Nombre: Matrícula:

Mayra Alejandra Meza Cárdenas #2907949

Nombre del curso: Immunology and Nombre del profesor: Lic. Estefania
nutrition Vela Eraña
Módulo: #2 Actividad: #7

Fecha: September 20, 2022

VITAMIN D
Vitamin D is known for its role in bone metabolism.
It is a vitamin (it is classified as such because it is found in some foods) that our body
can synthesize from cholesterol when our skin is exposed to sunlight.

Vitamin D helps maintain normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the

bloodstream. Current research has found that vitamin D levels can also influence a
wide range of health problems, including:

§ Cancer (breast, ovarian, colon, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, kidney,

endometrial, prostate)
§ Diabetes type 1
§ Osteoporosis
§ pregnancy complications
§ Multiple sclerosis
§ Cardiovascular diseases
§ Arterial hypertension
§ Asthma, among others

VITAMIN D AND HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS

Vitamin D deficiency is also implicated in Hashimoto's hypothyroidism, an
autoimmune condition that is caused by cells of the immune system causing the
death of hormone-producing thyroid cells. The disease often results in reduced
hormone production (hypothyroidism).

Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that specifically affects the thyroid

gland. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, just
below the "Adam's apple." The thyroid produces hormones that help regulate many
of the body's functions.
Symptoms:
§ Weight gain
§ Constipation
§ Hair loss
§ brain fog
§ Need to sleep excessively in order to
lead a normal life
§ High cholesterol
§ Sterility
§ joint pain

The Vitamin D Society suggests that a value between 40-60 ng/ml or 100-150
nmol/L (depending on the laboratory) is the ideal level to aim for. The importance
of an optimal level of vitamin D is even greater in people with hypothyroidism,
autoimmune diseases in general, and specifically of the thyroid, such as
Hashimoto or Graves.

Recent evidence has shown an association between low vitamin D and

autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

This disease is characterized by an increase in the volume of the thyroid gland

(diffuse goiter), the presence of antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and/or
antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) in the blood. Depending on the degree of
thyroid hypofunction, there may be infiltration of B and T lymphocytes, which
induce the production of antibodies to bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is very common in patients with autoimmune thyroid

diseases. The deficiency of this vitamin is related to several factors:

§ Intestinal malabsorption
§ Low sun exposure due to skin damage, photosensitivity and/or low outdoor
activity
 § Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids (prednisone, betamethasone, etc).

Each 5 ng/mL increase

High levels of 25(OH)D in 25-hydroxyvitamin D
are associated with low reduces the chances of
levels of thyroid- being diagnosed with
stimulating hormone.4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis
by 19%

VD inhibits the
VD helps reduce the proliferation of defense
levels of antibodies cells that exacerbate
against thyroglobulin, a the inflammatory
protein necessary for response and the
the synthesis of thyroid production of
hormones.4 inflammatory
molecules.3

Bibliography:
§ Enfermedad de Hashimoto - Síntomas y causas - Mayo Clinic. (2022, 5
marzo). Recuperado 20 de septiembre de 2022, de
https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/hashimotos-
disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351855
§ Jamka M, Ruchała M, Walkowiak J. Witamina D a choroba Hashimoto
[Vitamin D and Hashimoto's disease]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2019 Sep
25;47(279):111-113. Polish. PMID: 31557141.
§ Comunicación TIROIDES | Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición |
Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición. (s. f.). Recuperado 21 de septiembre
de 2022, de https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-endocrinologia-diabetes-
nutricion-13-congresos-62-congreso-nacional-sociedad-espanola-137-
sesion-tiroides-6469-comunicacion-deficit-de-vitamina-d-en-77724
§ Chahardoli R, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Amouzegar A, Khalili D, Vakili AZ, Azizi
F. Can supplementation with vitamin D modify thyroid autoantibodies (Anti-
TPO Ab, Anti-Tg Ab) and thyroid profile (T3, T4, TSH) in Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis? A double blind, randomized clinical trail. Horm Metab Res 2019
May;51(5):296-301.
§ Gallo D, Mortara L, Gariboldi MB, Cattaneo SAm, Rosetti S, Gentile L,
Noonan DM, Premoli P, Cosini C, Tanda ML, Bartalena L, Piantanida E.
Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D and its potential role in the prevention
and treatment of thyroid autoimmunity: a narrative review. J Endocrinol
Invest 2020 Apr;43(4):413-429.