Technological Institute of the Philippines

Quezon City

Written Report Paper

Curitiba Brazil: City Presentations

Submitted by:

Guan, Jeffrey Q.
Balquin, Mika Ella Dr.
Sañosa, Eingelrose F.
Atole, Tameh Buenviaje

ARCH42S4

Submitted to:

Ar. Eduardo Jr. Bober

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. BRIEF BACKGROUND 2

II. VITAL STATISTICS 3

Political Boundaries 4
Major Economic Activities 4
Cultural Composition 5

III. ECONOMIC INFORMATION 6

Economic Development 6

IV. HISTORY 8
Brazil Timeline 8
Most Important Events in the History of Brazil 8

V. PROBLEMS AND ISSUES 12

Mass Unemployment: 12
Uncontrolled growth of squatter settlements. 12
Unorganized disposal of waste. 12

VI. SPECIFIC SITES 13

Botanical Garden 13
Ópera de Arame’ Opera House 13
Oscar Niemeyer Museum 14
I. BRIEF BACKGROUND

Curitiba is the Capital City of Paraná, Southern Brazil. In 1654, Curitiba started as a gold-mining
camp, and 200 years later, it became a state capital (1854). Many societies have already settled in Curitiba
from the 19th century up to the 20th century such as Polish, Italian, Syrians, Germans, and Japanese
settlers. With its rapid economic and population growth, the city faced a massive rejuvenation under Jaime
Lerner and his associates through state-wide urban planning that prioritized the people and its environment
and created large parks, efficient transportation, zoning regulations, and recreational facilities.

Brazil Map
https://www.mappr.co/political-maps/brazil-states-map/

Curitiba, Brazil Map

https://www.gifex.com/South-America/Brazil/Parana/Curitiba/index_en.html
II. VITAL STATISTICS

Population 3,770,919 (2020)

Growth Rate 1.12%

Total Land Area 430.9 km2

Urban Area: 319.4 km2

Metro Area: 15,416.9 km2

Density 4,062/km2

Currency the real (R$)

After the 1960s in Curitiba, a high population growth occurred because of the innovative urban
planning of the city.Today, Curitiba, Brazil’s population is at 3,770,919 as of 2020 with a total land area of
430.9 km2 and a density of 4,062/km2. It is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná as well as the
largest city and ranks no. 8 in the most populous city of Brazil. Curitiba has 26 municipalities which are
Adrianópolis, Agudos do Sul, Almirante Tamandaré, Araucária, Balsa Nova, Bocaiúva do Sul, Campina
Grande do Sul, Campo Largo, Campo Magro, Cerro Azul, Colombo, Contenda, Curitiba, Doutor Ulisses,
Fazenda Rio Grande, Itaperuçu, Lapa, Mandirituba, Pinhais, Piraquara, Quatro Barras, Quitandinha, Rio
Branco do Sul, São José dos Pinhais, Tijucas do Sul, Tunas do Paraná.
In 2017, Curitiba’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) became the fourth largest GDP in Brazilian
capitals, with US $2.36 billion according to IBGE 2017.
Political Boundaries

Curitiba shares its boundaries with Sau Paulo at its north, Paranagua which is at the coast at its
east, Santa Catarina at its south, and Central & South Central and Campos Gerais taking the most
boundary at its west.

Paraná, Brazil Political Map

https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Paran%C3%A1

Curitiba’s Park and Transportation Map

https://www.grida.no/resources/5858

As you can see in the city map above, Curitiba has parks in its boundaries, this is a strategy in
order to control the city’s growth. It is included in the 1965 Master Plan of Curitiba where it still guides the
city today. This master plan enhanced the public transportation, greenery, and growth of the by prioritizing its
residents from vehicles.

Major Economic Activities

Curitiba has many economic activities to develop its income such as Trade and Transportation
(34.05%), Manufacturing (16.29%), Construction (8.28%), Education and Health (10.99%), Financial
Activities (6.36%), Leisure and Hospitality (4.11%), Professional and Business (18.04%), Natural Resources
(0.33%), and others.
 Curitiba’s Economic Composition
https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/1242/economic-composition

Curitiba’s manufacturing is one economic activity to note for as the “Volvo” company’s large factory
is situated in the city. This company placed their manufacturing in the city as the workforce are very
educated, since then the Industry grew bigger and bigger. Ciudade Industrial de Curitiba or C.I.C. is an
Industrial City program where gave way to “many transnational industries, such as Nissan, Renault,
Volkswagen, Philip Morris, Audi, Volvo, HSBC, Siemens, ExxonMobil, Electrolux and Kraft Foods, as well as
many well-known national industries, such as Sadia, O Boticário and Positivo Informática”.

Cultural Composition

Ethnicity
Most people in this city is white with 78.9%
of the population while multiracial citizens are 16.0%,
meanwhile only 0.2% are Amerindian. Southern
Brazil is descendants of the Europeans with
Portugueses and Spanish heritage. Large
communities in this city are Jewish and Japanese,
from the rise of Nazi Germany and Japanese
immigrants.

Religion
In 2010, Curitiba’s prominent religion was
Catholic with 62.36%, followed by Protestantism
(24.03%), Spiritism (2.8%), other religions (3.69%), and
Irreligious at 6.71%.

Language

Brazil’s official language is Portuguese. Most

citizens are not fluent in English but can understand
Spanish. They mostly speak in their native language.
III. ECONOMIC INFORMATION
Economic Development
With a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US$ 16,1 billion (Figure 3), Curitiba is in fifth place in the national
ranking among the capitals. The GDP per inhabitants of the city is more than US$ 8,39 thousand. The service sector
is responsible for 84% of this participation.

- Curitiba is in first place in the Brazilian ranking of productivity and efficiency in the technology sector.
- In addition, the city is the fourth place in Brazil regarding the quantity and quality startups, according to the
mapping by StartupBlink.

GDP IN CURRENT PRICES

THE CITY OCCUPIES FOURTH PLACE AMONG THE

BRAZILIAN CAPITALS IN THE RANKING OF THE NUMBER
OF ECONOMIC ESTABLISHMENTS.

The service sector is responsible for 58.5% of the total

of establishments.
The percentage of the service sector shows that Curitiba
is following the trend of the biggest cities in the world, where regional
SOURCE: IBGE 2018 economic development is experiencing expansion.

THE CITY’S ECONOMY IS BASED ON:

MANUFACTURING
-The city of Curitiba is Brazil's second largest car manufacturer.

INDUSTRY
-The industrial sector represents a large portion of the city's income.
-Currently, the capital has the fourth-largest industrial GDP among Brazilian capitals, US$2,36 billion according to data from IBGE
2017.
-Curitiba is the fourth capital with more jobs related to the industrial sector, with a balance of 87.468 jobs in 2019.

TRADE FOREIGN
-In 2020, Curitiba was the fourth Brazilian capital in the ranking for foreign trade, reaching the value of US$ 957,6 million in exports.
- The four main destinations were:
- Argentina (17%),
- (China 13%)
- Peru (8%)
- Chile (7%)
-The main goods of exportation which represents de most representative part of our foreign trade:
-tractors (13%)
-soybean (13%)
-sawn wood (9%)
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Curitiba is considered as The Greenest City in the World.

● Curitiba has 52 suqare metres of green space per person making it one of the greenest cities in the world. It has a lot huge
number of green spaces act as a natural stormwater management system and is very successful.

● Many other Brazilian cities choose to channel river systems with concrete walls and barriers, but Curitiba idealises the more
natural form of management that preserves the natural course of the Iguacu river.

● Around 90% of people in Curitiba take part in their own version that trade four pounds of waste for tokens that can be traded
for a pound of produce.

Major Agricultural products in Curitiba includes the following:

● Gold
● Iron Ore
● Aluminum Oxide
● Sulfate Chemicals
● Soybean
● Poultry Meats
● Raw Cottons
● Raw sugar
IV. HISTORY
Brazil Timeline

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Brazil was settled by thousands of small tribes. These tribes did
not develop writing or monumental architecture and little is known about them before 1500 CE.

Until the arrival of the Europeans, Brazil was settled by stone-age tribes. Then the Portuguese
arrived in 1500 and Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed Brazil as a colony of Portugal. The first settlement was
founded in 1532 and Portugal began to take more of the land. The primary export was sugar. Slaves were
imported from Africa to work the fields. Brazil continued to expand through wars and battles. The
Portuguese defeated the French to take Rio de Janeiro and also took over several Dutch and British
outposts. Soon Brazil was one of the largest territories in the world. Today it is the 5th largest country in the
world.

In 1807, the Portuguese royal family escaped from Napoleon and fled to Brazil. Although the king,
Dom Joao VI, returned to Portugal in 1821, his son remained in Brazil and became emperor of the country.
He declared Brazil's independence in 1822.

In 1889, Deodoro Da Fonseca led a coup to take over the government from the emperor. He
changed the government to a republic ruled by a constitution. Over the years since, the country has been
ruled by elected presidents as well as by military coups.

Most Important Events in the History of Brazil

● 1500 - Portuguese
explorer Pedro Alvarez
Cabral discovers Brazil
while on route to India. He
claims the land for
Portugal.

Pedro Alvarez Cabral Makes Landing

● 1532 - Sao Vicente is established as
the first permanent settlement in
Brazil by Portuguese explorer Martim
Afonso de Sousa

● 1542 - Spanish explorer Francisco

de Orellana completes the first
navigation of the entire Amazon
River.

AMAZON RIVER

● 1549 - Jesuit priests arrive and begin to

convert the locals to Christianity.
● 1565 - The city of Rio de Janeiro is
established.
● 1630 - The Dutch establish a colony
called New Holland on the northwest coast of
Brazil.
● 1640 - Portugal declares its
independence from Spain.
● 1661 - Portugal officially takes over the
territory of New Holland from the Dutch
● 1727 - The first coffee bush was
planted in Brazil by Francisco de Melo Palheta.
Brazil eventually becomes the world's largest
producer of coffee.
● 1763 - The capital city was moved from
Salvador to Rio de Janeiro.
● 1789 - A Brazilian independence
movement is stopped by Portugal.
● 1800s - Millions of slaves are imported
to work the coffee plantation.

CARACOL FALLS
● 1807 - The French Empire, led by Napoleon, invades
Portugal. King John VI of Portugal flees to Brazil.
● 1815 - Brazil is elevated to a Kingdom by King John VI.
● 1821 - Brazil annexes Uruguay and it becomes a province of
Brazil.
● 1822 - Pedro I, son of John VI, declares Brazil an
independent country. He names himself the first emperor of
Brazil.
● 1824 - The first constitution of Brazil is adopted. The country
is recognized by the United States.
● 1864 - The war of the Triple Alliance begins. Brazil, Uruguay,
and Argentina defeat Paraguay.
● 1888 - Slavery is abolished by the Golden Law. Around 4
million slaves are set free.
● 1889 - The monarchy is overthrown by a military coup led by
Deodoro da Fonseca. A federal republic is established.
● 1891 - The First Republican Constitution is adopted.
● 1917 - Brazil joins World War I on the side of the Allies.
● 1930 - Getulio Vargas takes power after the Revolution of
1930. Christ the Redeemer Statue in Rio

● 1931 - Construction is finished

on the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio
de Janeiro
● 1937 - A new state is
established and Vargas becomes dictator.
● 1945 - Vargas is ousted by the
military.
● 1951 - Vargas is elected
president again.
● 1954 - The military demands
Vargas' resignation. He commits suicide.
● 1960 - The capital city is moved
to Brasilia.
● 1964 - The military takes control
of the government.

Rio de Janeiro
 ● 1977 - Pele retires from soccer as the all-time
league goal scorer and winner of three World Cups.
● 1985 - The military gives up governmental
power and democracy is restored.
● 1988 - A new constitution is adopted. The
powers of the president are reduced.
● 1989 - Fernando Collor de Mello becomes the
first president elected by the people since 1960.
● 1992 - The Earth Summit of the United Nations
is held in Rio de Janeiro.
● 1994 - The real is introduced as the official
currency of Brazil.

Fernando Collor de Mello

● 2000 - Brazil's 500th anniversary is held.

● 2002 - Lula da Silva is elected president. He is a very
popular president and leader among the working class of
the country.
● 2011 - Dilma Rousseff becomes president. She is the first
woman president of Brazil.

Dilma Rousseff
V. PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
Curitiba, Brazil, has been able to succeed in developing both its economy and social-system services
through widely implementing a sustainable development plan and design where it also invests in the local and
ecological. Curitiba has thrived as a safe, beautiful, and livable city because of creative urban design which attempts
to combine the city's social, economic, and environmental components. However, The Rapid of urban growth has
been developed a typical problems and societal issues that mere fact result a suffer of city and issues includes:

Mass Unemployment:

The metropolitan area of Curitiba is growing, whereas the outlying areas are seeing very minor
changes. Unemployment rates in the larger Curitiba metropolitan region were somewhat higher than the
national average (5.61%), where reasons are due to the area's huge immigrant inflows and job market
demands. Unemployment is linked to the number of years of schooling completed, with the highest rates
found in areas where people have completed 8 to 10 years of school.

Uncontrolled growth of squatter settlements.

The poorest populations were separated in low-density mass housing or unregulated informal
settlements, cut off from the city center's capillary network of amenities, while upper class people lived along
the city's main axes in dense and luxury condominiums.

When plots accessible for construction became increasingly limited, this constant growth resulted in rising
land values. As a result, the municipality is now confronted with an acute housing crisis, as seen by the
80.000 households now on COHAB waiting lists to get a house under federal programs.

Unorganized disposal of waste.

Unorganized rubbish disposal was a big issue in Curitiba, particularly in underprivileged districts.
Rather than just "band-aiding" the matter with more garbage cans, the city engaged its people to overcome
this urban challenge. By collecting segregated organic and inorganic garbage from residences up to three
times each week, the Waste That Is Not Garbage Program has significantly reduced waste going to landfills.
A public competition rewarded a private company with the franchise rights to the green trucks, which gather
organic waste in one bag and paper, cardboard, metal, plastic, and glass in another.
VI. SPECIFIC SITES
Botanical Garden

Opened on 1991, also called as “Jardim Botânico Fanchette Rischbietehe”. The greenhouse is
inspired after the Crystal Palace in London while the garden is inspired from a french royal garden like the
Versailles; designed by Abraão Assad. It is also used for the Museum of Franz Krajcberg, an
environmentalist, for the conservation of education. It is also used as a research facility for the reservation
and study of rainforest flora.

Ópera de Arame’ Opera House

Ópera de Arame means Wire Opera, is also a main tourist attraction in the Curtiba where it has a
2,400 capacity, it opened on March 18, 1992. It is included in the urban green park named Parque das
Pedreiras, near a former rock quarry, at the center of an artificial lake. One unique feature of this opera
house is that it is incorporated into the natural structure of the rocky mountains.
Oscar Niemeyer Museum

This museum is designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer himself where it has the gallery of his
works, completed in 2002. Its concept is very obvious with an eye connected balanced to a 60 feet pillar
over a calm reflecting pool., hence why it is also called the “Museum of the Eye”. Many other works of Oscar
Niemeyer are found in Brazil, this is one of his most recognized designs.
REFERENCES

Curitiba Population 2023. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/curitiba-population

Urban Ecologist. Retrieved from http://www.urbanecology.org/curitiba-visit-ecological-city/

InvestCuritiba. “Curitiba in Data”. Retrieved from

http://investcuritiba.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/CuritibaInData_InvestCuritiba_English.pdf

Eileen. (June 12, 2016). “Iconic Glass Structures: The Botanical Garden of Curitiba”. Retrieved from

https://glasspaint.com/iconic-glass-structures-the-botanical-garden-of-curitiba/

“Wire Opera House”, Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_Opera_House

Atimian. (June 22, 2011). “Museu Oscar Niemeyer”. Retrieved by https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/museu-oscar-niemeyer

Social Sustainability in Curitiba, Brazil by Leia Marasovich ’14 | Soka University of America.

www.soka.edu/student-life/20th-anniversary-anthology/creative-coexistence-nature-humanity/social-sustainability.

Weiner, Michael. “Lessons Learned During Summer Travels: BRT in Curitiba, Brazil | Blog Latest News.” Pioneer Institute, 20 Sept.

2016, pioneerinstitute.org/blog/lessons-learned-summer-travels-brt-curitiba-brazil.