Tundra

BY: MATTHEW OROZCO, JESUS

RAMIREZ, DIEGO HERNANDEZ
 Where is it found
The Tundra is found at both poles.
The poles are at the top and bottom of the globe
The Tundra is the coldest place on Earth
 Animals

• Polar bear
• Arctic fox
• Walrus
• Snowy owl
• Penguins
More Animals

• Seal
• Reindeer
• Beluga
• Hares
• Killer whale
 Plants

• Arctic willow
• Dwarf Willow
• Arctic Poppy
• Cotton grass
• Tundra Rose
 More Plants

• Saskatoon Berry
• Pasque Flower
• Bear Berry
• Artic Crocus
• Labrador Tea Shrub
 Polar Bear Grass

Food Chain
Producer
Tertiary consumer(apex
predator)
Carniv ore Arctic Fox Lemming

Primary consumer
Secondary consumer Herbiv ore
Food Web

Killer Whale Polar Bear

Art ic Wolf

Whale Seal

Artic Fox

Arctic Cod Reindeer

Shrimp

Lemming

Arctic Willow
Seaweed
Predator and
Prey
• An example of a relationship
between a predator and prey is
the Polar Bear and the Seal.

• Polar bears usually wait by a

seal's breathing hole and wait
for it to come up for air and
then jump on the seal

• Another example is when Polar

bears swim glacier to glacier to
stalk resting on the ice.
Commensalism

An example of commensalism in
the Arctic Tundra is the Artic Fox
following the caribou or reindeer.

While looking for food the caribou

digs up the soil and exposes small
underground mammals closer to
the surface. The fox follows the
caribou and finishes digging up
those small mammals and eats
them.
Mutualism

• A well-known example of
mutualism in the Arctic Tundra
is lichen.
• The lichen plant is made up of
a fungus and algae.
• The algae lives within the
fungus and provides the plant
with sugars and oxygen.
• The fungus provides
protection to the algae and
collects water and salts for the
algae cells
Parasitism
• An example of parasitism in the
Arctic Tundra is liver tapeworm
cysts and animals like moose,
caribou and wolves.
• The tapeworms(parasite) feed on
the food that is consumed by
these animals, leading to
malnutrition of the animals
body(host). The parasite benefits
but the host is harmed.
Group
behavior in
the Tundra
• A group behavior that you can
see in tundra is arctic wolves
hunting reindeer.
• They chase the reindeer down
until it tires

• Another example is Killer

whales hunting seals
• The whales create waves that
knock the seals off the ice
Polar Bear

• An abiotic factor that helps polar

bear populations increase is the
amount of sea ice, which they largely
depend upon to hunt and survive.

• A biotic factor that helps their

population increase is the number of
seals. More seals would mean more
food for the polar bears and more
chances of survival for the bears.
Seals

• An abiotic factor that decreases

the population of seals is global
warming. Global warming causes
the amount of sea ice to melt
quicker, and they lose their resting
grounds.

• A biotic factor that affects the

seal's population is the
abundance of predators.
Predators such as Polar bears,
Killer Whales and Arctic Wolves
lower the population of seals and
make it harder to survive.
Human impact
• Human impact in the tundra biome is most obv ious in the
exploration and dev elopment of mining, oil, gas and other
extractive industries.

• Due to global warming, the ice has begun to melt, and

populations of Polar bears, arctic foxes, penguins and other
native species have decreased ov er the last few years
 • Sciencing.com
• Worldatlas.com
• Earthobservatory.nasa.gov
Sources • un-habitat.org
• Nationalgeographic.com
 Thank you
Questions?

This Phot o by U nknow n aut hor is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.