Name: Jhon Dave G.

Cortez Subject: ABE 328 Section : BSABE 3A

Date Submitted : April 05, 2024

Literature of the Selected crop and Practices

I. Introduction

Lectura brassica L. Var. The costata DC plant has big, floppy leaves and a thick
stalk similar to a collard. The leaves are smooth, spherical, closely spaced, and have a
small notch on the edges. They can be consumed either raw or cooked. The outside
leaves are dark green, but the inside leaves are pale yellow, supple, and sweeter
(Rosa & Heaney, 1996; Ferreres et al., 2005).

Typically, a cabbage weighs 500–1,000 grams (1–2 pounds). Green cabbages

with firm heads and smooth leaves are the most prevalent type; purple and savoy
cabbages with both colors' crinkle leaves and smooth leaves are less common.
Cabbages can grow fairly large when grown in environments with long, bright days,
as those found in high northern latitudes during the summer. The largest cabbage
recorded in 2012 weighed 62.71 kg (138 lb 4 oz). Usually harvested in the first year
of the plant's existence, cabbage heads are maintained apart from other cole crops
to prevent cross-pollination. However, plants meant for seed are permitted to grow
a second year. Cabbage is susceptible to several pests, bacterial and fungal illnesses,
and deficits in key nutrients.

A very nutrient-dense vegetable is cabbage. Cabbage is high in fiber, vitamin

K, and vitamin C. They might benefit digestive and cardiac health. Due to their similar
appearance, cabbage and lettuce are frequently grouped together, although in
reality, cabbage belongs to the cruciferous vegetable family. Broccoli, kale, and other
cruciferous vegetables are well known for being incredibly nutrient-dense. A smart
place to start when trying to enhance your diet is with cruciferous veggies.

One type of Brassica oleracea plant is cabbage. It shares a relationship with

Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, and kale. It is frequently consumed as a
vegetable. Cabbages of several kinds are produced for food. Vitamin K1 is abundant
in cabbage leaf together with other minerals. It also contains compounds that may
aid in wound healing and cancer prevention. Cabbage is used to treat sore, firm
breasts from nursing. It is also claimed to treat osteoarthritis, cancer, knee pain, and
a host of other ailments, although these claims are not well-supported by scientific
research. Distinguishing cabbage from other kinds of the Brassica oleracea species
such as broccoli, Brussels sprout, collard, kale, and kohlrabi is important. They're not
the same thing.

II. Objectives
 1. To select crop and find existing literature on the selected crops which includes the
history of the crop , variety /species , and existing practices in growing the
crops.
2. To determine the water requirements , fertility requirement ( such as N, P, K, and
other nutrient requirements ) suited climatic conditions , soil properties
such as the soil texture , and soil pH.
3. To determine the common pest/disease and management and practices of
controlling it.
4. To determine the practices on water management and nutrient management.
5. To determine the appropriate season of the crop.
6. To determine the cultivation practices such the as planting density , and spacing ,
and tilth requirement.
7. To determine the yield of the crop ( average , maximum , or minimum).

III. Materials and Methods

IV. Results

A leafy vegetable belonging to the large "brassicas" family is cabbage. Its dense
green or purple leaves are used in a variety of dishes, and it is grown every year. Cabbage
heads, which can reach up to 4 kg in size, are extremely healthy to eat because they are high
in fiber, low in fat, and loaded with vitamins and minerals. The most widely accepted theory
holds that west cabbage was domesticated in Europe approximately 3,000 years ago from its
wild ancestors, who were able to survive in colder climates with less water thanks to their
thick leaves that retained moisture. Since 4,000 BC, cabbage has been consumed in the East
and was grown in North China. Thin lines that are separated by 5-7 cm should be sown. The
seeds are sown between one and two centimeters deep, covered with a thin layer of soil,
and then given a light watering with a water can. The beds then need to be covered with dry
grass, straw, or sugarcane leaves to keep the necessary moisture and temperature.

Try to keep the soil evenly moist while giving cabbage deep, sparing waterings. Every
week, one to two inches of water are needed. If you can, use drip irrigation to save water.
Mulching the area around the plant also inhibits the growth of weeds and helps retain soil
moisture.Because it regulates the availability of nutrients in the soil, soil pH has a significant
impact on plant health. The ideal pH range for growing cabbage and other leafy greens is
between 6.0 and 6.5.A balanced N-P-K ratio, which is typically represented as 10-10-10 or
12-12-12, is optimal for cabbage trees. But a greater phosphorus ratio—such as 8-16-16—
can also encourage vigorous development and flowering.Generally speaking, cabbage is a
cool-weather crop that germinates at a minimum soil temperature of 4˚C and an ideal
temperature range of 18˚ to 35˚C.Rich in humus (organic matter), deep loamy soil with good
drainage. If there is enough irrigation, loamy sand is also beneficial. pH: ideal range is 6.0–
7.0. It is not advisable to grow cabbage in extremely acidic soil.

Cabbage does not grow well in extremely acidic soil; it is not very resistant to
blackleg, and using fungicides is expensive; instead, use disease-free seed or treat with hot
water to get rid of fungus before planting; after harvest, remove and destroy crop debris, or
plow the soil deeply.Frequency; after transplanting to seedling establishment, give light
irrigation frequently (daily). Because cabbage has a dense but shallow root system, after
seedling establishment, reduce frequency to once every two days while maintaining light
irrigation.The USDA defines soil nutrient management as controlling the application of
manure, amendments, commercial fertilizers, and organic byproducts to agricultural
landscapes in order to provide plant nutrients. The "Four Rs" represent a widely accepted
framework for approaching nutrient management:
 Right amount - the proper rate of application
 Right source - applying the proper type
 Right placement - using the appropriate method for application
 Right timing - applying at the correct time in the lifecycle of the system.

Growers can minimize the amount of additions wasted or lost to the environment and
maximize the amount of nutrients absorbed by a crop by taking into account the Four Rs.
Sustainable agriculture relies heavily on soil nutrient management because it offers growers
financial advantages while minimizing the potential harm that excessive nutrient
amendments may cause to the environment.

Although it can be grown all year round, the rainy season is ideal. tolerant of
decaying black. matures in 70–80 days and has a 20–25 ton yield potential. Other cultivars
with circulation to stop deterioration include Green Express (round), Green Impulse (flat,
heat tolerant), and Helios (semi-flat, heat tolerant).The majority of sandy to heavy soils that
are rich in organic matter are used for cabbage cultivation. Because they can retain moisture
better in heavier soils, late crops do better than early crops in lighter soil. Plants grow more
slowly and have better keeping quality in heavy soils. The ideal pH range for growing
cabbage is thought to be between 6.0 and 6.5. Diseases are common in plants that grow in
saline soils. Cabbage seeds or transplants should be spaced 2-3 feet apart, with a gap of 12–
18 inches between each plant in the row. Cabbage does not suffer significant harm from
temperatures as low as 25°F, and it grows best in environments not higher than 80°F.
Planting transplants should occur two to three weeks prior to the growing area's final frost-
free date.Row spacing ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 m for heads weighing 1 to 1.5 kg each to 0.5
and 0.9 m for heads weighing up to 3 kg each, depending on the size of heads needed for
markets. Plant density between 30,000 and 40,000 plants per hectare can yield the best
results.

Cabbage yield varies substantially depending on the variety, maturity group, and
cultivation season. Early varieties yield an average of 25–30 t/ha, while late varieties yield an
average of 40–60 t/ha. Cabbage main Growth stages. 1) Seeds: before germination. 2,3) Early
and late seedling stages: beginning with emergence to the 5-6 leaf stage. In this stage the
cabbage plant is established. Leaves produced during this stage apparently do not reach a
large size and are usually dropped as the plant begins to form a head. 4) Transplant stage:
beginning at the 5-6 leaf stage and lasting through 6-8 leaf stage. Plants grow in size and new
leaves begin to form a horizontal rosette type of growth. 5) Cupping stage: plants have
formed the basic frame that will support growth of the head. Leaves begin to enlarge and
head wrapper leaves are produced. 6,7) Heading and mature: The head wrapper leaves
enlarge, the head begins to develop from the inside out and the outer leaves curve over to
cover the head, new ones are being produced from meristematic tissue inside the head and
will continue to be produced until the head is harvested. This is a period of very rapid
biomass accumulation (Strandberg et al., 1979).