys welcomed him by singing and song, "TALA AL BADRU ALA1NA.
The Prophet's she camel Qaswa halted near the house of Abu Ayyub Ansari, and thus he
stayed there.
The Prophet received the letter of Tubba the King in his name after one thousand and
53 years of his death from Abu Ayyub Ansari or from his deputed men Abu 'Alla.
FIRST YEAR OF HIJRA : Hijra era of Muslims calendar was introduced by Hazrat Urnar
RA during his 7th year of Caliphate. The universal Muslim Brotherhood was introduced
first within three months of migration to Madinah. (AL MUSLIM Akhul MUSLIM: The
Muslims are brother to Muslims). (Hadith) Prophet purchased Masjid land at Medinah
from two orphan brothers Sehl and Suhail bin Rafih for 10 Miskal gold /ten Dinar /
7
10,000 dirhams. The amount was paid by Abu Bala Siddique RA and a Masjid was built
forthwith. The Prophet himself took part in its construction as labour. It was simple
Masjid of beam and pillars of trunk of date palm. •
Charter of Madina was signed between Jews and Muslims during ist A.H which
established the authority of Prophet as Chief justice, Commander In Chief and Head of
State. Azan was introduced in 1st AH, for which Abdullah bin Zaid RA and Hazrat Umar
RA saw a dream of same words in which Azan is being called now a days, Jibrael AS
appeared to Prophet with the approval of the same and thus it was introduced.
SECOND YEAR OF HIJRA: The Prophet SAW marriage with Hazrat Ayesha RA was
solemnized. Permission from Allah to fight in the way of Allah was granted in 2AH.
Qur’an says, "Fight in the way of Allah with those who fight with you." Change of Qibla
was permitted in 2 AH, as Allah says, "Indeed We saw your face turning toward Heaven;
therefore turn your face towards the Qibla of your choice." (Qur'an) Fasting became
obligatory in 2 AH, for which Allah says, "0 believers! Fasting have become obligatory
upon you as were obligatory upon those before you." (Qur'an) Sadaqa-e-Eid-u1-Fitr
became obligatory in 2AH. Allah say, "And pay Sadagat." (Qur'an) Eid-ul-Fitr became
obligatory in 2AH. Zakah became obligatory. As Allah says, "And pay Zakah." (Qur'an)
Law of Qisas and Diyat was promulgated in 2AH. Allah says, "And for you there is a life
in Qisas." Hazrat Fatima RA wedded to Ali RA.
Ghazwa is a war/fight/expedition in which the Prophet SAW himself led. There are 19
Maghazi (plural of Ghazwa) in which the Prophet SAW participated. (Imam Bukhari,
Imam Muslim, Ibn e Ishaq, Ibn e Kasir). But Ibn e Sa'as in Tabgat ul Kubra says that the
Maghazi in which Prophet himself participated are 27. The first Ghazwa is Al-Abwa
Waddan and the last one is Ghazwa e Tabuk. Out of these 19/27, only in 9 Ghazwat fight
took place. Sarya is a war/fight/expedition in which the Prophet's companion led the
army. There are 56/64 Siraya fought during the life of Prophet SAW. The total number
of Ghazwat and Siraya are 83.
BATTLE OF BADR 2AH : Qur'an says, "Indeed We helped you in the battle of Badr when
you were weak."
Alah named this battle as "YOM UL FURQAN" in Qur'an (8:41) was fought on Friday
17th of Ramadan 2AH. Commander of Muslim force was Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Total number of Muslim fighters was 313/315/319. There were only two horses with
Muslims. 11 Muslims were not fully equipped with arms; some had wooden rods and
hardily available stones to throw. It was fought at a place of Badr some 80 Arabic miles
away from Madinah. Badr is the name of well. Prophet left for battle field on 12th of
Ramadan on Saturday. The commander of Quraish forces was Abu Jahl. Number of
Quraish forces was 900/1000. They were well equipped in all respect. Ibn Abdul Asad
was the first who killed by Hazrat Hamza RA.Utba bin Rabiya, his brother Shaiba and his
son Waleed came forward for one on one fight. Ma'az and Abdullah bin Rawaha
accepted their challenge but rejected. Ubaidah, Hamza and Ali were sent by Prophet and
they killed them all. general fight started in which 14 Muslims martyred and 70 infidels
8
killed; 70 captured as captives. Captives were released for ransom / for teaching 10
Mslim children read to write. Their leader Abu Jahl was also killed by Muaz and Mauz.
Ubaida bin Jarrah killed his father for the cause of Islam. Muslims became victorious in
this battle and thus the impact of Mulim were stamped on whole Arabia especially in
outskirts of Mad ina. Jews tribe Banu Qainqa was expelled from Madinah due to breach
of Treaty of Madinah.
BATTLE OF UHAD 3 AH
Qur’an says, "Do not think of those who killed in the way of Allah dead; they alive with
their Rabb and being fed." (Surah Aal-e- Imran: 169). Prophet called meeting in Masjid e
Nabavi, in which Abdullah bin Ubai also took part. Prophet along with Abdullah bin Ubai
proposed to stay m Madinah and defend the attack.
Majority of Muslims proposed to go out and fight as we are not cowardice. Their
proposal was accepted. Uhad is 3 Arabic miles away from Madinah. Muslim forces were
led by Prophet Muhammad SAW. They left Madinah with the force of 1000 but in the
way Abdullah bin Ubai detached his 300 men. Thus the Muslim army reduced to 700
men. In this battle Muslim forces were also not fully equipped. The enemy forces were
led by Abu Suffiyan. Their number was 3000 fully equipped along with 200 horse men.
The Prophet stationed his 50 archers under Abdullah bin Jubair, on Ainain pass with
final instructions "Not to leave the place until my orders reach to you in any case."
(Hadith) Abu Aamir of Aus also took part in this war from the side of enemy. First phase
of war was in favour of Muslims, about 150 plus from the side of enemy killed. The
Muslims loss was 32 in this first phase. On seeing the victory of Muslims 40 archers
despite staying orders left the pass. Khalid bin walid and hawk warier saw an
opportunity and took round with his 200 horsemen and attacked from behind and
incurred a heavy loss. Wahashi bin Harb a slave of Jubair bin Mut'am martyred Hazrat
Hamza RA. Hinda the wife of Abu Suffiyan molested the body of Hazrat Hamza. The
Prophet got injuries, two teeth of Prophet broken, Total toll of Muslim loss was 70. Allah
Says in Qur'an, "You got loss on that day but the loss of enemy was greater than you."
The Muslims chased the forces of enemy under Hazrat Ali for about 10 miles but they
left without looking back.
OTHER ILNCIDENTS OF 3RD HIJRA Marriage of Prophet SAW with Hazrat Hafsa RA the
daughter of Umar RA. Marriage of Umm e Kulsum RA, the daughter of Prophet with
Hazrat Uthman RA. Marriage of Prophet with Hazrat Zainab hint Huzaima RA. Birth of
Hazrat Imam Hassan RA.
EVENTS OF 4TH YEAR OF HIJRA

Expulsion of Banu Nadhir from Madinah due to breach of Charter of Madinah and their
planning to kill the Prophet SAW. To meet the challenge of Abu Sufiyan Prophet moved
towards Badr with his 1400 companions in 4AH, but he did not come. The Prophet SAW
married to Umm e Salma in 4AH. Intoxication was forbidden forever in 4AH. EVENTS OF
5TH YEAR OF HIJRA The Prophet SAW married to Javaria hint Harith. Incident of IFK
took place in 4AH.
9
BATLE OF KHANDAK / AHZAB TRENCH:

Allah says in Surah Ahzab, "When believers saw the army of Ahzab, they said, 'This is
the army for which Allah had promised and it increased in their belief." The battle of
Khandaq was held in the month of Shawal 5AH. When Prophet learnt about the venture
of Ahzab he held meeting in war council in which the proposal of Hazrat Salmon Farsi
RA was accepted for digging out Trench. The Prophet SAW distributed the area for
digging out trench among his companions at a ratio of 10 men/40 yards. The minimum
depth was 5yards and width 5yards. During digging of trench a huge rock appeared,
which was broken by Prophet SAW in three strikes, and gave good news of conquest of
Iran, Roman Empire and Yemen to his followers. is trench was dug out within 7days.
Sufiyan wrote a letter to Prophet SAW, "By Lat and Uzza I am reaching to finish you,
even though you dug out trench for your protection." The Prophet SAW replied,"Allah is
All-Powerful to protect me and Islam from your evil designs." The major allied tribes
against Muslims in this battle were Quraish, Jews and Banu Ghitfan along with many
other small tribes. They had 10000 to 12000 forces. Umroo bin Abde Wud crossed the
trench at a weak point and killed by Ali RA. The enemy forces remained in besieging
Madinah for about 30 days.
Banu Quraiza joined Quraish from inner side of Madinah but quick action of Prophet
and the help of Allah turned the tide in favour of Muslims. One night Allah sent his
forces and desert storm against allied forces, they were uprooted, early in the morning
the plain was empty. The Prophet SAW said, "After this year Quraish will never attack
you forever." (Hadith) Nine companions of Prophet SAW got martyrdom including Sad
bin Ma'az RA. Only three infidels killed including Umroo bin Abde Wud. Allah gave
victory to Muslims in the battle of Khandaq. anu Quraiza the last Jews tribe of Madinah
was expelled from Madinah and their male were killed due to breach of Charter of
Madinah. The Prophet SAW married to Zainab hint Jahash in 5AH. The Haj became
obligatory in 5 AH, but the performance was delayed till 9AH and 10AH.
EVENTS OF 6TH YEAR OF HIJRA : In this year 2 Ghazwat and 12 Siraya were happened.
TREATY OF HUDAIBIYA On the request of companions and will of Allah Prophet SAW
left for Makkah for Umara with his 1400/1500 followers. Qur'an says, "Indeed We have
given you great victory." Quraish dispatched a contingent of 200 horsemen under
Khalid bin Walid to encounter in the way, but it could not happen. During month of Zee
Qad in 6AH the Prophet reached at a place called Hudaibiya near Makkah. Hudaibiya is
name of well of water. Prophet SAW sent Hazrat Uthman RA to dialogue with Quraish
for permission. Due non return of Uthman RA the rumor of his death spread. The
Prophet SAW took an oath from his followers to take revenge of Uthman, which is called
"BAIT E RIZWAN." Allah says, "Indeed Allah became pleased with them who took oath
on your hand under a tree; Allah's hand is on their hand." (Qur'an) The enemy
frightened and sent his delegation under their expert ambassador Suhail bin Malik.
10
The treaty was signed between Prophet SAW and pagans of Makkah, for ten years peace,
freedom of allies to join with anyone etc. The followers of Prophet SAW were
uncomforted with the conditions of treaty but Allah declared it as, "Great Victory."
EVENTS OF 7TH YEAR OF HIJRA The Prophet SAW sent letters to various kings, Amirs,
Head of states for acceptance of Islam. Cyrus of Egypt, sent presents to Prophet among
them was Mariya Qibtiya RA who married to Prophet. Khusrao Pervaiz insulted the
ambassador. Heraclius treated the envoy in well manner. Sre/Asm'a known as Negus
the king of Yemen accepted Islam. irs of Amman and Bahrain also accepted Islam.
GHAZWA E KHYBER Khyber is 96 Arabic miles away from Madinah towards Syria. It is
fertile land of orchards and agriculture. It was divided into three parts having three
chains of Hasun (forts). (1) Hasun An Natat, haing three forts. Al Na'em, Al Sa'ab, Qaltu
Zubair. (2) Hasun Al Shaq, having two forts. Abi, Albara/Albareed. (3) Hasun Al Katiba,
having three forts. Al Qamus, Al Watee, Salalam. The Jews strength was 40000. On
return from Hudaibiya the Prophet SAW learnt about the preparation of Jews to attack
on Madinah. The Prophet SAW decided to attack them first Zig with his same men who
were in Hudaibiya including 100 more. The strength of Muslim force was 1500/1600.
The Prophet travelled swiftly and reached there within 3 days. the Prophet SAW
declared principles of war alike; cutting of fruit tree, devastating crops, polluting water,
killing children, women old men and those Nho surrender, destroying the enemy
worship centers is forbidden. The Prophet put siege to the forts and engaged all by
targeting one the Al Na'eem, which became invincible despite of two days efforts under
Abu Bakr RA and Umar RA.
The Prophet said, “Tomorrow I will give flag to whom Allah and Prophet loves a lot.” Ali
RA has an ailment of eyes, so the Prophet put his salvia in his eyes and he became well.
The Prophet handed over the flag to him and he killed Marhab and conquered the forte
of Qamus.
The whole chain of forts was Conquered by Prophet within 20/25 days. The prophet
SAW married to Safiya bin Huye bin Ahtab. The Prophet handed over all properties and
orchards to Jews on tenancy (crops share basis). On the way hack he conquered Wad ul
Qura and Fadak peacefully.
During the month of Zee Qad the Prophet SAW went to Makkah to offer Umrat ul Qaza in
7AH.
Qur'an says, "Allah has bought the lives and properties
of believers for Paradise.”
Battle of Muta was fought during the month of Jamadi Awal 8AH against Romans to take
revenge of killing of Muslim ambassador Hazrat Harith bin Umair. The Prophet SAW
dispatched an army of 3000 under three commanders, Hazrat Zaid bin Harith, Hazrat
Jafar At Tayyar, Hazrat Abdullah bin Rawaha one after another. The strength of enemy
forces was 100/150/200 thousands. Within three days of fight the three nominated
commanders of Prophetmartyred. Khalid bin Waleed was elected by believers as their
commander. He fought for further eight days and killed as many as 20000/25000
soldiers ) of enemy, and pulled back his forces without heavy loss. The loss of Muslims
was 12 only.
11
CONQUEST OF MAKKAH : Allah says in Qur'an, "Say the Truth has prevailed and
falsehood has vanished, he falsehood was destined to vanish indeed."
A Banu Bakr the allied tribe of Quraish attacked Banu Khuzah the allied tribe of Muslims
with their help and killed 23 men and burnt their belongings; thus violated the treaty of
Hudaibiya which became cause of conquest of Makkah. The Prophet sent Hazrat Zamra
RA as an ambassador to put forth three conditions to pagans of Makkah. [1] Pay blood
money to Khuzah [2] Cnacel your alliance with Banu Bakr [3] Dissolve the treaty of
Hudaibiya. The pagans of Makkah accepted the Dissolution of Treat y. After return of
Hazrat Zamra RA they felt the gravity of situation and gent Abu Sufiyan towards
Madinah but it was of no use. The Prophet moved from Madinah along with his
10000/12000 followers on 10th Ramadan 8AH towards Makkah. They camped at Marr
uz Zuhran near Makkah and lit fire throughout the whole valley. Abu Sufiyan along with
Hakim bin Huzam and Budail bin Warqa was on spy mission, he was captured and
brought to Prophet SAW. Early in the morning he accepted Islam and his house was
granted the status of Dar ul Amn. The Prophet distributed his army in 4 parts under
Khalid bin Waleed, (from North) Abu Ubaida bin Jarrah for immigrants (from North
West) Hazrat Zubair bin Awam (from South), Sa'ad bin Abada for Ansa'ar (from West)
and central Part under self (Prophet SAW). Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed had encountered
with Banu Bakr and his contingent kiled 23 and from Muslim side there were two
martyred only. The Prophet SAW entered Makkah with head down declaring the day as
"YOM ALMARHAMA." The conquest of Makkah was made on 20th of Ramadan 8AH. The
Ka'bah was cleared from 360 idols and their La'at, Mamat, Uzza and Hobel were
destroyed. Makkans were granted full amnesty, even the staunch enemies like Hinda,
Hahashi bin Harb also forgiven. He stayed in Makkah for 15/21 days, and before leaving
he appointed Atab bin said 21 years old young man as Wali (Governor) of Makkah.
BATTLE OF HUNAIN
Allah says in Qur'an "Allah helped you out in many battlefields and the on the day of
Hunain too, when you became proud of your majority, which did not worked for you."
The area of Hawazan tribe named after a well Hunain was 14/15 Arabic miles away
from Makkah.
The place where the fight took place is called AUTAS, therefore it is also called a battle
of Autas. Hawazan and Quraish had been in regular fight among themselves for long,
Harab ul Fijjar is the ready reference to this context. Even though the Makkans
submitted to Prophet but Hawazan of Hunain and Banu Saqeef of Ta'if took a different
route to fight Muslims. The Hawazan leader Malik bin Auf and Banu Saqeef leader
Kanana bin Abd Yalail brought 20000 forces along with their children, females and all
cattle to 'the battlefield so that they may fight wholeheartedly. When Prophet reached in
the valley with his 10000-12000/12000-14000 followers to attack them they hurled
stones and arrows from both sides of the valley and thus created panic. Due to which all
deserted the Prophet SAW except 50/500 companions. On recalling by Prophet SAW
they rejoined and attacked Hawazans and defeated them. Qur'an says, "Allah sent 5000
12
angels to help Muslims on that day." The Prophet SAW took handful of sand and threw
towards enemy, for which Allah says in Qur'an, "The sand which you threw was not
thrown by you it was actually thrown by Allah Himself." Their leader Malik bin Auf fled
away from the battlefield for Ta'if along with thousands others and 6000 brought as
captives. Hazrat Sheema RA the foster sister of Prophet SAW was also among them, who
was released afterwards. A huge booty of war was earned by Muslims including camels
24000, goats 40000, and 4000 auqia gold and silver. The loss of Muslims in Hunain was
19 and 1300 enemies were killed.
SEIGE OF TA'IF: During the month of Shawal 8 AH Prophet SAW moved from Hunain
towards TA'if. The meaning of Ta'if is walled city. When they knew about the
approaching of Muslim forces they closed all gates of city and sit in there forte. The
Prophet dispatched 1000 men under Khalid bin Waleed to take siege of the forte. For
long 20/30 days siege it did not become fruitful, so by the will of Allah, the Prophet
lifted the siege and came back. In Ta'if 12 believers were martyred. And the enemy loss
was 23. The Prophet SAW came back to Jaerana, he distributed the booty of war. Malik
bin Auf came to accept Islam, the Prophet released 6000 captives without ransom. The
Prophet SAW put on Ihram and went for Umra; as it was his third Umra. After
Performing of Umra the Prophet SAW came back to Madinah.
During 8th year of Hijra the sentence of cutting hands to thief was promulgated.
EVENTS OF 9th YEAR OF HIJRA: A number of Siraya were fought during this year. About
52 delegations of various tribes came to accept Islam in Madinah. Masjid e Zarar was
demolished and put to fire in 9AH. Abdullah bin Ubay a leader of hypocrites was died in
9AH. Banu Saqeef of Ta'if came to Madinah for acceptance of Islam in 9 AH.
Samee/Asma'ha the king of Yemen known as Negus died in 9 AH and Prophet SAW
offered his funerals in absence in Madinah. Hazrat Umm e Kulsum RA the daughter of
Prophet SAW died. Hazrat Abu Bakr led Hujjaj Kiram for Haj as "Amir-ul-Hajj."
Delegation of Iddi bin Hatim Tai' came to accept Islam. Hazrat Ibrahim RA the son of
Prophet SAW died in 9AH. Hazrat Abu Musa Ash'ari RA and Mu'az bin jabl RA sent to
Yemen as Collector and Governor in 9AH.
GHAZWA E TABUK 9 AH : Allah says in Qur'an, "Go to fight in the way of Allah, even
though you are rich or poor, by yourself and wealth; it is better for you if you know."
The Prophet SAW learnt about the preparations of attack on Madinah by Heraclius, so
he decided to attack first. Tabuk is the name of place, situated some 700/900 miles
away from Madinah towards Syria. It was the last Ghazwa of Prophet SAW.
It was held in the month of Rajab 9 Ali during hot and harvesting season of Madinah
after long spell of drought. This Ghazwa became criterion of distinction between
believers and hypocrites. The Prophet SAW asked for contribution to meet the expanses
of war. All Muslims contributed to their last extent. Women gave their ornaments to
Prophet SAW. Hazrat Abu Bakr RA contributed all what he had. By asking Prophet what
he left for his family? A historical sentence was spoken by him in reply, "I have left for
13
my family behind; Allah and his Messenger SAW." Hazrat Umar Farooq RA contributed
half of what he had. Hazrat Uthman RA bore all expanses of 1/3rd army, 1000/10000
Gold Dinars, 300 loaded camels and tents, arms etc. The Prophet SAW said, "0 Allah! Be
please with Uthman, as I am pleased with him." Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf 100
Auqia Silver and half of his property. Hazrat Aasim bin Iddi 70 camels loaded with dates.
Abdullah bin Ubay (hypocrite) also accompanied the Prophet SAW but in the way he
returned back with his 300 men. A 30000 Muslim army was led by Prophet SAW. They
reached in Tabuk after 25/30 days. Even though Heraclius gathered some 250000
forces around him but he did not come to face Prophet SAW. The Prophet SAW sent a
letter through his ambassador Hazrat Dihiya Kalabi RA to Heraclius who was in
Palestine to fulfill his vow, in which invitation to accept Islam vas given. Who declared
that he is same one for whom we have been waited upon. He also sent a letter through
his man "Tanohi" in reply to Prophet SAW and said that I believe in you but I cannot
leave my throne. The Prophet SAW said, "He is Liar." During stay in Tabuk the
surrounding tribes came to Prophet SAW and submitted.
After 19/20 days stay the Prophet SAW came back without any fight. On reaching
Madinah Prophet SAW ordered to demolish and put on fire Masjid e Zarar which was
built to make treacheries against Muslims.
A DELEGATION OF CHRISTIANS OF NAJRAN CAME TO MADINAH

Najran is a vast land of 73 villages situated some 7days travel from Makkah towards
Yemen, it has 100000 fighters readily available any time. The Christians of this area
were directly aided by Roman Empire by millions of dirhams every year. The Prophet
SAW wrote a letter to invite them to Islam. After consulting with Sharjil bin Wada'a,
Abdullah bin Sharjil and Jabbar bin Faiz, the Lord Priest "Abu Hartha bin Ilqama” left for
Madinah to conduct a debate with Prophet SAW. They remained for 14/15 days in
Madinah and decided to conduct a Mubahila, "For which Qur'an says, "If they after
having true knowledge still debate with you, then ask them to bring their self and
children, and take yourself and your children for curse; whosoever will be true will
survive." (Qur'an)
At last they submitted to Prophet SAW and a Treaty was signed, which is a great
reference for minority's rights, titled as TREATY OF NAJARAN• In which right to life,
property and worship was granted.
EVENTS OF 10YH YEAR OF HIJRA : Gabriel came to Prophet SAW during the month of
Ramadan and revised Qur'an twice in the same order as is available with us.
HIJATUL WIDA/ HIJATUL ISLAM/HIJATUL TAMAM/HIJATUL IBLAGH
Allah says in Qurian,"Today I accomplished religion for you, and fulfilled bessings upon
you, and pleased for you in Islam as Deen." (Qur'an) The Prophet SAW performed 4
Umras and one Hajj during stay in Madinah. During his stay in Makkah the Prophet SAW
performed Hajj and Umra almost in every year. (It is widely accepted by Islamic Jurists
like Sufiyan Suri and Ibn Athir).
14
The Prophet made announcements to all followers for participation in Hajj. About
1,40,000 companions accompanied him from Madinah. The Prophet SAW started his
journey on Saturday 25th of Zee Qa'ad after Asr sayers. His all wives were along with
him in this journey. At "Zul Khalifa" about 6 miles away from Madinah Prophet SAW put
on Ihram, and Talbiya started. "LABAIKA ALLAHUMA LABAIK". The Prophet SAW
reached in Makkah on Sunday, 4th of Zul Hijjah, 10 AH. The toll of Muslims in Makkah
reached to about 160000/200000 as the Makkans and the tribes of outskirts also joined
him. (ibn e jozi, Allama Hajr Askalani etc).
The Prophet SAW performed Umra and stayed in Makkah for Hajj. On 8th of Zul Hijja the
Prophet started Hajj by circumambulation of Ka'abah seven times along with Istilam of
Hajr e Aswad, two Rakat Nawafil at station of Ibrahim, seven times Saee between Safa
and Marwa, and then proceeded to Mina. stayed there for night, moved towards Arafat,
delivered a historical Khutba; which is landmark for all till doomsday in the history of
mankind. On his she camel Qaswa, standing on the mountain of Arafat the Prophet SAW
declared rights of women, poor, orphans, slaves, and right to property and sanctity of
life and property, beliefs and practices, worship and piety, social and criminal laws,
economic and political laws, all covered by him. Khutba e Hijjatul Wida is the
combination of three sermons of Prophet SAW, at Arafat, at Muzdalfa and near Sha'aer e
Haram. The last verse of Qur'an revealed, "AL YOMA AKMALTU LAKUM DEENUKUM WA
ATMAMTU ALAIKUM NAEMATI WA RAZEETU LAKUM UD DINA ISLAMA." The Prophet
SAW came back to Muzdalfa, stayed there for night, early in the -` morning reached to
Mina; offered prayers of Eidul Adha, slaughtered sacrificial animals 63 by self and 37 by
Ali RA, shaven head, stoned Shaitan, offered Tawaf e Ziyarah, came back to Mina, stayed
there for three days for stoning shayateen. On thirteen of Sul Hijja he offered Tawaf e
Wida and left Makkah for Madina.

:
The Prophet SAW became ill on Monday 29th Safar 11AH. His illness started with
headache. For the first eleven days he led prayers in Masjid e Nabavi, and for the rest of
days he appointed Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique Imam of prayers. He remained in fever for
14/15 days and at last he died on Monday at Asr time, 12th of Rabi ul Awal 11AH. He
remained in the house of Ayesha during last days with the permission of all Ummahat ul
Mominin RA. On Thursday 8th Rabi ul Awal the Prophet SAW dispatched the expedition
of Usama bin Zaid towards Syrian city of Abni near Bilqa. He set out along with 700
soldiers including prominent companions like Abu Bakr RA, Umar RA, Uthman RA, Sa'd
bin Abi Waqas etc. He stayed near jurf while the Prophet SAW died. Before his death the
Prophet SAW sent for Hazrat Fatimah RA, Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan RA, Hazrat Hussain
RA, Ummahat ul Mominin and others, and for Hasnain Kareemain he said, "0 Allah love
him / her who loves Hassan and Hussain."
THE FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY The Prophet SAW had 6 children from Hazrat Khadija
RA. Four daughters and two sons. Daughters are: Hazrat Zainab RA, Hazrat Ruqiya RA,
PROFESSOR RIAZ MUHAMMAD ARIF GOHARJANI

15
Hazrat Umm e Kalsum, Hazrat Fatima RA. Sons are: Hazrat Qasim RA, Hazrat
Abdullah/At Tahir RA and
one son Hazrat Ibrahim RA from Hazrat Mariya Qibtiya RA.
WIVES OF PROPHET
There were thirteen wives of Prophet SAW. Allah says in Qur'an,"Muhammad SAW is
the Prophet of Allah and the wives of Prophet SAW are mothers of believers."
These are following: Hazrat Khadija RA bint Khawailad and mother name Fatima bint
Zahida 556/557 to 621 AD. Twice widowed married to Prophet at the age of 40, when
he was 25. Became Ist Muslima by accepting Islam. Died in 10PH. Buried in Makkah
(Janat ul Muallah). “Khadija's Love is given to me by Allah." (Hadith) Hazrat Sauda RA
bint Zammah and Mother name,Shampoos, widow of Safwan, married to Prophet in 10
PH. She looked after the daughters of Prophet and migrated with them to Madinah. She
never left home after death of Prophet in light of verse of Qur'an, "0 wives of Prophet!
Be in your homes."She died in 22 AH. Hazrat Ayesha RA hint Abu Bakr RA and mother
name Hazrat Zainab RA, married to Prophet SAW (Nikah) in 10 PH at the age of 10
years. Marriage solemnized in 2 AH in Madinah when she was 15 years old. She was
beloved wife of Prophet SAW, died in 48 AH. She narrated 2210 Ahadith, and buried in
Janat ul Baqi.
Hazrat Zainab hint Khuzaima (Ummul Masakin), widow of Abdullah bin Jahash married
to Prophet SAW in 4 AH. She was died within 4 months of marriage and her funeral was
led by Prophet SAW.
Hazrat Umm e Salma RA hint Suhail bin Mughera, a widow of Abdullah, married to
Prophet in 4 AH. She quoted 378 Ahadith and died in the last of all wives of Prophet
SAW in 63 AH. The earth of Karbala was given to her by Prophet SAW concerning
Hussain RA.
Hazrat Zainab bint Jahash RA, and mother name Umaima RA. She became widow from
Zaid bin Haritha and her marriage was solemnized by Allah on Arsh. Qur'an says, "When
Zaid had accomplished his desire from her, We gave her into your marriage 0 Prophet!"
(Qur'an) She quoted 11 Ahadith, died in 20 AH and buried in janat ul Baqi.
Hazrat javaria bint Harith RA, a widow of Musafa bin Safwan, she was married to
Prophet SAW in 5 AH. Her 600 tribesman brought to Madinah as captives along with
her. On her marriage with Prophet SAW all captives Were released. She died in 50 AH
and buried in Janat ul Baqi.
Hazrat Umme e Habiba RA hint Abu Sufiyan she was widow of Ubaidullah bin Jahash. On
his conversion to Chfristianity in Abyssinia she opted for divorce. Negus solemnized he
The Prophet sent his PrNosposal for marriage in 7 AH, Which she accepted and Negus
solemnized her Nikah with prophet for 4000 Dhm. She came back to Madinah in 7 AH.
She died in 44 AH during the reign of her brother Amir Muawiyah RA.
Hazrat Safiya RA bint Huye, brought as captive during Khyber expedition and Prophet
SAW married her. She was widow of Kanana bin Abi Haqiq. She belong to the family of
Hazrat Harun AS. She died in 50 AH and buried in Janatul Baqi.
16
Hazrat Mairnuna bint Harith . She was twice widowed and a

sister in law of Hazrat Abbas RA. She was married to Prophet SAW in 7 AH some 9 km
away from Makkah when Prophet SAW was on Umra in presence of her nephew Hazrat
Khalid bin Waleed RA. She died in 51 AH at Sarf, the same place where she married to
Prophet and buried there.
Hazrat Rehana RA: She was broght to Prophet SAW in 5 AH as captive of Banu Quraiza
and married to Prophet SAW. Some historians say that she accepted Islam before her
marriage to Prophet SAW. She died in 20 AH and buried in Janat ul Baqi.
Hazrat Maria Qibtiya RA She was from the royal family of Egypt, sent to Prophet SAW
by the king of Egypt. On the way she accepted Islam and Prophet SAW married her on
her arrival in Madinah. She gave birth to Hazrat Ibrahim the third son of Prophet SAW
after two from Khadija RA. She died in 15 AH after the death of Prophet AW and buried
in Janat ul Baqi.
IMAMAT
There were 12 Imams starting from Imam Ali RA to Imam Muhammad Mahdi AS. The
first Imam was Imam Ali. He was born in 600 AD and martyred during his Caliphate by
Abdur Rehman bin Muljam. The Prophet SAW said, "To Whom I became protector, Ali
RA is his protector." (Hadith) The second was Imam Hazrat Imam Hassan RA bin Ali. He
was born on 15th Ramadan in 3 AH, and given poison to death during the reign of Amir
Muawaiyah. The Prophet said, "(0 Allah I love Hassan, so I beseech you to love him
too."(Hadith)
The third Imam was Hazrat Hussain RA bin Ali. He was born in 4 AH, and was martyred
in Karbala by the forces of Yazid. The Prophet said, "Hussain belongs to me and I belong
to Hussain." (Hadith)
Hazrat Imam Zain ul Abidin bin Hussain. He was born in 36 AH. The only survived son of
Hazrat Imam Hussain in Karbala. He died in 83 AH and buried in Janat ul Baqi.
Hazrat Imam Muhammad Baqi bin Imam Zain ul Abidin, born in 57 AH in Madinah and
died in 114 AH, buried in Janat ul Baqi.
Imam Jafar As Sadiq bin Imam Muhammad Baqir, born in 83 AH in Madinah, died in 148
AH and buried in Janat ul Baqi. He was great learned personality i of his time.
Imam Musa Kazim bin Imam Jafar As Sadiq, born in 128 AH in Madinah, died in 183 AH
and buried in Janat ul Baqi. He suffered 14 years in prison during Abbasids period.
Imam Ali Raza bin Imam Musa Kazim, born in 148 AH in Madinah and died in 203 AH in
Baghdad. He refused the post of Caliphate and became successor during Mamun ur
Rashid.
17
Imam Muhammad Taqi bin Imam Ali Raza, born in 195 AH and died in 220 AH in
Baghdad.
Imam Ali Naqi bin Muhammad Taqi, born in 214 AH died in 254 AH in Baghdad.
Imam Hasan Askari bin Imam Ali Naqi, born in 232 AH in Madinah. He had a son who
was promised to be a Mahdi Maud. He died 260 AH.
Imam Muhammad Mahdi bin Imam Hasan Askari, born in 255 AH, and he did not
communicate to any one after 329 AH. He is supposed to come on scene again when
there will be disorder in the earth.
TEN BLESSED COMPANIONS

HAZRAT ABU BAKR SIDDIQUE RA : Allah says, "The two of the one when they were in a
cave, when he said to his friend, don't fear Allah is with us." (Qur'an) Hazrat Abu Bakr
Siddique was born 572/573 in third year of Elephant. He embraced Islam being a first in
adults and free man without hesitation. His services for Islam are enumerable, he used
to buy slaves and let them free; like Hazrat Bilal Habshi.
He accompanied the Prophet SAW during arrangements for Prophet SAW, migration to
Madinah. He participated in all battles fought during the life of Prophet SAW, and
donated his full wealth and property in the way of Allah during Tabuk Expedition. The
Prophet SAW said, "I have paid back reward of all of those who done well to me except
Abu Bakr, which will be paid on the Day of Resurrection. (Hadith) He gave his daughter
Ayesha Siddiqa RA in marriage to Prophet SAW. He led prayers during the last days of
Prophet SAW. He became caliph after the death of Prophet SAW. During his caliphate,
refuters of Zakah, apostates and false prophets submitted. He is named as 'SAVIOUR OF
ISLAM' due to compilation of Qur'an. He died at the age of 63, and buried at the side of
Prophet.
HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ RA: Allah says, "Muhammad and those with him are stern
against disbelievers," (Qur'an) He embraced Islam in 5/6AH. He was titled Al-Farooq by
Prophet SAW. He migrated to Madinah openly without fear. He remained by the side of
Prophet in every battle of Islam. He donated half of his property in the way of Allah
during Tabuk expedition. He became caliph after Abu Bakr Siddique RA. During his
caliphate the boundaries of Islamic State reached to central Asia Africa and Makran in
the east. He was great reformist and introduced the civil and military institutions to
such a good extent that are still followed in many Scandinavian countries including
European as well. He was martyred by Abu Lulu Feroze during his Fajr prayers after 10
years of his caliphate. He was buried by the side of Prophet SAW. The Prophet SAW said,
If there was a Prophet SAW after me that would have been Umar." (Hadith)
HAZRAT UTHMAN RA:Allah says, "Muhammad and those with him are stern against
disbelievers, and mercy for one another you see them in bending down and
prostration?' (Qur'an) He embraced Islam on the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique
RA. The Prophet married his two daughters one after another to him and thus titled
18
"ZUN NOREEN. He migrated to Abyssinia and Madinah as well. He remained with

Prophet in every battle of Islam in his life time. He donated 1/3rd expanses of 'Tabuk
expedition along with 1000/10000 gold dinars and 300 loaded camels and tents for
soldiers as well. He became caliph after Hazrat Umar RA. During his period the
extension of Islamic state reached to its zenith, by conquering Armenia and whole of
central Asia including whole Africa. He collected the Qur'an in one dialect for whole
Islamic state. During his last days rebels took siege of his house and he was martyred
when he was reciting the Qur'an early in the morning. He was buried in Janat ul Baqi.
The Prophet SAW said, "The angels fell shy of the modesty of Uthman."
HAZRAT ALI RA: Allah says, "Muhammad and those with him are stern against
disbelievers, and mercy for one another, you see them in bending down and prostration,
seeking grace from Allah and his countenance." (Qur'an) He was the first from children
who accepted Islam at the age of ten. He remained in care of Prophet SAW from the very
beginning of his birth. He slept in the bed of Prophet SAW during the night of migration
when there was acute danger of life. Hazrat Ali said, "I never slept so peacefully as I
slept in that night," He participated in every battle of Islam except the battle of Tabuk,
when he was appointed by Prophet SAW his vicegerent and protector of family. The
Prophet SAW said, "You are my brother in this world and hereafter." He was conqueror
of Khyber, who killed Marhab. He was married to the beloved daughter of Prophet SAW
Hazrat Fatima tuz Zahra RA. He was father of Hassan and Hussain Kareemain.
The Prophet said, "Ali, Hassan and Hussain are from me and I am from them." He
became caliph after Hazrat Uthman RA. He had to fight against Hazrat Ayesha RA in the
battle of Jamal in 35AH due to misunderstanding created by Sabaeen/Khawarij. His
period of caliphate was filled with mutinies and wars against Muawiyah and Khawarij.
He shifted his capital from Madinah to Kufa to save the sanctity of the city of Prophet
SAW from bloodshed. He was martyred by Abdur Rehman bin Muljim, a Khariji when he
was moving to attend the Fajr prayers in Kufa. He was buried in Najaf e Ashraf. The
Prophet said, "To whom I am protector, this Ali is protector as well." (Hadith)
HAZRAT ABDUR REHMAN BIN AUF RA: He born in 10th year of Elephant, his name Abu
Amir, which was changed to Abdur Rehman by Prophet SAW. He suffered a lot during
his life in Makkah. He was successful merchant of his time. When others were finding
share from their brothers in Madinah he asked for showing market for business. He led
one Rakat of Fajr to Prophet SAW and believers during Tabuk expedition. He
participated in every battle fought during the life of Prophet SAW. He was among the six
nominees of Umar for Caliphate.
He became a Governor during the caliphate of Umar RA. He led a simple life and died in
35 AH.
HAZRAT SA'D BIN ABI WAQAS RA: He was born in 591 AD. He was maternal uncle of
Prophet SAW. He was the first to shed his blood in the way of Allah in Makkah. The
19
Prophet prayed for him in Badr in these words, "0 Allah! Direct his arrows and respond
to his prayers." (Hadith) His prayers never rejected by Allah. He was the only one to
whom Prophet SAW said, "My parents be sacrificed on you.” He took part in every battle
of Islam. He was the conqueror of Iran and Palestine. He led the Muslim army in
Qadisiya even though he was ill and won. He was one of the six of panel for caliphate by
Umar RA. He died in 54 AH and shrouded in his Jubba of Badr by his will.
HAZRAT ABU UBAIDAH BIN JARRAH RA : His name was Amar known as Abu Ubaidah,
an early converts of Islam. Allah says in Qur'an ,"These are the people from whom Allah
is pleased and they are pleased with Allah." (Qur'an) He killed his father in the battle of
Badr for the cause of Islam. He took part in every battle of Islam under Prophet SAW.
The Prophet SAW said, "For every people there is a man of trust and for these people a
man of trust is Abu Ubaida." (Hadith) He was commander in chief of Muslim Army
against Syria. After conquest of Damascus he fell ill and buried there.
HAZRAT TALHA BIN ABAIDULLAH : He was grandnephew of Abu Bakr RA, an early
converts to Islam on the invitation of Abu Bakr RA. He took part in every battle of Islam
except in Badr, in which he was some secret mission along with Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid
RA. The Prophet SAW said, "Talha the good and Talha the generous." (Hadith) He swore
allegiance on the hand of Ali RA and then turned against him and fought in the battle of
Jamal. On realization of his mistake he left the battlefield to Madinah and was killed on
the way by Khawarij." He was titled by Prophet SAW as "Living Martyre."
HAZRAT ZUBAIR BIN AWAM RA: He was cousin of Prophet SAW by his aunt Safiyah RA.
He was a brave man, and fought in every battle along the side of Prophet SAW. He was
appointed the first official spy of Islam in the battle of Trench. He was included in the six
panel of caliphs set up by Umar RA. The Prophet SAW said, "Talha and Zubair are my
neighbors in Paradist!." He swore allegiance on the hand of Ali and then turned against
him and fought in the battle of Jamal. On realization of his mistake he left the battlefield
to Madinah and was killed on the way by Khawarij." The Prophet SAW said, "There was
helper for every Prophet and my helper is Zubair." (Hadith)
SAEED BIN ZAID RA: His father was on Deen e Ibrahim, believing in one God before
Islam too. Saeed was brother in law of Hazrat Umar RA. He was the one who was beaten
by Hazrat Umar along with his wife Fatimah (the sister of Umar) before his acceptance
of Islam. He suffered a lot during Makki life. He took part in all battles except Badr, in
which he was on secret mission with Hazrat Talha RA. After the conquest of Roman
Empire he was appointed Governor but be declined to have the post and opted to be a
soldier. He died in the battle field and buried in Syria.
20
SCRIBES OF DIVINE REVELATION
HAZRAT UBAY BIN KA'AB RA: He had a honor of writing first revelation in Madinah. He
was sweet recite of Holy Qur,an. Once the Prophet asked him to recite Qur'an in his
sweet voice; when he recited the verses relating to witness of Prophet SAW to whole
creed of Mankind on the Day of Judgment; the tears fell down from the Prophet SAW
eyes." (Hadith) The Prophet SAW used to say, "Whosoever wants to learn Qur'an, he
should learn from Ubay bin Ka'ab." The Prophet SAW said, "Recite 0 Ubay! And the
Angels are listening to you."
HAZRAT ABDULLAH BIN MAS'UD RA : He was from the early converts of Islam. He was
known as Sahabi bin Sahabiya due to acceptance of Islam by his mother first. He
migrated to Abyssinia. He quoted 800 Ahadith.
HAZRAT ZAID BIN THABIT RA: He was the most intelligent and well versed in
inheritance matters. He was chairman of the committee of compilation of Qur'an. He
used to say, "It was heavier for me to compile a Qur'an then lifting Uhad from its place."
He also collected Qur’an during the days of Uthman RA."
HAZRAT AMIR MUAWIYA RA: He was son of Abu Sufiyan who was a staunch enemy of
Prophet SAW before acceptance Islam. He became Amr ul Mominin after Hazrat Hassan.
He had to fight with Hazrat Ali during his caliphate for the cause of revenge of Uthman
RA. He was the founder of Ummayad dynasty.
KHALID BIN WALEED RA : He became cause of great loss to Muslims during battle of
Uhad. He accepted Islam in 8 AH before conquest of Makkah. He took part in all battles
with Prophet SAW after acceptance Islam. He saved his army in the battle of Mauta. He
was great warrior who fought almost 100 plus battles for Islam and won all. He was
sacked by Umar RA during his commandership. He received 1500 fatal wounds in wars
but survived and died on his bed in Damascus and buried there.
ABDULLAH BIN SA'AD RA, KHALID AND UBBAN BIN SAEED: They were also scribes of
divine revelation for Muhammad SAW. Among them Khalid bin Saeed was the one who
has an honour of writing "BISMILLAH" for the first time.
THE END

Quick Notes Islamiyat PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quick Notes Islamiyat PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Islamiyat GCE O LEVEL & IGCSE

Quick Notes Islamiyat P-1

Compiled by Tahir Ali Babir

The history and importance of the Qur’an

E;mail tahiralibabir@gmail.com 0333-4428921

HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF QUR'AN

QUR'AN IN LEGAL THINKING

QIYAS IN LEGAL THINKING: It is analogical deduction of Qur'an, Sunnah and Ijma.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SAW)

PROFESSOR RIAZ MUHAMMAD ARIF GOHARJANI

EVENTS OF 4TH YEAR OF HIJRA

BATLE OF KHANDAK / AHZAB TRENCH:

A DELEGATION OF CHRISTIANS OF NAJRAN CAME TO MADINAH

EVENTS OF 11TH YEAR OF HIJRA

PROFESSOR RIAZ MUHAMMAD ARIF GOHARJANI

Hazrat Mairnuna bint Harith . She was twice widowed and a

TEN BLESSED COMPANIONS

"ZUN NOREEN. He migrated to Abyssinia and Madinah as well. He remained with

You might also like