Medical Devices & New Advances

A medical device is any device intended to be used for medical purposes. Significant
potential for hazards are inherent when using a device for medical purposes and thus
medical devices must be proved safe and effective with reasonable assurance
There are various devices categorised on basis of their purposes:

In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices:

In-Vitro diagnostics are testing done on blood or tissues that have been taken from
human body. These tests detect diseases or any other conditions that affecting health
and also can be used to monitor a person's overall health to help cure, treat, or prevent
diseases. These can be used for precision medicine to identify patients who can be cured
by certain treatment. Pregnancy tests, COVID-19 tests, and HIV tests are examples of
IVD products. Other examples of IVD devices include: Cancer diagnostics Blood glucose
monitoring systems, Blood grouping devices, Human genetic testing devices,
Immunoassays, Hepatitis tests, Self-tests and near-patient testing devices, Coagulation
test systems Urine test strips.
The global market is projected to reach 113.1 billion dollars by 2026 from 98.2 billion
dollars in 2021., with a CAGR 6.37 throughout the forecast period. As the rise in court
cases doctor house adopted these diagnostic devices thus there’s an increasing demand.
The Asia- Pacific will show most growth in these devices the rising demand is driven by
rising population and subsequent growth in chronic & infectious diseases does
increasing adoption of automatic and POC instruments growth awareness and research
& development in IVD. These tests will also be used as a specified test for a particular
diseases and accordingly remedies.

Dental Equipment:
Dental equipment is used for dental patients or medical devices only specific to teeth
and cavity treatment. Whether building a new practice from scratch or upgrading the
practice or expanding a practice with specific norms and operation numerous pictures
of dental equipment are needed. In this not just technology used for treatment of
patient it also includes systems of infection control utility systems that power the place
and all equipment used in as portable dental operator. Dental equipment can be divided
into many categories to encompass the type of equipment that are that every practice
needs in order to treat patients as well as the equipment required in practice providing
specific services such as endodontics or oral services mean equipment are dental
patient care operator I cabinet net delivery system dental operation lights extreme
evening system sterilising equipment and pieces utility equipment.
Some specific equipment that are you like an intraoral camera chairside CAD Cam
system 3D imagining system surgical microscope system dental lenses endodontic
equipment rental sleep medium equipment portable dental.
The global market for dental equipment has a value at 6.28 billion dollars in 2021 and
estimated or expected to reach 13.31 billion dollars by 2030 with a CAGR of 8.7 around
2021 to 2030. Major market relates to Asia-Pacific. Play the major cost all the increase
of these devices related to increasing dental in illness or diseases I’m people being
aware of routine check-up.

Ophthalmic devices:
Devices useful medical purposes for the use of optometry and ophthalmology. Its ranges
from non- invasive devices, instruments often used for diagnosis to invasive devices
such as contact lenses and implants t in devices such as intraocular, lenses & glaucoma
stents, surgical systems include lasers and phacoemulsification Machine and surgical
instruments.
Some ophthalmic devices are contact lenses that includes cosmetic lenses too, contact
lenses care products, diagnostics, implants, intraocular lenses, lasers,
phacoemulsification system solutions and surgical instrument, etc. Some of the
applications of these optimal devices are in surgeries, glaucoma, eye testing, retinal
surgeries, etc.
Market growth is accompanied by digital devices like laptops, computers, e-readers,
rapid technology advancements such as introduction of intraocular lens, also further
increase in research and development for novel devices, development related to vision
errors and rise in awareness also one of the major factors for increasing demands. The
global market please expected to grow crime by CAGR of 3.9% from 202 to 2027. At
current stage there is an increasing demand of contact lenses instead of eyeglasses.
Asia-Pacific will be major player in market growth.

Diagnostic Equipment:-
Devices used to identify nature for cause of a certain usually related to medical
conditions. Some diagnostic equipment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus,
temperature sensors or pacemaker, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, ophthalmoscope,
otoscope, electrocardiograph thermometer.
The diagnostic my market consists sale of equipment and relatable source, mainly X ray
system, ultrasound, compound tomography (CT) scanner, MRI system, cardiovascular
monitoring system, diagnostic devices, nuclear imaging devices.
The global market expected to grow from 3.81 billion dollars in 2021 to 37.7 $4,000,000
in 2022 at CAGR of 9%. This Steep rise was because COVID breakout. But now as a
decrease in COVID patients have changed the expansion of market with expected
growth of 59.46 billion dollars in 2026 CAGR 5.6%. The main cause of this Steve
increase or increase of market is related to increasing population and advances in
medical field have increased the demand. Also, emergence of routine diagnostic it is a
key trend gaining popularity in device market.

Hospital Supplies:
Items that are consumable expendable, disposable or non-durable and that are used for
treatment or diagnostic of patient’s specific illness, injury or condition. There are items
that help patients care for themselves but are disposable ones
Syringes, cannulas, and needles, Catheters, including kits, Coils, guide wire, Medical
tubing Endoscopic devices including laryngoscopes, laparoscopes, anascopes,
proctoscopes, arthroscopes, sinus copes, dematoscopes, ophthalmoscopes,
sigmoidoscopes, otoscopes, retinoscopies, or colonoscopes  Blood pressure monitors,
gauges, cuffs, aneroids, or infusers, monitor for glucose management, Medical
defibrillators, Medical lavage system, IV sets, Medical penlights, Stethoscopes,
Speculums, Medical scissors, Forceps, Single-use medical procedure trays and kits,
Medical diagnostic kits, point-of-care; Reflex hammers, Ear syringes, Ear wax removers,
Clinical swabs, specimen collectors, sponges, pads, tongue depressors, wooden spoons,
cotton balls, or cotton rolls, Antiseptic wipes for human use, Canes, crutches, walkers,
rollators, Patient wheelchairs, chairs, gurneys, stretchers, mats, and cots, Patient
transfer chairs, lifts, benches, boards, slides, discs, slings, and sheets, Patient vital-sign
monitoring devices, Human specimen collectors and containers (e.g., urine, blood,
tissue), Medical bandages, gauze, dressings, tape, swabs, sponges, and burn dressings,
Surgical sutures and staples; and removal kits, Thermometers for measuring human
body temperature, etc.
The global market is forecasted to be worth 68.76 billion dollars by 2027 from 39.36
billion dollars in 2022 growing at 11.8% during the forecast. The meaning the mean
increase is related to increasing or growing health infrastructure in hospitals as these
are used for curing infection stopping the spread of chronic diseases, and various other
uses related to patients care and diagnosis.
The hospital supplies mainly include operating room equipment, sterilization and
disinfectant equipment, syringes and needles, patient examination devices, mobility and
transport equipment, disposable hospital supplies
During 2021 that is possible hospital supplies leader with an expected or about the
growth of 46% of the global hospital supply market. Play Asia Pacific market is
projected with the highest growth of CAGR.
Cardiovascular devices:
Used to diagnose and treat heart diseases or related health issues, they can even be used
for heart and other abnormalities in body that may affect heart. Automated extended
defoliator, cardiac ablation cathedrals, cardiovascular angioplasty devices, implantable
cardioverter defoliators, heart valves, stents, vertical assist devices, Echo Cardiograph
equipment.
The global about 50.87 billion dollars in 2020 YouTube pandemic in the market by -
4.6% in 2020 now the market is projected to grow from 54.08 billion dollars in 2021 to
86.27 billion dollars in 2028 with a CAGR of 6.7% in the forecast.

Surgical Equipment:
There is a Wide Array of Instruments Available for Use During Surgical Procedures, with
Their Specific Uses and Advantages & Disadvantages. Scalpel (Used for Initial Incision
and Cutting Tissue), Scissor (Used for Cutting Tissue, Suture, or for Dissection), Forceps
(Used for Grasping Tissue or Objects), Needles & Suture (Needles Come in Many Shapes
and Cutting Edges for Various Applications. Suture Can be Absorbable, Non-Absorbable,
and is Available in Different Sizes), Retractors (In Varying Forms, Retractors are Used to
Hold an Incision Open, Hold Back Tissues or Other Objects to Maintain a Clear Surgical
Field, or Reach Other Structures), etc.
Do global equipment market is valued at 31,722.30 million dollars in 2019 to 14448.58
million dollars by 2027 with a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period. Asia Pacific
region is the is with the most growth in the market with a percentage growth of 8.2%
during the period.

Patient Monitoring Devices:

These are the these are very critical and most important system in the medical field as
they are used for monitoring physiological signals including electrocardiograph O2 level
body temperature and many others. Used for monitoring respiration, invasive and non-
invasive situations, blood pressure, oxygen saturation in human body (SpO2 level),
temperature and other gases etc. It is important to continuously monitor all aspects of
body or patient during the treatment and where devices are designed in such a manner
that taken monitor patient continuously if plugged. As it is used to measure record
distribute and display combinations of biometric value such as heart rate, blood oxygen,
saturation level, etc. they are needed, and they need to be use continuously used on
patients that are in dire need. Monitors situation easily regularly and continuously, thus
avoiding serious situation.
The global market for patient monitoring system was about 25,768.56 million dollars
and is projected to reach 44,861.56 million dollars by 2027 with a CAGR of 4.4%.
Orthopaedic devices
These are designed to prevent or manage musculoskeletal problems while orthopaedic
support, for straight weak joints or limbs. Back support and braces, foot and ankle
support, cervical joint, knee and elbow brace, Hip support are some of the examples for
orthopaedic devices.
The global orthopaedic device market was valued at 37.2 billion dollars in 2018 I need
expected to read 47.7 billion dollars by 2026. With a CAGR of 3.1%.

Diabetic Care Devices:

Used to monitor, control blood sugar level at clinics, hospitals or home. Ex Insulin Pump,
Blood Sugar monitor, Blood Lancelets and diabetic Test Strips, Ketone Test Strip,
Glucose Tablets ad Glucagon, Diabetic Medical Alert Bracelet.
The Global diabetic Care devices market size is 20 billion dollars in 2020 ad is projected
to reach 38.3 billion dollars by 2030, at CAGR of 6.6%. Makor Factors include people
alertness to routine check-ups, increasing population and low death rate has been major
cause.

Nephrology And Urology Devices:

These are devices used for treatment of urinary system and kidney related deceases
such as Chronic-Kidney Diseases (CKD), urinary incontinence and pelvic organ
prolapse, kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia and end stage renal diseases. The
nephrology and urology devices, Tur Set, Nelaton Catheter, Folleys Catheter, D J Stent,
Urethral Catheter, Hemodialysis Catheter Kit, Femoral Catheter, Blood Tubing Set,
Urometer With Urine Bag, Urine Bag, PCN Catheter, Guide Wire, Transducer Protector,
Nephrostomy Kit.
The Global Nephrology and Urology market was valued at 5.24 billion dollars in
2021and expected to grow with CAGR of 6.8% from 2022 to 2030.

ENT (Ear-Nose-Throat) Devices:

Used for wide range of purposes including use for identifying, therapy or surgical
treatment of ear, nose, throat related diseases or problems. Devices Such as ENT
workstation, Exam Tables, Electrosurgical Units, Otoscope, ENT chair, ENT microscope,
ENT treatment Cabinet.
The Global market is estimated to be 16.2 billion dollars in 2021 and expected to reach
22.3 billion dollars with CAGR of 6.6 by 2027.
Anesthesia and respiratory devices:
Devices comprises of dosing units, a respiratory device and monitor of both devices and
patients. Inhalation. Anesthesia administers a mix of year oxygen nitrous oxide.
Therapeutic Devices. Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Devices, Continuous Positive
Airway Pressure (CPAP) Devices, Masks. Nasal Masks. Full-face Masks, Ventilators,
Nebulizers, Humidifiers, Oxygen concentrators, Fixed Oxygen Concentrators, Inhalers,
Dry Powder Inhalers, Reusable Resuscitators. Adult Resuscitators.
The global market is about what is 40.25 billion dollars in 2021 is likely to grow with
CAGR of 8.21% from 2022 to 2030 do an estimate value of 81.9 billion dollars.

Neurology devices:
Used to restore healing site provide increasing functions of those limbs lost limbs or co-
genital limb difference some of the devices of neurological devices include euro
diagnostics neuro interventional and neuro stimulation devices
The global market is projected to groove with a CAGR of 8.4% during 2022- 2027.

Wound care devices:

Wound care devices can be defined as a wound dressing, cotton wool, gauges, dressing
bandage, sutures, surgical glove. Adherent and co-adherent dressing, gauze dressing
anti-dressing products alignment dressing gauges, stables sutures, bandages & First-aid
therapy these are some of the applications.
The Global market was at 13,396.8 million dollars in 2018 and is projected to reach
18,818.8 million dollars with a CAGR of 4.3%
 3D Printing
3D printing is a manufacturing process that creates a physical object from a digital
model file. The technology works by adding layer upon layer of material to build up a
complete object. the 3D printing process involves building up layer upon layer of molten
plastic to create an object. As each layer sets, the next layer is printed on top and the
object is built up.
To make a 3D print, a digital file is needed that tells the 3D printer where to print the
material. This adding up of layers gives 3D printing its alternative name – ‘additive
manufacturing’. 3D printing is segregated into FDM (fused deposition modelling) and
FFF (fused filament fabrication) processes. The most widely used technologies are FFF
3D printing, SLA (stereolithography), and SLS (selective laser sintering).

FFF 3D printing: An FFF printer extrudes a thick string of material, commonly

referred to as filament, through a heated nozzle. The nozzle is mounted on a motion
system that moves it around a build area, where melted filament is deposited onto a
build plate. As the material cools and solidifies, the build plate moves down layer by
layer until the object is complete.

SLA 3D printing: SLA 3D printing uses a UV-curable resin as raw material. The resin
is poured into a container in which a build platform is submerged. A laser shines UV
light on the resin to harden a particular cross-section of the required shape. The
platform gradually raises out of the container to build up the print.

SLS 3D printing: SLS 3D printing uses a powdered raw material, typically a polymer
that sits in a container, where a blade distributes a thin layer of material onto the build
area. A laser fuses the small particles of material together to form a single horizontal
layer of the part, then the container then moves a fraction to start a new layer, and the
blade swipes across the build area to deposit a new layer of raw material. This process
repeated continuously to create the finished product.
Object produced from digital files rendered from MRI or CAD drawings it can differ in
terms of how layers are deposited or in type of material used. A variety of 3D printers
are available on the market ranging from inexpensive models m that consumers and
capable for printing small simple parts to play frequently large and more complex
products

Applications of 3D printing in medical science:

 They are used for knee replacement with a porous structure facilitating tissue
growth and integration these can also provide ability to create old products or
device component at words can be used for patient maize products based on
patient's anatomy examples replacement trainer implants dental restoration.
 They can reduce operation date time and increase surgical accuracy, especially in
oral and maxillofacial fields.
 Bioprinting tissues and organ 3D printing use computer guided prepaid to layer
during sales refer to as bio-Ink on top of one another to create an artificial these
can be used for medical researchers they can make organs on a miniature scale
and cheaper alternative for organ transplant surgery Ashish preparation
assistance by 3D models.
 Another application of 3D printing in medical field is creating patient specific
organ replacement that surgeons can use to practice on before operation that is
get ready for a particular patient specific operation drill.
 Sterile surgical instruments such as forceps, scalpel, clamps. As they are the 3D
printing models are cheaper, and their production is quite fast, they are used for
producing these sterile surgical instruments.
 Custom-made prosthetics using 3D printing it is a fast and cheap mainly for kids
as they out-grow they are prosthetics does make them remake it or remodel
them for their specific height, health, size so that are cheaper and can be
upgraded as per the needs.

BENEFITS OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

 Customization and Personalization

The greatest advantage that 3D printers provide in medical applications is the

freedom to produce custom-made medical products and equipment. For
example, the use of 3D printing to customize prosthetics and implants can
provide great value for both patients and physicians. In addition, 3D printing can
produce made-to-order jigs and fixtures for use in operating rooms. Custom-
made implants, fixtures, and surgical tools can have a positive impact in terms of
the time required for surgery, patient recovery time, and the success of the
surgery or implant. It is also anticipated that 3D printing technologies will
eventually allow drug dosage forms, release profiles, and dispensing to be
customized for each patient.

 Increased Cost Efficiency

Another important benefit offered by 3D printing is the ability to produce items

cheaply. Traditional manufacturing methods remain less expensive for large-
scale production; however, the cost of 3D printing is becoming more and more
competitive for small production runs. This is especially true for small-sized
standard implants or prosthetics, such as those used for spinal, dental, or
craniofacial disorders. The cost to custom-print a 3D object is minimal, with the
first item being as inexpensive as the last. This is especially advantageous for
 companies that have low production volumes or that produce parts or products
that are highly complex or require frequent modifications.
 Enhanced Productivity

“Fast” in 3D printing means that a product can be made within several hours.
That makes 3D printing technology much faster than traditional methods of
making items such as prosthetics and implants, which require milling, forging,
and a long delivery time. In addition to speed, other qualities, such as the
resolution, accuracy, reliability, and repeatability of 3D printing technologies, are
also improving.

 Democratization and Collaboration

Another beneficial feature offered by 3D printing is the democratization of the

design and manufacturing of goods. An increasing array of materials is becoming
available for use in 3D printing, and they are decreasing in cost. This allows more
people, including those in medical fields, to use little more than a 3D printer and
their imaginations to design and produce novel products for personal or
commercial use. The nature of 3D printing data files also offers an
unprecedented opportunity for sharing among researchers. Rather than trying to
reproduce parameters that are described in scientific journals, researchers can
access downloadable files that are available in open-source databases. By doing
so, they can use a 3D printer to create an exact replica of a medical model or
device, allowing the precise sharing of designs.

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS FOR 3D PRINTING

3D printing has been applied in medicine when the technology was first used to make
dental implants and custom prosthetics. Since then, the medical applications for 3D
printing have evolved considerably. 3D printing used to produce bones, ears,
exoskeletons, windpipes, a jaw bone, eyeglasses, cell cultures, stem cells, blood vessels,
vascular networks, tissues, and organs, as well as novel dosage forms and drug delivery
devices

Bioprinting Tissues and Organs:

Tissue or organ failure due to aging, diseases, accidents, and birth defects is a critical
medical problem. Current treatment for organ failure relies mostly on organ transplants
from living or deceased donors. However, there is a chronic shortage of human organs
available for transplant. Organ transplant surgery and follow-up is also expensive and
additional problem is that organ transplantation involves the difficult task of finding a
donor who is a tissue match. This problem could likely be eliminated by using cells
taken from the organ transplant patient’s own body to build a replacement organ. This
would minimize the risk of tissue rejection, as well as the need to take lifelong
immunosuppressants.
Therapies based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are being pursued as
a potential solution for the organ donor shortage. 3D bioprinting offers additional
important advantages beyond this traditional regenerative such as: highly precise cell
placement and high digital control of speed, resolution, cell concentration, drop volume,
and diameter of printed cells. Researchers have used 3D printers to create a knee
meniscus, heart valve, spinal disk, other types of cartilage and bone, and an artificial
ear. Cui and colleagues applied inkjet 3D printing technology to repair human articular
cartilage. A number of biotech companies have focused on creating tissues and organs
for medical research.

Building 3D Vascularized Organs:

Studies regarding bioprinting have been performed successfully, but the organs that
have been produced are miniature and relatively simple, often avascular, aneural,
alymphatic, thin, or hollow, and are nourished by the diffusion from host
vasculature. However, when the thickness of the engineered tissue exceeds a limit, it
surpasses the limitation for oxygen diffusion between host and transplanted tissue. As a
result, bioprinting complex 3D organs will require building precise multicellular
structures with vascular network integration, which has not yet been done.

Most organs needed for transplantation are thick and complex, such as the kidney, liver,
and heart. Cells in these large organ structures cannot maintain their metabolic
functions without vascularization, Therefore, functional vasculature must be bio-
printed into fabricated organs to supply the cells with oxygen exchange, nutrients,
growth factors, and waste-product removal. Although the conventional tissue
engineering approach is not now capable of creating complex vascularized organs,
bioprinting shows promise in resolving this critical limitation. Various 3D printing
techniques and materials have been applied successfully to create vasculature as simple
as a single channel, as well as more complex geometries, such as bifurcated or branched
channels.

Customized Implants and Prostheses:

Implants and prostheses can be made in nearly any geometry through the help of X-ray,
MRI, or CT scans and deciphering it to particular 3D prosthetic print files. In this way,
3D printing has been used successfully in the health care sector to make both standard
and complex customized prosthetic limbs and surgical implants. The ability to quickly
produce custom implants and prostheses solves a clear and persistent problem where
standard implants are often not sufficient for some patients. Skulls have irregular
shapes, so it is hard to standardize a cranial implant. In victims of head injury, where
bone is removed to give the brain room to swell, the cranial plate that is later fitted
must be perfect thus more and more plates are created using 3D printers, which makes
it much easier to customize the fit and design. 3D printing has already had a
transformative effect on hearing aid manufacturing. Today, most of hearing aids that fit
into the ear are custom-made using 3D printing.

Anatomical Models for Surgical Preparation:

The individual variances and complexities of the human body make the use of 3D-
printed models ideal for surgical preparation. Having a tangible model of a patient’s
anatomy available for a physician to study or use to simulate surgery is preferable to
relying solely on MRI or CT scans. 3D-printed neuroanatomical models can be
particularly helpful to neurosurgeons by providing a representation of some of the most
complicated structures in the human body as relationships between cranial nerves,
vessels, cerebral structures, and skull architecture can be difficult to interpret based
solely on radiographic 2D images. 3D-printed models can be useful beyond surgical
planning utilized to aid the understanding of other types of biological or biochemical
structures.

Custom 3D-Printed Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Devices

3D printing technologies are already being used in pharmaceutical research and

fabrication. Advantages of 3D printing include precise control of size and dose, high
reproducibility, and the ability to produce dosage forms with complex drug profiles.
Complex drug manufacturing processes could also be standardized through use of 3D
printing to make them simpler and more viable. 3D printing technology could be very
important in the development of personalized medicine.

Personalized Drug Dosing : The purpose of drug development should be to increase

efficiency and decrease the risk of medicine reactions, a goal that can potentially be
achieved through the application of 3D printing to produce personalized medications.
Patients who have multiple chronic diseases could have their medications printed in one
multidose form that is fabricated at the point of care.

Future Trends

3D printing is expected to play an important role in the trend toward

personalized medicine, through its use in customizing nutritional products,
organs, and drugs. 3D printing is expected to be especially common in
pharmacy settings. This would cause existing drug manufacturing and
distribution methods to change drastically and become more cost-
effective. If most common medications become available in this way,
patients might be able to reduce their medication burden to one polypill
per day, which would promote patient adherence.

The most advanced 3D printing application that is anticipated is the

bioprinting of complex organs. Although, due to challenges in printing
vascular networks, the reality of printed organs is still some way off, the
progress that has been made is promising. As the technology advances, it is
expected that complex heterogeneous tissues, such as liver and kidney
tissues, will be fabricated successfully. This will open the door to making
viable live implants, as well as printed tissue and organ models for use in
drug discovery. It may also be possible to print out a patient’s tissue as a
strip that can be used in tests to determine what medication will be most
effective.