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Various lithium batteries have been widely used in various fields as high-energy
new energy sources. Lithium batteries are safe to use under normal conditions.
However, due to the materials used in lithium batteries, the current safety
problems have not been completely solved. Under certain conditions (such as
short circuit, overload discharge or over discharge, charging, high temperature,
shock and vibration, etc.), the battery may heat up. , expansion, leakage,
explosion and other safety accidents.
Therefore, developing and producing safe and reliable lithium batteries, doing a
good job in matching and power management between lithium batteries and
instruments, improving safety awareness, and standardizing the use of lithium
batteries should be highly valued by battery manufacturers, instrument
manufacturers and battery users. problem.
There are many factors that cause lithium battery safety accidents. At present,
some of the mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. According to
the available information, the main factors affecting the safety of lithium batteries
are summarized as follows:
The direct cause of the explosion of lithium batteries is thermal runaway. Lithium
is an active metal. Lithium and nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, sulfur dioxide,
etc. all undergo exothermic reactions to form compounds, some of which are
unstable and some of which have explosive nature. When there are internal and
external factors that cause the thermal reaction to run out of control, the internal
pressure of the battery rises sharply, and an explosion occurs.
In order to avoid safety accidents when using lithium batteries, special attention
should be paid to the following issues:
1.2.4. Charging: Lithium thionyl chloride battery is a primary battery and cannot
be charged. If the battery is charged by mistake, the battery may overheat and
explode. The common reasons for the wrong charging of the battery are as
follows: there are other power sources in the power supply system of the
instrument that may charge the battery; when the batteries are used in parallel,
the anti-reverse charging diode is not installed or the diode fails; artificially
charging the battery by mistake, etc.
1.2.5. Shock and vibration: Strong shock and vibration is an important cause of
battery explosion. The internal structure of the battery is composed of a positive
electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, and the separator
is located between the positive and negative electrode sheets. Strong shock and
vibration may cause some weak parts of the diaphragm to rupture, causing the
positive and negative electrodes to contact and cause an internal short circuit to
cause an explosion. Especially in the middle and late stage of battery discharge,
the free electrolyte in the battery decreases, the concentration of the battery
reaction product dissolved in the electrolyte increases, and the sulfur produced
by the reaction will precipitate and adhere to the positive electrode and the
diaphragm. The contact of metal lithium reacts violently, resulting in thermal
runaway and battery explosion. Therefore, used batteries are more dangerous
than new batteries in the event of shock and vibration.
1.2.6. Excessive temperature: In addition to the above reasons, which may cause
the battery to thermally runaway and cause an explosion, the battery’s high
ambient temperature may also cause an explosion. Lithium sub batteries are
marked with the highest operating temperature of the battery, such as 70°C,
125°C, 150°C, 165°C, etc. It should be strictly controlled and used under the
specified ambient temperature, otherwise it may explode.
The MWD Battery package performance indicators of the lithium battery are:
1.3.5. Battery working time: when the average working current is less than or
equal to 120mA, the accumulated working time is greater than or equal to 200
hours, (Note: the accumulated working time is less than or equal to 130 hours
when using with gamma)
Please read the above indicators carefully before use, and use within the
specified range to ensure safety.
2.1.1. Appearance: Before installing the battery into the instrument, check the
following contents: the outer packaging of the battery pack is not damaged; the
appearance of the battery pack is free from contamination, deformation, and clear
identification; the wires and connectors must not be rusted, dirty, or damaged.
There are hidden dangers that may cause a short circuit or an open circuit.
2.1.2. Test continuity: Use a special test box to connect the plug of the test box
with the corresponding plug of the battery. Turn the multimeter to the ringing Ω
position, and use the test pen to measure the resistance between the upper and
lower holes 1-1, 2-2, 3-3….8-8 must be <1Ω.
2.1.3. Test insulation: Use a special test box to connect the plug of the test box
with the corresponding plug of the battery. Rotate the multimeter to 200MΩ, fix it
in hole 1 with a test lead, and measure the insulation resistance between holes
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and the metal terminals at both ends of the battery pack with
ELABORÓ REVISÓ APROBÓ CODIGO
2.1.4. Test the open-circuit voltage: test the open-circuit voltage of the battery
after the continuity and insulation are normal. Turn the multimeter to the DC
voltage level, insert the positive test lead into 2 holes, and the negative test lead
into 1 hole, the voltage should be ≥28.7V. For batteries that have been put on
hold for a long time or have been used in a well, the open circuit voltage may
increase slightly, and it is normal to reach more than 29V. If the open circuit
voltage is lower than 28.7V, the battery is low or faulty.
2.1.5. Test load voltage: test the battery load voltage after the open circuit voltage
is normal. The test method is the same as the open circuit voltage. Press the load
button on the test box to test the load voltage should be ≥24V. Due to the
characteristics of lithium-thionyl chloride batteries, the open circuit voltage of the
battery is still normal when the battery capacity has been basically discharged.
Therefore, only the open circuit voltage is normal can not judge the battery is
normal, the load voltage must be tested at the same time. Since the lithium-thionyl
chloride battery is left for a long time or passes through a high temperature
environment, a passivation film will be formed on the surface of the metal lithium,
and the test load voltage will be lower at this time, which is a normal hysteresis
phenomenon. After loading (press and hold the load button and do not release),
the load voltage will return to normal, and the loading time varies from 1 minute
to 10 minutes. If the load voltage does not rise but falls after being loaded for a
long time, it means that the battery can no longer be used.
All the above tests are normal batteries, and the protective cover on the plug
should be installed after the test. Abnormal battery, record abnormal
phenomenon and data, restore the original packaging and hand it over to
professionals.
The installation of the battery cartridge must be carried out in strict accordance
with the installation instructions of the instrument. Pay attention to the following
matters during installation:
2.2.1. Before installation, it is necessary to check whether the inside of the battery
canister is clean, without water droplets and carbon deposits, and the battery
canister must not have blisters or damage. Record the product batch number on
the battery for future reference. Save the battery in its original plastic tube and
protective sleeve for later use.
2.2.2. Use the test box to check the continuity and insulation of the plugs at both
ends of the shock absorber assembly (4804007) before installing the battery.
2.2.3. The protective cover on the plug cannot be removed during the installation
process. When removing it, special attention should be paid to the fact that pins
1 and 2 on the plug cannot touch, otherwise it may cause a short circuit of the
battery.
2.2.4. If the resistance is too great when the battery is inserted into the battery
canister, it cannot be forcibly inserted, the reason should be found out, and the
obstacle should be removed before installation.
2.2.5. The transition outer cylinder at one end of the battery 6-pin 4-hole plug
(pigtail cable) should be tightened at the end, otherwise the braided cable may
be twisted and broken, resulting in a short circuit of the battery.
2.2.7. When installing the transition outer cylinder, the battery cylinder should be
fixed by means of back clamps, and it is not allowed to hold the battery cylinder
or ride on the battery cylinder.
2.2.8. After the battery canister and the transition outer canister are installed, test
the continuity and insulation of both ends with the test box again. The test method
is the same as the battery test method. Backup after the test is normal.
The connection between the battery canister and the instrument must be carried
out in strict accordance with the instrument installation manual. Pay attention to
the following matters during installation:
2.3.1. The ground simulation test of the downhole instrument assembly must be
carried out to confirm that the instrument is working normally; the components
with wires such as the centralizer can be connected to the outer battery cylinder
after the insulation and conduction are normal.
of the special battery working current test box is connected to the plug on the
centralizer. The current state of the circuit is the same as the state after the fishing
head is connected. Again, the instrument is connected to power from the battery.
Carry out the power-on work test according to the instrument manual. Pay
attention to the reading of the ammeter on the battery working current test box.
The continuous current should be less than 130mA (less than 185mA when
gamma is added), and the pulse current when the servo valve head operates
should be less than 1.5A. If the working current is too large, the instrument should
be checked for failure and cannot be used forcibly. Otherwise, the battery will be
used for a short time, affecting the work of the downhole instrument, and even
cause a safety accident due to the overload discharge or overdischarge of the
battery.
2.3.3. After testing that the working current of the battery is normal, connect the
salvage head and continue to operate according to the instrument manual.
The disassembly of the battery cartridge must be carried out in strict accordance
with the installation instructions of the instrument, and the following matters
should be paid attention to when disassembling:
a) The operator must wear protective clothing, gloves, protective glasses and
earmuffs, and the disassembly operation should be carried out outdoors as much
as possible. Before disassembling, check the appearance of the battery outer
canister. If the battery canister is found to be hot, personnel must quickly
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evacuate the site and return after observing for at least 4 hours without any
abnormal changes. If it is found that the battery canister is damaged, smells bad
or has traces of high temperature on the surface (burning blue), you should also
observe that there is no abnormal change for at least 4 hours before
disassembling it carefully. If it is difficult to disassemble, do not forcibly
disassemble the battery holder to avoid safety accidents.
b) When removing the battery canister, use the back clamp to fix the battery
canister, and do not hold the battery canister or ride on the battery canister.
c) Since there may be high-pressure gas in the battery canister, the operator
should stand on the side of the longitudinal axis of the battery canister when
disassembling the battery canister, and slowly rotate the clamp to avoid high-
pressure gas leakage in time.
d), first remove one end of the 6-pin 4-hole plug (pigtail cable). After disassembly,
if the battery is found to be damaged, do not forcefully disassemble the other end
to avoid safety accidents.
e) After removing the battery, immediately install a protective cover on the plugs
at both ends of the battery (wrap with insulating tape if there is no protective
cover), and store it in a packaging plastic tube.
3.1.2. Shipping
The regulations for the transportation of lithium batteries by road and rail vary
from country to country. Domestic transportation generally adopts road freight,
and must comply with relevant national laws and regulations during
transportation.
3.1.4. Lithium batteries must be transported in their original packaging, and must
not be exposed to sunlight, heavy pressure, rain, damp, impact or brutal handling.
The use time of the lithium battery is related to the working current of the
instrument. For example, if the average working current of the instrument is less
than 120mA, the cumulative use time of the battery can reach more than 200
hours. If the average working current of the instrument is greater than 185mA,
the accumulative battery usage time will be less than 130 hours. Different models
of instruments have different working currents, even if the instruments of the
same model have differences between each set of instruments. Therefore, it is
very important to detect the working current of the instrument before use to
estimate the battery life. Correctly predicting the battery usage time can avoid
tripping due to the battery running out of power in the middle, and more
importantly, it can prevent the battery from causing safety accidents due to
overload discharge or forced overdischarge.
3.3.1. Lithium battery leakage. The battery is ruptured and electrolyte, gas or
other substances leak out. The electrolyte of lithium-thionyl chloride battery is
highly corrosive, and when it encounters water vapor, it generates irritating sulfur
dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas. If the battery is found to be leaking, the
personnel should be evacuated immediately, and the irritating gas will be
dissipated before disposal. If it gets on the skin, it should be rinsed immediately
with plenty of water, and then treated by scalding. Leaked batteries or battery
cartridges containing leaked batteries should be moved to a safe place outdoors
for at least 72 hours and then buried deep.
3.3.2. Lithium battery exploded. The most obvious sign before the battery
explodes is fever. When the battery or battery cartridge is found to be hot, the
personnel should be evacuated immediately and observed for more than 4 hours
before disposal without danger. A battery explosion can cause the same damage
to people as other causes of the explosion. In case of personal injury, emergency
treatment such as hemostasis and immobilization should be performed
immediately and sent to the hospital for treatment. Exploded batteries or battery
cartridges containing batteries should be moved to a safe place outdoors for at
least 72 hours before being buried deep.
3.3.3. The battery has exploded underground. Do not disassemble the battery
canister. The battery canister with batteries should be moved to an outdoor safe
area for at least 72 hours and then buried deep.
3.3.4. Operators must wear protective clothing, protective glasses, gas masks
and gloves when dealing with the above accidents.
3.3.5. If you find that the battery has no power, poor contact and other faults, do
not disassemble the battery without authorization, but hand it over to
professionals or manufacturers for handling.
3.3.6. If the battery has no voltage because the fuse is blown, check the
instrument and all the connecting parts for short circuit, poor insulation, virtual
connection, etc., otherwise the failure may occur again. In particular, do not
There are many factors that cause lithium battery safety accidents. At present,
some of the mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. According to
the available information, the main factors affecting the safety of lithium
batteries are summarized as follows:
which are unstable and some of which have explosive nature. When there are
internal and external factors that cause the thermal reaction to run out of
control, the internal pressure of the battery rises sharply, and an explosion
occurs.
In order to avoid safety accidents when using lithium batteries, special attention
should be paid to the following issues: Battery short-circuit, Overload discharge,
Over-discharge, Charging, Shock and vibration, Excessive temperature.