October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

October University for Modern Sciences & Arts

Final Model Answer

Faculty Engineering
Department Electrical Communication and Electronics
Module Code ECE 532
Module Title Optoelectronics
Semester Spring 2016
Time Allowed 3 hours
Total Mark 40
No. of Pages 16 (including the cover page)
Material provided None
Equipment permitted No programmable calculator
Additional Instructions None

No books, paper or electronic devices are permitted to be brought into the

examination room other than those specified above.

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October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Faculty of Engineering
Module Code: ECE 532
Module Title: Optoelectronics
Semester: Spring 2016

Answer all/ no. of the following questions:

Question 1:……………………………………………………………….. (4 Marks)

When the mean optical power launched into an 8 km length of fiber is 120 μW,
the mean optical power at the fiber output is 3 μW. Determine:
(a) The overall signal attenuation or loss in decibels through the fiber assuming (1 Mark)
there are no connectors or splices.
(b) The signal attenuation per kilometer for the fiber. (1 Mark)
(c) The overall signal attenuation for a 10 km optical link using the same fiber (1 Mark)
with splices at 1 km intervals, each giving an attenuation of 1 dB.
(d) The numerical input/output power ratio in (c). (1 Mark)
Solution

However, the link also has nine splices (at 1 km intervals) each with an
attenuation of 1 dB. Therefore, the loss due to the splices is 9 dB. Hence, the
overall signal attenuation for the link is:

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Signal attenuation = 20 + 9 = 29 dB

Question 2:……………………………………………………………….. (3 Marks)

11
When 3 × 10 photons each with a wavelength of 0.85 μm are incident on a
photodiode, on average 1.2 × 1011 electrons are collected at the terminals of the
device. Determine at 0.85 μm.
a) The quantum efficiency. (1.5 Marks)
b) The responsivity of the photodiode (1.5 Marks)
Solution

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Question 3:……………………………………………………………….. (3 Marks)

A photodiode has a quantum efficiency of 65% when photons of energy 1.5

× 10−19 J are incident upon it.
(a) At what wavelength is the photodiode operating? (1.5 Marks)
(b) Calculate the incident optical power required to obtain a photocurrent (1.5 Marks)
of 2.5 μA when the photodiode is operating as described above.

Solution
(a)

(b)

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Question 4:……………………………………………………………….. (6 Marks)

Consider a multimode fiber with a core diameter Of 100 µm, core
refractive index of 1.475, and a cladding refractive index of 1.455 both at
850 nm. Consider operating this fiber at λ = 850 nm.
(a) Calculate the V-number for the fiber and estimate the number of modes. (1 Mark)
(b) Calculate the wavelength beyond which the fiber becomes single mode. (1 Mark)
(c) Calculate the numerical aperture. (1 Mark)
(d) Calculate the maximum acceptance angle. (1 Mark)
(e) Calculate the modal dispersion ∆τ and hence the bit rate X distance (2 Marks)
product given that rms dispersion σ ≈ 0.29∆τ in which ∆τ is the full spread.

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Question 5:……………………………………………………………….. (6 Marks)

It is required to analyze the optical resonator by using the following example:

Consider a Fabry-Perot optical cavity of air of length 100 microns with mirrors
that have a reflectance of 0.9.
a) Calculate the cavity mode nearest to 900 nm.

(2 Marks)
(2 Marks)
(2 Marks)

b) Calculate the separation of the modes.

c) Find the spectral width of each mode.

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d) Plot It/Ii versus KL for the Fabry-Perot cavity.

It/Ii
1------------------------------

2.77× 10-3------------------------------------- KL

Vm-1 Vm

(1  R) 2
It  Ii
(1  R) 2  4 R sin 2 ( KL)
I (1  R) 2
t 
I (1  R)  4 R sin 2 ( KL)
2

i
I 1
t 
2
I 1  4 R sin ( KL)
i (1  R) 2
I I
t max at sin( KL)  0 , t max  1
I I
i i
I I
t min at sin( KL)  1 , t min  2.77 10  3
I I
i i

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Question 6:……………………………………………………………….. (5 Marks)

It is required to analyze the GaAs quantum well light source by using the
following example: Consider a GaAs quantum well. The effective mass of
a conduction electron in GaAs is 0.07me and the effective mass of the hole
is about 0.50me, where me is the electron mass in vacuum and the quantum
well thickness is 10nm.
a) What is the electron energy, above Ec of GaAs? (2 Marks)
b) What is the hole energy, below Ev of GaAs? (2 Marks)
c) What is the change in the emission wavelength of a GaAs quantum (1 Mark)
well with respect to a bulk GaAs which has an energy bandgap of
1.42 eV?

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i)

ii)

iii)

(1 Marks)
(1 Mark)
(3 Marks)

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Question 7:……………………………………………………………….. (5 Marks)

It is required to analyze the LED light source by using the following

example:
Given that the width of the relative light intensity versus photon energy
spectrum of LED is around 3kBT.
a) What is the linewidth of the output spectrum in terms of (2 Marks)
wavelength?
b) Find the linewidth values at wavelengths of 870nm and 1550nm at (2 Marks)
room temperature (300K).
c) Discuss your results, the relation between the linewidth of the (1 Mark)
output spectrum and the wavelength.

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Question 8:……………………………………………………………….. (8 Marks)

Discuss with drawing the following:

a) The ray paths in a multimode step index fiber, multimode graded
index fiber.

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b) Direct bandgap and indirect bandgap semiconductors.

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c) Surface emitting LED and edge emitting LED

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d) The operation of the quantum well (QW) laser diode.

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