ASPECT: SPEECH

TOPIC: Revision of vowel sounds.

Monophthongs are vowels that has a single perceived auditory quality.

The 12 monophthongs are:

/i:/ as in meat, sleep, etc.

/ɪ/ as in market, pick, etc.

/e/ as in bed, head, etc.

/æ/ as in bank, slack, etc.

/a:/ as in class, shark, etc.

/ɒ/ as in pot, shot, etc.

/ᴐ:/ as in short, was, etc.

/ʊ/ as in book, shook, etc.

/u:/ as in pool, blue, etc.

/ʌ/ as in cut, love, etc.

/ɜ:/ as in shirt, nurse, etc.

/ə/ as in above, apple, etc.

ASPECT: GRAMMAR
TOPIC: Revision (Part of Speech)

The term “part of speech” refers to the role a word plays in a sentence.

The 8 parts of speech are:

1. Nouns

A noun is a word that names person, place, concept, or object. Basically, anything that names a “thing”
is a noun.

2. Pronouns

Pronouns are the words you substitute for specific nouns; that is, they're words used in place of a noun.

3. Adjectives

Adjectives are the words that describe nouns.

4. Verbs

A verb is an action or doing word. Not all verbs refer to literal actions, though. Verbs that refer to
feelings or states of being, like to love and to be, are known as nonaction verbs.

5. Adverbs

An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another adverb.

6. Prepositions

Prepositions tell you the relationship between the other words in a sentence.

7. Conjunctions

Conjunctions are linking words. conjunctions link words and ideas together.

8. Interjection

The utterance of a word or phrase expressive of emotion; the uttering of an exclamation.

ASPECT: LITERATURE
TOPIC: POETRY (Meaning and Features)

What Is Poetry?

Poetry is a type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a story in a concentrated,
lyrical arrangement of words.

Poetry is a form of literature that follows specific forms to create a rhythm and/or rhyme scheme.

What are the main features of poetry?

A poem has the following features:

1. Statement (Subject matter and theme)

2. Setting (explicit or suggested)

3. Voice.

4. Rhythm.

5. Rhyme.

6. Imagery and other language usage.

7. Sound patterns.
ASPECT: WRITING

TOPIC: Informal letter (Meaning and Features)

What Is an Informal Letter?

Informal letters are personal letters that are written to let your friends or family know about what is
going on in your life and to convey your regards. An informal letter is usually written to a family
member, a close acquaintance, or a friend.

Format of Informal Letter.

1. Address and date

The first thing to write is your address, i.e. the address of the writer. We usually write the address on the
left-hand side of the page at the very top. The address should be accurate and complete. Even when
writing to close friends or relatives the address must be written, so they can reply back to the letter with
ease. If the recipient of the letter is in another country, do not forget to write your country as well in the
address. Next just below the address we write the date.

2. Salutation

In informal letters, you can address your friends and family by their names prefixed by qualifying terms
such as Dear, My dear, Dearest, etc. You can also address them by their pet names (E.g. Dearest Rosy,
Dear Andy, My dear Sweety…) or by their relationship with you (Dear Uncle, Dearest Grandma, My dear
Cousin…).

3. Introduction Paragraph

The introductory paragraph sets the tone for the whole letter. The opening of informal letters should be
casual and comforting. It must not be formal and direct as in business letters.

4. Body of the Letter

The letter overall should maintain a friendly tone.

5. Conclusion

The conclusive paragraph sums up the reason for writing the letter, i.e. summarize the letter. Say a
meaningful and affectionate goodbye to the reader. And do not forget to invite the reader to write back
or reply to your letter. It shows an intention to keep the conversation going.

6. Subscription
You can use the following in informal letters to relatives and near friends: Yours affectionately, Yours
lovingly, Your loving friend, With love, etc., followed by your name (mostly your first name). If you are
writing to a close acquaintance whom you have addressed as Dear Mr., Mrs., etc., you can use Yours
sincerely, Kind regards, etc.