LG 2.

4
SELECTED PLANT
DISEASES
DECEMBER 5/6, 2022
PART 1
 OUTLINE OBJECTIVES
 Plant diseases signs and  differentiate signs from
symptoms symptoms in plant disease
 Plant disease triangle diagnosis
 Passive and active  identify common plant
response disease symptoms caused
by different pathogens
 WHAT IS A DISEASE?
 a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant,
especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects
a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

University of Minnesota, 2022

HUMAN: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

 Fever
 Headache
 Rashes
 Hypertension

CDC, 2021
 HUMAN SIGNS

 observable phenomenon that

can be identified by another
person (detected by a
physician, nurse, or medical
device)
 often can be measured, and
this measurement can be
central to diagnosis

Macon, 2019
 HUMAN DISEASE SIGNS
 Diagnostic signs: A sign that helps a doctor to diagnose a medical
problem.
 Pathognomonic signs: A sign that a doctor can link to a condition with
almost full certainty.
 Prognostic signs: Signs that point to the future. Rather than indicating
the nature of the disease, they predict the outcome for the patient, such as
what is likely to happen to them and how severe the disease will probably
be.
 Anamnestic signs: A sign that serves as an indicator of a past medical
condition.
 HUMAN DISEASE SYMPTOMS
 A symptom is the subjective experience of a potential health issue, which
cannot be observed by a doctor.

 Remitting symptoms: When symptoms improve or resolve completely,

they are known as remitting symptoms.
 Chronic symptoms: These are long-lasting or recurrent symptoms.
 Relapsing symptoms: These are symptoms that have occurred in the
past, resolved, and then returned.
Miller, 2022

PLANT: SIGNS AND

SYMPTOMS
 PLANT SIGNS
 A sign of plant disease is
physical evidence of the
pathogen.
 Bacterial canker
 Powdery mildew
Pscheidt, 2007; Nelson, n. d., Townsend, n. d.

 Aphids
 PLANT DISEASE SYMPTOMS

 A symptom of plant disease is

a visible effect of disease on
the plant.
 It may include a detectable
change in color, shape, or
function of the plant as it
responds to the pathogen.
 Chlorosis
 Necrotic lesions (anthracnose)
 Wilting
Munster, 2018
 PLANT DISEASE SYMPTOMS
 Galls  masses of undifferentiated growth; usually on stems or
woody tissue (branches) but can be on roots

Munster, 2018
SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY VIRUSES

Dwarfing Ringspots Mosaic

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY FUNGI
SYMPTOMS
SIGNS
 Birds-eye spot
 Leaf rust  Puccinia sorghi
 Damping off of seedlings 
 Stem rust (wheat stem rust) 
Phytophthora
Puccinia graminis
 Leaf brown spots
 White molds  Sclerotinia sp.
 Chlorosis
 AA2: Plant Disease Walk
 Familiarize yourself with the signs and symptoms of plant
diseases.
 Go outside and begin walking around, whether in your backyard or
a field.
 As you observe plants, list 10 signs and symptoms you examined.
You may include the different fruits and vegetables brought from
the market, which are available at your table/home.
 Take pictures throughout the exercise and accomplish the given
template.
 Scoring guide: 1 point for the picture, 1 point for the correct
sign/symptom.
 Deadline: January 9, 2023
 ANNOUNCEMENTS

 FA2: Quiz on LG 2.2 and 2.3 is on Wednesday,

December 7.
 AA1 should be submitted until December 22, 2022.
 LT1 is rescheduled on January 4, 2023.
 REFERENCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Dengue. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/index.html
Harden, G. (2020). Ask an expert – iron chlorosis: symptoms, causes, and solutions. Utah State University.
https://www.usu.edu/today/story/ask-an-expert---iron-chlorosis-symptoms-causes-and-solutions
Macon, B. L. (2019). What you need to know about goiter. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/goiter-simple
McNeal, A. S., Belote, R. L., Zeng, H., Urquijo, M., Barker, K., Torres, R., Curtin, M., Shain, A. H., Andtbacka, R. H., Holmen, S., Lum,
D. H., McCalmont, T. H., VanBrocklin, M. W., Grossman, D., Wei, M. L., Lang, U. E., & Judson-Torres, R. L. (2021). BRAFV600E
induces reversible mitotic arrest in human melanocytes via microRNA-mediated suppression of AURKB. ELife, 10, e70385.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70385
Miller, L. (2022). 10 common plant diseases (and how to treat them). Family Handyman. https://www.familyhandyman.com/list/most-
common-plant-diseases/
Munster, M. (2018). Diseases, Chapter 5. In: K.A. Moore, and L.K. Bradley (eds). North Carolina Extension Gardener Handbook. NC
State Extension, Raleigh, NC. http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/5-diseases-and-disorders
Nelson, S. (n. d.). Avoiding and treating powdery mildew. Nature and Garden. https://www.nature-and-
garden.com/gardening/powdery-mildew-leaf-treatment.html
Pscheidt, J. W. (2007). Gumming due to bacterial canker on either side and in the middle of a score mark meant to manage the
disease [Picture]. Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbook. https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/host-disease/cherry-
prunus-spp-bacterial-canker
Townsend, L. (n. d.). Aphids. Entomology at the University of Kentucky. https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/ef103
University of Minnesota. (2022). What’s wrong with my plant? University of Minnesota Extension.
https://apps.extension.umn.edu/garden/diagnose/plant/deciduous/serviceberry/spotsorblotches.html