There are five types of SQL Commands

DDL - Data Definition Langauge

CREATE - create a new table
DROP - Delete both structure and records of table
ALTER - change/ Alter the table structure.
TRUNCATE - delete all the tables rows and reinstate Table
RENAME
COMMENT

DML - Data Manipulation Language

INSERT - Insert rows into the table
UPDATE - update /modify the table row data
DELETE - delete one or more rows from tables
LOCK
MERGE

DCL - Data Control Language

GRANT - grant permissions on the table for a user
REVOKE - revoke the permissions on the table from the user

TCL - Transaction control language

COMMIT - save all the transactions to the database.
ROLLBACK - rollback the transactions that have not been saved to database
SAVEPOINT - roll the transactions back to certain point without rolling back
the entire transactions.
SET TRANSACTION
DQL - Data query language
SELECT - used to query the database
where
and / or conjuctive operators
like clause (%, _
top,
limit
rownum
orderby - Ascending/Descending
groupby
having
distinct
alias

union
union all
Joins
inner join
outer join
full outer join
left outer join
right outer join

Constraint:

NOTNULL - ENSURES THAT

PRIMARY KEY
DEFAULT
UNIQUE
FOREIGN
CHEK CONSTRAINT
INDEX