Open Loop System:-

1. referred to as non-feedback system.

2. the output has no influence or effect on the control action of
the input signal.
3. has no knowledge of the output condition so cannot self-
correct any errors.

Then we can define the main characteristics of an “Open-loop

system” as being:
1. There is no comparison between actual and desired values.
2. An open-loop system has no self-regulation or control action
over the output value.
3. Each input setting determines a fixed operating position for the
controller.
4. Changes or disturbances in external conditions does not result
in a direct output change (unless the controller setting is
altered manually).
Suitable for on-off system.
Closed Loop system:-

1. known as a feedback control system

2. because a closed-loop system has some knowledge of the
output condition, (via the sensor) it is better equipped to
handle any system disturbances or changes in the conditions
which may reduce its ability to complete the desired task.

Then we can define the main characteristics of Closed-loop

Control as being:
 • To reduce errors by automatically adjusting the
systems input.
• To improve stability of an unstable system.
• To increase or reduce the systems sensitivity.
• To enhance robustness against external disturbances
to the process.
• To produce a reliable and repeatable performance.

Disadvantage:-
if the gain of the controller is too sensitive to changes in its
input commands or signals it can become unstable and start to
oscillate as the controller tries to over-correct itself,