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StandardSpecificationÍor
Coal Ffy Ash and Raw or CalcinedNaturalPozzolanÍor Use
as a MineralAdmixturein Concretel
This standard is issued under the fixed designationC 618; the number immediately following the designationindicates the yeaÍ of
original adoption or, in the caseof reüsion, the year of last revision. A number in parenthesesindicatesthe year of last reapproval.A
superscriptepsilon (t) indicates an editoria.lchangesince the last revision or reapproval.

Thìs specíJìcationhas been approwd for use by agenciesoí the Deparlment of Defense.

L Scope 4. Classification
l.l This specifrcation covers coal fly ash and ra'w or 4.1 Class ly'-Raw or calcined natural pozzolans that
calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in comply with the applicable requirements for the class as
concrete where cementitious or pozzolanic action, or both, is given herein, such as some diatomaceous earths; opaline
desired, or where other properties normally attributed to cheús and shales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites,
finelydivided mineral admixtures may be desired, or where calcined or uncalcined; and various materials requiring
bothobjectives are to be achieved. calcination to induce satisfactory properties, such as some
clays and shales.
I Nors l-Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained
4.2 Class F-Fly ash normally produced from burning
r aircontentof concrete. Hence, if a mineral admixture is added to any
for which entrainment of air is specified,provision should be
: concrete anthracite or bituminous coal that meets the applicable
; made to ensure that the specihed air content is maintained by air requirements for this class as given herein. This class fly ash
j content
testsand by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of has pozzolanic propeúies.
i anair-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hy- 4.3 Class C-Fly ash normally produced from lignite or
üaúiccement. subbituminous coal that meets the applicade rcquirements
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in addition
. standard. to having pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitious
propeúies.

?, Referenced Documents Nors 3-Some ClassC fly ashesmay containlime contentshigher

than10%.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or 5. Ordering trnformation
Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in 5.1 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary op-
Portland Cement Concretel tional chemical or physical requirements.
5.2 The purchasershall indicate which procedure,A or B,
3,Terminology shall be used when specifying requirements for effectiveness
in contribution to sulfate resistance under Table 2A.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1fly ash-the finely divided residue that results from 6. Chemical Composition
üe combustion of ground or powdered coal and that is
6.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the
transportedby flue gasses.
requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table
Norr 2-This definitionof fly ashdoesnot include,amongother l. Supplementaryoptional chemical requirements are shown
the residueresultingfrom: (1) the burningof municipalgarbage
úings, in Table 14.
oranyotherrefusewith coal;(2) the injectionof lime directlyinto the
lor sulfur removal;or (3) the burningof industrialor municipal
boiler 7. Physical Properties
"incineratorash."
in incineratorscommonlyknown as
garbage
7.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the
3.1.2pozzolan-a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous physical requirements prescribed in Table 2. Supplementary
rnaterialwhich in itself possesseslittle or no cementitious optional physical requirements are shown in Table 2A.
raluebut will, in hnely divided form and in the presenceof
noisture,chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordi- 8. Methods of Sampling and Testing
narytemperaturesto form compounds possessingcementi- 8.1 Sample and test the mineral admixture in accordance
properties.
tious with the requirements of Test Methods C 3l l.
8.2 Use cement of the type proposed for use in the work
rThis specification is under the jurisdiclion of ASTM Committee C-9 on
and, if available, from the mill proposed as the source of the
loncrcte and ConcreteAggÍegatesand is the direct responsibilityofSubcommittee
cement, in all tests requiring the use of hydraulic cement.
[ü9.24 on Ground Slagand PozzolonicAdmixtures.
Cunent edition approved Feb. 6, 1998. Published July 1998. Originallv 9. Storage and Inspection
r u b l i s haesd C 6 1 8 - 6 8 T t o r e p l a c eC 3 5 0 a n d C 4 0 2 . L a s t p r e v i o u se d i t i o n
t ó 1 -8 9 7 .
9.1 The mineral admixture shall be stored in such a
2ÁnnualBook oJ'ASTM Standards,Vol 04.02. manner as to permit easy accessfor proper inspection and

301
 (l'|Ìlc ers
TABLE 1 Chemical RequiÍements
Mineral Admixture Class NorE

Silicondioxide(SiO2)plus aluminumoxide (Al2O3)plus iron oxide (Fe2Os),min, % 70.0 70.0 50.0

SulÍur trioxide (SO3),max, % 4.0 5.0 5.0 Multiple
Moisture côntent, max, % 3.0 3.0 amou
Loss on ignition,max, % 10.0 6.0Á 6.0 Increas€
Á TheuseoÍ ClassF Wzzolancontaining
up to 12.0%losson ignitionmaybe approvedby the useriÍ eitheracceptable
performance
recordsoÍ laboratory
testresulls over (
are madeavailable. Uniformi
In ad
entrai
TABLE 1A SupplementaryOptional Chemical Requirement shall Í
NorE-This optionalrequirement
appliesonlywhenspecifically
requested. prece
Effectiv€
MineralAdmixture Class ExpaÌ
N days,
Effectiv€
Availablealkalies,as equivalent,as Na2O, max, %A l Ê
1.5 1.5 Procedu
Á Applicableonly when specificallyrequired by the purchaseÍ Íor mineraladmixture to be used in concrete containingreactiveaggregateand cement to meet a limitatioíl Expar
on content oÍ alkalies. Fol
For
Prwdu
TABLE 2 Physical RequiÍements Expar
Mineral AdmixtuÍe Class @n
^ Apt
a Det
F/neness: c Min
Amount retained when wet-sieved on 45 pm (No. 325) sieve, max, %Á 34 34 34 evaluatic
Strength activity index: B equal to
With portland cement, at 7 days, min, peÍcent of 75D 750 75D than 0.01
control o Fly
With portland cement, at 28 days, min, percent oÍ TJ" 75D 75D w i t h i n2 '
control or equal
Water requirement,max, percent of control 115 105 105
Soundness:c
Autoclave expansion or contÌaction, max, % 0.8 0.8 0.8
UniÍormity requirements:
The density and Íineness oÍ individualsamples
shall not vary from the average establishedby the
ten preceding lests, or by all preceding tests if the
numberis less than ten, by more than:
Density, max variation trcm average,% J 5
Percent retained on 45-pm (No. 325), max variation, 5
percentage points Írom average l
Á Care should be taken to avoid the retaining of agglomerationsof extremely fine material.
I
EThe strength activity index with portland cement is not to be considered a measure of the compressivestrength oÍ concrete containingthe mineral admixture.ìhl
mass oÍ mineraladmixture specified Íor the test to determine the strergth activity index with portland cement is not consideredto be the proportion recommendedÍortre i
concrete to b€ used in the work. The optimum amount oÍ mineral admixture Íor any specific proiect is determined by the required properties of the concrete andollnl
constituents oÍ the concrete and is to be establishedby testing. Strengthactivity index with portland cement is a measure oÍ reactivity with a given cement and mayvary
i
as to the source oÍ both the mineral admixture and the cement.
c lÍ the mineral admixture will constitute more than 20 % by weight of the cementitiousmaterial in the project mix design, the test specimensÍor autoclaveexpandü
shall contain that anticipated percentage. Excessive autoclave expansion is highly significantin cases where water to mineral admixture and cement ratios are lo\,v,
íü
example, in block oí shotcrete mixes.
o Meeting the 7 day or 28 day strengti activity index will indicate specificationcompliance.

identihcation of each shipment.
9.2 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed
upon by the purchaser and the seller as part ofthe purchase
contract.
10. Rejection
10.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that
fails to conform to the requirements of this specification.
Rejection shall be reported to the producer or supplier
promptÌy and in writing.
10.2 The purchaser has the right to reject packages
varying more than 5 % from the stated weight. The pur-
chaser also has the right to reject the entire shipment if the
averageweight of the packagesin any shipment, as shown by
weighing 50 packages taken at random, is less than that
specifìed.
10.3 The purchaser has the right to require that mineral
admixture in storage prior to shipment for a period longer
than 6 months after testing be retested. The purchaserha
the right to rejectsuchmaterialif it fails to meetthe finenes
requirements.
11. Packagingand Parkage Marking
1l.l When the mineral admixture is delivered in paú.
ages, the class, name, and brand of the producer, andtht
weight of the material contained therein, shall be plainly
marked on each package. Similar information shallh
provided in the shipping invoices accompanying the
ment of packaged or bulk mineral admixture.
12. Keywords
l2.l fly ash; mineral admixtures; natural pozzolan:
pozzolans
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TABLE 2A SupplemcntaryOpüonalPhysícalRequírements
NoTE-Theseoptional requirementsapply only when specificallyrequested.
MineralAdmixture Class

factor, calculated as the product oÍ loss on ignition and fineness,

l'lultiph 255
amount retainedwhen wet-sieved on 45.1u,m (No. 325) sieve, max, %Á
hdease oÍ drying shÍinkage of mortar bars at 28 days, max, dilterenct-, in %, 0.03 0.03 0.03
oveícontrola
htÍorm\ Reqünemen\s:
ln addition,when air-entraining concrete is speciÍiêd, the quantity oÍ air- 20 20 20
entraining agent required to produce an air content oÍ 18.0 vol% oÍ mortar
shallnot vary from the aveÍage establishedby the ten pÍecedingtests or by all
[eceding tests if fess than ten, by more than, %
EÍÍectiveness in Contrdling Alkali-Silica Reaction:c
Exwsion of test mixture as per@ntage of low-alkali cement control, at 14 100 100 1ü)
days,max,%
Efrectivenessin Contributing to SuÌÍate Resistance:D
ftocedure A:
Expansion oÍ test mixture:
FoÍmoderatesulfate exposure after 6 months exposure, max, % 0.10 0.10 0.10
Forhighsulíate exposure after 6 months exposure, max, % 0.0s 0.05 0.05
Prmdure B:
Expansion oÍ test mixture as a percentage of sulfate resistance cement 100 100 100
mntrolafter at least 6 months exposure, max, %
rApplicable only Íor Class F mineral admixtures since the loss on ignition limitationspredominatefor Class C.
IoeteÍminationof complianceoÍ noncompliancewith the requirementrelating to increasein drying shrinkage will b€ made only at the request of the purchaser.
cMineral admixturesmeeting this requirementare consideredas efÍectivein controllingalkaliaggregatê reactionsas the use of the low-alkalicontrol cement used in the
However,the mineraladmixture shall be consideredeÍÍectiveonly when the mineraladmixture is used at percentagesby mass of the total cêmentitiousmaterial
0raluation.
0qnlto oÍ excêedingthat used in the tests and when the alkalicontent of the cement to be used with the mineraladmixturedoes not exceed that used in the tests by more
üü 0.05%.Se€ Appendix Xl, Test Methods C 31 1.
0Flyashor natural pozzolan shall be consideredefiective only when the fly ash or natural pozzolan is us€d at percêÍìtages,by mass, oÍ the total cementitiousmaterial
2 %oÍ those that are successtul in the test mixtures or between two percentages that are successÍul, and when the CaA content of the project cement is less than,
riüìin
üqud to, that which was used in the test mixtures. See Appendix X2 of Test Method C 31 1.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no po'sition respecting the validity oí any patenÍ rlgâts asssrÍed in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of tfiis standad are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk oí iníilngement ol such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standad is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committeo and must be rcviewed every five years and
if not revised, either rcapprcved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revísion of this standard or for additional standa/ds
and should be addrcssed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careÍul considerction at a meeting of the respnsible
technical committee, which you may attend. lf you feel that yout comments have not received a tair heaing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. 100 Baff Harbor Drive. West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
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