MUSIC
• Bayan ko
20th Century Song Composers
They had produced a memorable output of
traditional Filipino love songs, music for the
movies, and materials for contemporary
arrangements and concert repertoire.
Arrangements
Adaptation or creating music using pre-existing
pieces of music.
Levi Celerio
(1910-2002) | National Artist for Literature and
Music
• Prolific Lyricist and Composer; Violinist
• He had written the lyrics for over 4,000
songs in his lifetime.
• He studied at the Academy of Music in
Manila
• He is perhaps best-known for being a leaf-
player, a feat for which he was put into the
Guinness Book of World Records
• In 1997, he was named National Artist for
Literature and Music.
• He was buried with full military honors at
the Libingan ng mga Bayani
COMPOSITIONS
• Ang Pipit (music by Lucio D. San Pedro)
• Bagong Pagsilang (music by Felipe Padilla de
Leon)
• Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (music by Lucio D. San
Pedro)
• Misa de Gallo (music by J. Balita);
• Itik-itik (folk song)
• Tinikling (folk song)
• Kahit Konting Pagtingin
Constancio De Guzman (1903-1982)
• Filipino composer from Guiguinto, Bulacan.
• He is considered the “Dean of Filipino
Movie Composers and Musical Directors,”
because much of his music was broadcasted
on many TV and radio programs; an
example of those is the Maala-ala Mo Kaya
segment by one of the networks in
television.
COMPOSITIONS
• Babalik ka rin
• Ang Tangi kong Pag-ibig
• Sa Piling mo
• Langit koy ikaw
• Maalaala mo kaya
• Canciones De Filipinas
Miguel “Mike” Velarde jr. (1913-1986)
• Composer, conductor, movie actor, and
musical director
• His exposure to the unaffected and
unpretentious environment of Basilan and
Zamboanga had influenced his creative
imagination, mainly nurtured by his mother
who became his first music teacher in piano
and violin when he was six years old.
COMPOSITIONS
• Velarde composed musical scores for
Sampaguita Films (Luksang Tagumpay,
Alaala Kita)
• Ikaw
• Habang Buhay
• Minamahal Kita
• Dahil Sa Iyo
• Bituing Marikit
Restituto A. Umali (1916-1998)
• He was born in Paco, Manila on June 16,
1916.
• His early exposure to music was due to the
influence of his father who taught him violin
• He was also taught solfeggio and score
reading at the Mapa High School where he
became an active member of the school
glee club and orchestra.
• He also taught choral arranging and
orchestration at the UST Conservatory of
Music.
• He majored in Composition and Conducting
at the Conservatory of Music, University of
the Philippines (UP)
• He even passed an electrician’s course at
the Philippine School of Arts and Trades
before embarking on a rewarding career as
musical scorer for movies.
COMPOSITIONS
• Saan Ka Man Naroroon
• Alaala ng lumipas
• Di ka Nag-iisa
• Paano kita Lilimutin
Ernani Cuenco (1936-1988)
• Composer, film scorer, musical director and
music teacher.
• He was conferred the National Artist Award
for Music in 1999.
• His works embody the Filipino sense of
musicality as expressed in the classical
sound of kundiman.
COMPOSITIONS
• Gaano ko ikaw kamahal
• Nahan: Kahit na magtiis
• Diligin mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa
• Pilipinas, Inang Bayan
George Canseco (1934-2004)
• He graduated with a Liberal Arts degree at
University of the East
• He was hailed as “a nationally acclaimed
composer of numerous popular classics”
• He also wrote songs for the country’s top
popular singers such as Sharon Cuneta, Basil
Valdez, Regine Velasquez, Zsa Zsa Padilla,
Pilita Corrales, Martin Nievera, and Kuh
Ledesma.
COMPOSITIONS
• Ikaw
• Kailangan kita
• Hanggang sa dulo ng Walang Hanggan
• Kastilyong buhangin
• Ngayon at Kailanman
• Gaano Kadalas and Minsan
Vocal or Indigenous Music of Mangyan
• Used to celebrate festive occasions
• Used to entertain visitors
• Used to court a woman
• Used in religious rituals
Greatly influenced the musical style of the New
Music composers and their works focusing to the
understanding and preservation of Filipino
Traditional Music
NEW MUSIC
- Is an extension of the classical music tradition,
and it represents the cutting and creative edge of
classical music. In addition, new music can
incorporate elements of many different musical
genres, including classical, jazz, rock, world music
and others
- They retained the Filipino spirit by incorporating
traditional music forms as well as indigenous
rhythms and instruments in their compositions.
NEW MUSIC COMPOSERS
Jose Maceda
• born in Manila on January 17, 1917.
• National Artist for Music
• He earned a Doctorate Degree in
Ethnomusicology from UCLA.
• He embarked on his life’s work, dedicated
to the understanding and preservation of
Filipino traditional music.
• His music style changed when he
encountered the music of indigenous tribes
of Mindoro in 1953.
• Maceda combined sounds of the
environment with ethnic instruments.
COMPOSITIONS
• Ugma-Ugma (1963)
• Agungan(1975)
• Pagsamba (1968)
• Cassettes 100 (1971)
• Ugnayan (1974)
B. Mindoro
Most of the Mangyan tribes of Mindoro are
animists, which means they worship spirits and
natural forces as gods as part of their religion. This
belief is reflected in their instrumental music,
which is often used to communicate with the spirit
world and its denizens. However, it is also used for
more contemporary rituals such as weddings,
courtships, festivities, and lullabies.
There are three major instruments used by the
Mangyan - the Kudyapi, the Gitgit, and the
Kalutang.
 The Kudyapi is a vo-stringed lute with a long
neck which is plucked by the musician.
 The Gitgit is a bowed lute with 3-4 strings.
The bow used in the git git is made of
human hair
  The Kalutang is a pair of equal sized sticks
made of wood that is struck against each
other to produce sound.
Lucrecia Kasilag
• Born in San Fernando, La Union on August
31, 1918.
• Went to Manila to pursue a degree in Music
at Philippine Women’s University.
• Obtained her Master’s degree from the
Eastman School of Music in New York, USA.
• Kasilag’s compositions demonstrated a
fusion of Eastern and Western styles in
using instruments, melody, harmony, and
rhythm. She is particularly known for
incorporating indigenous Filipino
instruments into orchestral productions.
COMPOSITIONS
• Kasilag’s compositions demonstrated a
fusion of Eastern and Western styles in
using instruments, melody, harmony, and
rhythm. She is particularly known for
incorporating indigenous Filipino
instruments into orchestral productions.
Jerry Dadap
• He was born November 5, 1935 in
Hinunangan, Southern Leyte
• The first Filipino composer to conduct his
own works at the Carnegie Recital Hall in
New York City
• He earned his Bachelor’s Degree in Music,
major in Composition at the Conservatory
of Music, University of the Philippines (UP)
in 1964.
COMPOSITIONS
• The Passionate and the Wild
• Mangamuyo I and II (1976,1977)
• The Redemption (1974)
• Tubig ng Buhay (1986)
• Dakilang Pagpapatawad (1986)
• Alay sa Inang Bayan
Ramon P. Santos
• He was born in Pasig on February 25, 1941
• Bachelor of Music degree at the College of
Music, University of the Philippines.
• Master of Music degree at Indiana
University, USA.
• Doctor of Philosophy degree in Composition
at the State University of New York, USA
COMPOSITIONS
• Ding Ding Nga Diyawa
• Nabasag na Banga at Iba’t iba pang Pinag-
ugpong-ugpong na Pananalita sa Wikang
Pilipino para sa Labing Anim na Tinig
• L’BAD
Josefino “Chino” Toledo
• March 6, 1959
• Notable composer-conductor
• Full-time professor at University of the
Philippines, College of Music
• He received his master of Music Degree
from the Cleveland Institute of Music, USA
• Founding music director of the Metro
Manila Community Orchestra, the UP
Festival Orchestra and the Crosswave
Symphony Orchestra.
• His approach to his music composition is
described as “pure and powerful”
• He fuses contemporary western music ideas
and Southeast Asian flavors
Compositions
• Kwaderdo no. 2 Para sa Perkusyon
(Chamber Music)
• Sitsit Digidak (Chamber Choir)
• Irog ko’y pakinggan
• Alitaptap
ARTS Photojournalism
Photography Is a way of telling news story, event or scene
From the Greek word “Photos” meaning “Light” through photographs.
and “Graphos” meaning “Writing”
Also known as LIGHT WRITING Sports Photography
LIGHT WRITING- Is the process of recording an By catching perfect moments sports photographs
image or photograph on light sensitive materials can depict the passion, drama and emotion that
fuels sporting events.
Camera Obscura- small darkened rooms
with light admitted through a single tiny hole. The Still-life Photography
result was that an inverted image of the outside Depicts inanimate subject matter typically a small
scene was cast on the opposite wall, which was group of objects
usually whitened. 
Editorial Photography
A photographer is an artist because He/She can is a type of photography that aims to tell a story or
capture the exact moments, the right angles and portray a concept. Editorial photography is
the beautiful views and landscapes, sceneries commonly found in magazines, newspapers,
which can convey different information from the editorial features, and journalism.
audiences.
Photojournalism is sometimes considered a form of
What commonly happens in a Photoshoot? editorial photography, though the distinction is
• Lighting that photojournalism often involves a news story.
• Modify lens setting
• Use filters George Tapan
• Award winning Travel Photographer
Photography as Communication • Has won two Pacific Asia Tourism
Means if conveying information. Ideas and Association (PATA) Gold awards, an ASEAN
expressing emotions. Tourism Association award, and a 2011
National Geographic Photography contest.
STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY
John K. Chua
Architectural Photography
• Commercial, Architectural, and Advertising
Both interior and exterior design of buildings and
Photographer
structures are the subject of architectural
photography.
2 Distinctive characteristics of Photography
• Detail
Travel Photography
• Immediacy
A genre of photography that may involve the
documentation of an area's landscape, people, Principles of Art
cultures, customs, and history. • Rhythm
• Movement
Portrait Photography • Balance
Aims to capture the personality and mood of an • Emphasis
individual or group. The subject’s face and eyes are • Harmony
typically the focus • Unity
• Variety
Fashion Photography • Proportion
Showcases and glamorizing fashion clothing, shoes, Using the Eight principles allows you to take
and accessories. greater control of your photographic practice. This
will lead to better photos and more photographic Laurice Guillen
opportunities. • January 31, 1947
• Filipino actress
Film • Film and television director
• Also called a movie, motion picture, moving • College professor.
• Salome 1981, earned international Acclaim
picture, picture photoplay or flick
in Toronto International Film Festival.
• A series of moving images shown on a
• Tanging Yaman, 2001 Best Picture in the
screen, usually with sound, that make up a
Metro Manila Film Festival.
story
Maryo J. Delos Reyes
• a thin flexible strip of plastic or other
• Best Director distinction at the 2003 FAMAS
material coated with light-sensitive
Award.
emulsion for exposure in a camera, used to
• Earned 50 awards in worldwide film festival
produce photographs or motion pictures.
from Berlin to Rome
Moving Pictures
COLLABORATIVE ART OF FILM MAKING
• In 1878 Eadweard Muybridge set up 12
Cinematograph
cameras along the edge of a racetrack in a
It involves such techniques as the general
line to get 12 different pictures of a 1 stride
composition of a scene; the lighting of the set or
gallop
location; choice of cameras; lenses, filters and film
• Then images were mounted on a rotating
stock; the camera angle and movements; and the
disk and projected them on a screen
integration of any special effects.
through a magic lantern.
Production or set design
Kinetoscope
The art of creating a film’s aesthetic
A peepshow cabinet with an eyehole which earliest
“movies” or motion pictures could be viewed one
Editing
person at a time.
The art of selecting the precise sections of film, the
sequencing and joining them to achieve the
Cinematographe
director’s desired visual and emotional effect.
A three-in-one device that could record, develop,
and project motion pictures
Film Directing
• The director envisions the final effects of
Silent Films
the film on its viewers visually, mentally and
-Charlie Chaplin
emotionally. Works with ideas, images,
sounds, and other effects.
FILIPINO FILMMAKERS • The director conceptualizes the scenes,
Ishmael Bernal directs the acting, supervises the
• Born: September 30, 1938, Manila
cinematography and finally the editing and
• Died: June 2, 1996, Quezon City sound dubbing.
• Himala is widely considered as one of the
Acting
greatest Filipino films of all time. The art of which movement, gestures, and
intonation are used to realize a fictional character
Brillante Mendoza for the stage, film or television.
• July 30, 1960
• Philippine director and producer.
• He is the first Filipino to receive the Best
Movie Genres
Director award at Cannes for his film
Kinatay 2009
Movie genres are stylistic categories that organize • She's Co-Head of Story at Disney Animation
films based on criteria such as the setting, Studios for "Zootopia."
characters, plot, mood, tone, and theme. • She oversees the story team, which is
 Action responsible for translating the script to its
 Adventure first visual form.
 Comedy
 Drama Animation Council of the Philippines is a nonstock,
 Fantasy nonprofit organization that aims to create an
 Horror identity for the Philippines within the animation
 Musicals industry making it one of the preferred sources for
 Mystery animation services worldwide.
 Romance
 Science ANIMAHENASYON an annual festival and
 Fiction competition featuring the works of Filipino
 Sports Animators.
 Thriller
 Western. Philippine Animation Studio Inc. (PASI) is best
known as a producer of traditional animation. In
ANIMATION fact, it is one of the oldest studios to specialize in
-Is the process of creating the illusion of motion the latter. Established in 1991 and has since
and shape change by means of the rapid display of collaborated in numerous animation projects and
a sequence of a static images that minimally differ series with foreign part
from each other.
Urduja,2008

Film
Nelson “Rey” Bohol
• Filipino Animator
• Was part the Pixar animated movie Inside
Out, Monsters University, Brave, WALL-E,

adaptation
Ratatouille, Cars, and Finding Nemo.
Ronnie Del Carmen
• is a Filipino animation writer, director, story
artist, story supervisor and production
designer
• He co-directed and was one of the story
writers for the 2015 Pixar film Inside Out,
of the
legend of
for which he was nominated for an
Academy Award for Best Original
Screenplay
Ruben Aquino

a warrior
• Filipino Animator.
• While working for Disney he became part of
the films Winnie the Pooh, The Princess and
the Frog, and Lilo and Stitch.

Josie Trinidad
princess
• Story artist at Walt Disney Animation
Studios.
 of ilm
Pangasina adaptation
n of the
Film legend of
adaptation a warrior
of the princess
legend of of
a warrior Pangasina
princess n
of Dayo: Sa mundo ng Elementalia
First Filipino all-digital full-length animated
featured film. The production involved over 500

Pangasina
local animators and featured a “tra-digital
animation” technique.

RPG Metanoia,2010

n
Filipino’s first full 3d-animated film

Film adaptation of the legend of a warrior princess
in Pangasinan
TYPES OF ANIMATION
Traditional Animation
First Filipino all-digital full-length animated
featured film. The production involved over 500
local animators and featured a “tra-digital
animation” technique.
2D Animation
It is called Vector Animation. It is creating
Animations in the 2 Dimensional space with the
help of digital technologies.
Example Application is Adobe Flash.
Traditional animators use physical materials and
activities, while digital animators use virtual
materials in a digital space (e.g. laptops,
computers
3D Animation
3D animation is the process of creating moving
images in a three-dimensional (3D) environment,
giving the illusion that these digital objects are
moving through a 3D space which results to models
that are highly realistic.
Stop Motion Animation
is an advanced flipbook-style form of animation. It
involves photographing and then physically
manipulating objects within your frame. As each
frame is played in sequence, the technique creates
the effect of an object moving itself.
Motion Graphics
It is simply the art of moving graphic elements such
as texts and shapes . Common examples are
animation logos, film opening titles, explainer
videos and app advertisements
PRINT MEDIA
 Any written or pictorial form of
communication produced mechanically or
electronically using printing, photocopying
or digital methods from which multiple
copies can be made through automated
process.
 Includes large-scale publications such as
newspaper, magazines, journals, books of
all kind, campaign materials.
 As well as small-scale publications such as
posters, brochures, flyers, menus, tarpaulin
and the like.
Advertising Copywriters
 Responsible for the linguistic content of
adverts.
 They provide the text for titles, taglines, and
body copy.
 Ranges from Art Directors to Photographers
to Graphic Designers to Illustrators
Comic Books
A magazine that presents a serialized story in the
form of a comic strip, typically featuring the
adventures of a superhero.
 Comic books began in the 1920s when
Liwayway magazine started featuring comic
strips 
 Due to the coming of Americans to the
country, local comics were influenced by
popular U.S. Comics with superheroes as
main character
Komiks creator introduced characters, themes, and
storylines from Philippine folklore, mythology and
history. And Reflecting or commenting on current
political and social issues or on the Filipino
Character in a humorous way.
With books and libraries not yet readily
accessible to the majority of Filipino public, comics
become a major form of reading material around
the country.
Antony de Zuñiga (November 8, 1932 – May 11,
2012) was a Filipino comics artist and illustrator
best known for his works for DC Comics.
In 1971, DC Comics Editor-in-Chief Carmine
Infantino and editor Joe Orlando traveled to the
Philippines on a recruiting trip for artists. Alfredo
Alcala, Ernie Chan, Alex Niño, Nestor Redondo,
and Gerry Talaoc were some of the Filipino artists
who went on to work for DC, particularly in the
1970s and 1980s.
BOOKS DESIGN AND ILLUSTRATION
Philippine Book Publishers
 Bookmark
 Adarna Books
 Anvil Publishing
 Tahanan books for Young Readers (now
Ilaw ng Tahanan Publishing)
DIGITAL MEDIA
Webpage Design
-Web design refers to the design of
websites that are displayed on the internet.
It usually refers to the user experience
aspects of website development rather than
software development.
Game Development
Game Development is the art of creating
games and describes the design,
development and release of a game. It may
involve concept generation, design, build,
test and release. While you create a game,
it is important to think about the game
mechanics, rewards, player engagement
and level design.
Electronic Books
An electronic version of a printed book that
can be read on a computer or handheld
device designed specifically for this
purpose.
INNOVATION IN PRODUCT DESIGN
Who is hailed as the “Wrap Artiste” of the
Philippines?
 Dita Sandico-Ong
 Filipino Designer
 Advocates to use local weaving
techniques and natural fibers
 Known for her bold-colored wraps
 Uses materials such as
pinalino(Pineapple and Irish linen
 Indigenous banana fabric(Banana
fiber)
 Abaca
He is an acclaimed Filipino designer who has
become known globally for his innovative furniture
pieces, lighting accessories and interior accents?
 Kenneth Cobonque
 Filipino Industrial Designer
 Multi-awarded designer
 Creative Director of Hive (Design
manufacturing facility for designers of
interior accessories and lighting
Who is hailed as the Filipino Investment Banker
turned Fashion Designer?
 Josie Natori
 Has a prestigious place in New York
Fashion Industry
 Her company sells lingerie, nightwear,
loungewear, ready-to-wear, underwear
and other high-end women's fashion to
upscale department stores in the US,
and to at least 15 countries
internationally.
Filipino Fashion Designer who is popularly
recognized for being a judge on the tv series
project Runaway Philippines?
 Rajo Laurel
 Filipino Fashion Designer
 Entrepreneur (House of Laurel and Rajo
Laurel Enterprise
 His creations maintain a Filipino
sensibility, incorporating embroidery,
beadwork and hand painted prints
 Co-pioneered the social enterprise
known as Rags2Riches the organization
that enables women from poor
communities across the country to earn
through creating fashion and home
accessories out of up-cycle scrap,
organic and indigenous fabrics
Cebu born Filipina Designer who become the
darling of the international celebrity set from her
beginnings as a wedding dress designer
 Monica Lhuillier
 Studied at the Fashion Institute of
Design and Merchandising in Los
Angeles.
 Owns a retail boutique in New York
 Her collections include bridal and
bridesmaid dresses, ready-to-wear,
evening gowns, linen, tableware,
stationary and home fragrances.
  One of the darlings of the Hollywood
celebrity set, with several A-list stars
having worn her couture creations to
gala, weddings and award shows

She is dubbed as “ The queen of Knitwear”

 Lulu Tan Gan
 Her vision is to encourage the use of
stylized indigenous and traditional wear
 Her creation is 95% hand-made-hand-
loomed (knitted and woven) by
Philippine Artisan

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Recreation is a therapeutic refreshment or
relaxation of one’s body and mind. Activities done
for this purpose are called recreational activities.
Its main objective is to revitalize the physical,
mental, social, and emotional aspects of a person.
Dance is a recreational activity that can develop
our physical, mental, social, and emotional health.
Dancing as part of our lifestyle can surely sustain
our fitness. But it should be coupled with proper
eating habits and weight management in order for
a person to live a healthy life.
Street Dance
 Street dance refers to dance styles that
have evolved outside of dance studios.
 It is performed in streets, dance parties,
parks, school yards, or in any available
space.
 It is often improvisational and social in
nature, encouraging interaction and
contact with spectators and other
dancers.
 A full street dance is a collection of
various similar dance moves and styles
put together into one practice and
regarded as the same dance.
Hip-Hop Dance
Hip-hop is a cultural movement best known for
its impact on music in the form of the musical
genre of the same name. It has its origins in the
Bronx, in New York City, during the 1970s,
mostly among African Americans and some
influence of Latin Americans. Hip-hop culture
is composed of the pillars such as DJ-ing,
rapping, breakdancing, and graffiti art.
-refers to street dance styles primarily
performed to hip-hop music or that have
evolved as part of hip-hop culture. Hip-hop
music incorporates a number of iconic elements,
most notably DJing and rapping, along with
things like beat boxing, sampling, and juggling
beats on turntables.
Breakdancing (B-boying or breaking)
 is a style of street dance and the first hip-
hop dance style that originated among
Black and Puerto Rican youths in New
York City during the early 1970s.
 A practitioner of this dance is called a b-
boy, b-girl, or breaker. Although the
term breakdance is frequently used to
refer to the dance, b-boying and
breaking are the original terms.
Four Movements
1. Toprock footwork-oriented steps
performed while standing up
2. Downrock footwork performed with
both hands and feet on the floor
3. Freezes stylish poses done on your
hands
4. Power moves comprise full-body spins
and rotations that give the illusion of
defying gravity
Popping
 was popularized by Samuel Boogaloo
Sam Solomon and his crew the Electric
Boogaloos.
 It is based on the technique of quickly
contracting and relaxing muscles to
cause a jerk in a dancer’s body.
 Popping forces parts of your body
outwards, similar to an explosion within
parts of your body.
 Popping also contracts muscles, but it is
followed by relaxation that gives it the
jerking appearance of popping.
Locking or Campbellocking
 was created by Don Campbellock
Campbell in 1969 in Los Angeles,
California.
  It was popularized by his crew, The
Lockers.
 Locking can be identified by its
distinctive stops.
 It is usually performed by stopping the
fast movement that you are doing,
locking your body into a position,
holding it, and then continuing at the
same speed as before. In locking, dancers
hold their positions longer.
 The lock is the primary move used in
locking. It is similar to a freeze or a
sudden pause.
 A locker’s dancing is characterized by
frequently locking in place and after a
brief freeze moving again.
Krumping
 is a form of dancing that originated in the
African-American community of South
Central Los Angeles, California and is a
relatively new form of the “Urban”
Black dance movement.
 It is free, expressive and highly
energetic.
 Most people paint their faces in different
designs.
 Krumping is a dance style to release
anger.
 It is reported that gang riots in the
United States decreased because of
krumping style.
Tutting
 it is a creative way of making geometric
shapes forming right angle using your
body parts.
 The style was originally practiced by
young funk dancers.
 It is derived from the positions people
were drawn in during the days of the
Ancient Egyptians.
 It is the positions seen in these portraits
that have been adopted by dancers today.
 Tutting is still a greatly respected move
and King Tut aka Mark Benson is widely
acclaimed for pioneering the style.
Shuffling
 The Melbourne Shuffle (also known as
Rocking or simply The Shuffle) is a rave
and club dance that originated in the late
1980s in the underground rave music
scene in Melbourne, Australia.
 The basic movements of the dance are a
fast heel-and toe action with a style
suitable for various types of electronic
music.
 Some variants incorporate arm
movements.
 People who dance the shuffle are often
referred to as rockers, due in part to the
popularity of shuffling to rock music in
the early 1990s.
Waacking
 is an African American form of street
dance originating from the 1970’s disco
era of the underground club scenes in
Los Angeles and New York City.
 Waacking consists of stylized posing and
fast synchronized arm movements to the
beat of the music. Today, waacking is a
popular element of hip hop dance.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF DANCING
Dancing as a recreational activity can be a way
to stay fit for people of all ages, shapes, and
sizes. It has a wide range of physical and mental
benefits including:
 improved condition of your heart and
lungs
 increased muscular strength, endurance,
and motor fitness
 increased aerobic fitness
 improved muscle tone and strength
 weight management
 stronger bones and reduced risk of
osteoporosis
 better coordination, agility, and
flexibility
 improved balance and spatial awareness
 increased physical confidence
 improved mental functions
  improved general and psychological
well-being
 greater self-confidence and self-esteem
 better social skills.

HEALTH

Global Health and the Millennium Development

Goals:
The term “global health” rose in popularity along
with the rise of globalization. Both terms improved
public awareness of vulnerabilities and shared
responsibilities among people for the different
injustices in the world.
Ilona Kickbush (2006), director of the Global
Health Program at the Graduate Institute of
International and Development Studies in
Geneva, Switzerland states that global health
pertains to various health issues, concerns, and
trends which go beyond national boundaries and
call for global initiatives for the protection and
promotion of peoples’ health across the world.
Koplan and Associates (2009) states that global
health is an area for study, research and practice that
prioritizes health improvement and achieving
impartiality in healthcare and wellness worldwide.
Beaglehole and Bonita (2010) gave a short but
meaningful definition of global health: cooperative
research and action of international communities to
promote health for all.

8 Millennium Development Goals

The United Nations Millennium
Development Goals are eight targets that all 191
UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015.
The United Nations Millennium Declaration,
signed in September 2000 commits world leaders
to fight discrimination against women and
children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy, and
environmental degradation. All of these goals
cannot be attained without addressing each and
everyone. All of them influence, affect and depend
on better global health programs and policies.