EXPLORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROWTH OF THE

STRING BEANS PLANTED ON LOAM SOIL AND TOPSOIL

Submitted by:

Lonto, Jerimy L.

Laresma, Kiam Aiken B.

 Opulencia, Ailah Katrice P.

Submitted to: Sir Levin Salud

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

One of the most popular vegetables in the Philippines is string beans, or

sitaw. It is a genuine legume and has a closer botanical relationship to the

cowpea. Before the seeds mature or expand and while the skin is still smooth,

the fragile pods are delicious. (PhilRice, 2022)

The edible fruits of the bean plant, or the plants themselves, are string

beans. Because of a fibrous thread that runs the whole length of the pod and is

often removed before eating, these beans are known as string beans. Most of the

modern cultivars that are currently sold in supermarkets or garden supply stores

have been used to breed the eponymous string. Although they can also be yellow

or purple, these commonly called "green beans" are typically five to eight inches

(12–20 cm) long. Because they may be snapped in two when they are at their

freshest, they are also known as snap beans. (DelightedCooking, 2023)

Snap, string, or green beans are excellent sources of fiber, folic acid, and
the vitamins A, C, and K. They share the same nutritional advantages as okra

and snap peas. more plant-based diets, including green beans, may reduce the

risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and overall mortality, according to

numerous studies. fruit and vegetable consumption also supports a radiant

complexion, more energy, and general weight loss. More plant-based diets,

including green beans, may reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease,

and overall mortality, according to numerous studies.more plant-based diets,

including green beans, may reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease,
and overall mortality, according to numerous studies. fruit and vegetable

consumption also supports a radiant complexion, more energy, and general

weight loss. Green beans are not only reasonably priced, but also high in beta-

carotene, an antioxidant that gives fruits and vegetables their color. The

vegetable aids in the reduction of inflammation and is a good source of

potassium and folate, both of which assist control blood pressure.

String bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has a skin color of light to dark green,

though some of the cultivars can be a red or purple. The process of growth of

string beans can be 1 to 2 months, a green bean has a germination stage of

reproduction through flowering reproducing. In germination stage it begins to a

sprouts, when water dissolves or breaks apart the hard shell surrounding the

seed or embryo, beans sprout, or germinate. Warmth expedites the process. A

radicle, which is a small (embryonic) root, will emerge from the bean.
 Typically measure five to eight inches (12–20 cm) in length. Because they

may be snapped in two when they are at their freshest, they are also known as

snap beans. Green beans are best cooked until tender, just past that crisp stage,

as directed by most recipes. Raw green beans are fibrous, brittle, and have a

grassy, slightly bitter flavor.

Loam is highly desired by farmers, gardeners, and homeowners because

it is excellent for growing a variety of plants, including grass, trees, shrubs, fruits,
and flowers. The medium-textured loam soil that plants grow in allows air to

circulate around the roots of the plants, protecting them from illnesses that are

frequently seen in compacted, poorly draining soils. Because of the soil's

roughness, roots may spread out quickly, hold onto moisture, and absorb

nutrients. For the majority of garden plants, loam soil defines the optimal soil

composition; nevertheless, certain plants prefer sandy, rocky, or clay soil. Without

good soil, plants struggle to survive and typically need additional feeding and

watering. Loam holds nutrients and has a texture that retains water long enough

for plant roots to access it, but it drains well—meaning that the water eventually

seeps away, preventing plant roots from sitting in water and rotting. (Parvatha,

2015)

The top two to seven inches of soil, which has the highest concentration of

microorganisms and organic matter, are referred to as topsoil. After plant roots,

stems, and leaves disintegrate, organic matter is what is left over. Microbes,

larger organisms like worms, beetles, and other insects, as well as carbon and

nitrogen, make up topsoil. Potassium, phosphorus, and iron concentrations are

among the nutrients found in a productive topsoil. Topsoil varies according to

geographic location, climate, human activities, and more.

 Frequently, the more nutrient-rich and potently earthy the dirt is, the

blacker it is. Rich, nutrient-rich topsoil can retain more water. Topsoil can

therefore support more plant growth due to increased fertilizer and water

availability. Farmer's

Most importantly, dirt gives growing plants nutrition. This is because the
primary biological nutrient cycling occurs in this area of soil, which also supplies

the carbon and nitrogen molecules required for plant growth. We'll talk more

about these cycles after this. (Amendolare, 2022)

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the growth of the string beans

when planted on different kinds of soil. It will establish to answer the following question:

● What is the level of the effectiveness of growth of the string beans when

planted on the loam soil?

● What is the level of the effectiveness of growth of the string beans when

planted on the topsoil?

● Is there a significant difference between the variables in planting string

beans?
OBJECTIVES

● To know the level of the effectiveness of growth of the string beans

when planted on the loam soil.

● To know the level of the effectiveness of growth of the string beans

when planted on the topsoil.

● To identify the significant difference between the two soils to be

used.

HYPOTHESIS

H0 :There is no significant differences between the variables in planting string

beans.

HA: There is a significant differences between the variables in planting string

beans.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The focus of our research is to differentiate the growth effectiveness of the string beans
by using two different kind of soil, the loam soil and topsoil.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the growth of using different soil to

grow a string beans. The study is relevant and significant to the following:

Farmers. The study will give the farmer a knowledge on how rapidly the string beans

can grow.

Nutritionist. The study will help nutritionist to come in better understanding precisely

how the nutrients in string beans would work.

STEM Students. The study will be beneficial for them for additional knowledge relating

to their course subject and to be an agent of information in relation to science and

technology.

Future Researchers. This study will help other researchers who will pursue similar

research about the effectiveness of using different soil on growing string beans.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN STUDIES

Abdulazeez (2017) study reveals that sickle pods seedlings which is part of the bean

(pea) family grown in the loam soil produced greatest stem length (10.9cm), longest root

length (18.2cm) and highest number of secondary roots (21) as compared with other type of

soil. This suggest that loam soil is an ideal soil for sufficient vegetative growth, root

development, uniform seed germination, uniform seedlings and post seedlings management.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Abdulazeez (2017) Loamy soils are 'all round' soils and may be used to

grow most crops. They have the advantages of clay soils in that they retain plant nutrients yet,
they also have the drainage of sandy soils. They are easy to cultivate, easy for root plats

to penetrate and ideal for seed germination.

As stated by Maiti (2017) topsoil primarily provides a suitable growth medium for

vegetation. It is the major zone of root development and biological activity. All the microbial

activities that enhance plant growth are present in this layer, including insects, earthworms,

bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and actinomycetes. They help in decaying of organic matter to form

humus by mineralization process and release plant nutrients in inorganic form. In addition,

topsoil enhances soil structure and improves texture, infiltration characteristics and overall

fertility status of mine spoils. Top soiling is essential for rejuvenation of microbial life in the bare

mine spoils.

Shah & Mir (2016) stated that microgreens are emerging specialty food products which

are gaining popularity and increased attention nowadays. They are young and tender cotyledon

leafy greens that are found in a pleasing palette of colors, textures, and flavors. Microgreens are

a new class of edible vegetables harvested when first leaves have fully expanded and before

true leaves have emerged. They are gaining popularity as a new culinary ingredient. They are

used to enhance salads or as edible garnishes to embellish a wide variety of other dishes.

Common microgreens are grown mainly from mustard, cabbage, radish, buckwheat, lettuce,

spinach, etc. The consumption of microgreens has nowadays increased due to higher

concentrations of bioactive components such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants than

mature greens, which are important for human health. However, they typically have a short shelf

life due to rapid product deterioration.

Local Literature

Zurbano et al. (2022) mentioned that String beans, locally known as pole sitao is one of

the most cultivated crops in the Philippines and has an average yearly production of 112,311.00
tons. It is a legume and eaten as vegetable. It is normally consumed before the bean inside gets

fully matured

REFERENCES:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2016.1144557

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
316893849_Effects_of_Soil_Texture_on_Vegetative_and_Root_Growth_of_Senna_obtu
sifolia_seedlings_indigenous_to_Bichi_Sudan_savannah_of_Northern_Nigeria_in_Gree
n_House_Conditions

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279351771_Topsoil_Management

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leyden-Zurbano/publication/
364279104_Response_of_String_Beans_Vigna_unguiculata_subsp_sesquipedalis_L_o
n_Saline_Soil_Amended_with_Vermicompost/links/63d5dfc462d2a24f92d7d0d2/
Response-of-String-Beans-Vigna-unguiculata-subsp-sesquipedalis-L-on-Saline-Soil-
Amended-with-Vermicompost.pdf