Mahi

METTU UNIVESRSITY
BEDELE CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF NATURAL RESOURSE AND AGRICULTURAL

ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ECOTOURISM AND BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
TITLE FOREST POLICY AND STRATEGY IMPORTANCE FOR WILD
LIFE PROTECTION
SUBMITTED TO DEPARTEMENT OF FORESTRY
PREPARED BY MAHLET GAREDEW
ID NO: 4560
ADVISOR: NIGATU(MSc)
JUNE,2022G.C
BEDELE,ETHIOPIA
Table of contents
1.Definition of forest policy……………………….1
2.Why are forests important……………………….2
2.1. Supports Ecosystems and Habitats ………….. 2
2.2. Protects Watershed Areas………………………3
2.3. Supports Biodiversity…………………………...3
2.4. Purifies the Air…………………………………..3
2.5. Stabilize Climate…………………………………3
2.6. Enrich the Soil……………………………………4
2.7. Regulates the Water Cycle………………………4
2.8. Medicinal Value…………………………………..4
2.9. Economic Significance……………………………4
1. Forest policy and strategy importance for wild life protection?
2. . Importance of forests
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DEFINITIONS: Forest Policy could be defined as a plan of actions designed to indicate
what proportions nation’s land area should be allocated or allotted. How the areas so
dedicated are to be developed and how the products are utilized to the maximum benefit
of the public simply put, forest policy could be considered as consisting of those
principles which govern the actions of the people with respect to forest reserves. The
forest policy is important for the following reasons: The long period of growth of timber
requires continuity of management even beyond life span of a man. Timber and most
forest resources are renewable. Appropriate management policy is adopted in ensuring
that they are kept at high level yield and productivity. The influence of the forest is far
beyond the piece of land on which it is located. Hence a policy must be adopted in which
could prevent the wanton destruction of the forest if the public is to enjoy to the fullest
the benefits of the goods and services derived from the forest. There are many competing
land users. A policy is therefore needed to reduce the conflict amongst these users. A
forest policy is adopted to avoid scarcity of forest resources and to prevent abuse of forest
land. The forest policy provides avenue far the chief conservator of forests to
constructively argue his case out without political prejudice or misappropriation.
In making forest policy, the following factors must be considered:
(1) Type of soil
(2) Climatic factors
(3) The desirable spp.
(4) Growth rate of spp.
(5) Silvicultural characteristics
(6) Human population and growth rate
(7) Pattern of wood consumption
(8) Import & Export Possibilities
(9) Technical Advancement
(10) Economic development programmed.
Hence the formulation of forest policy should be an interdisciplinary effort. This is
because it could require the contribution of an economist, the forest managers, the town
planners, silviculture, forest pathologists to mention just a few. The forest policy
therefore contains either the national or state forestry objectives and goals. Amongst
those which are for example the Nigerian policy covers include: Consolidation of forest
estate. Protection of soil through forest vegetation. Protection from forest fire.
Conservation and improvement of water supply through the presence of forest and the
management of such forests. Keep the survey and inventory of forest resources up to
date. Planting and improvement of poorly stocked land e.g. Marginal Land. Multiple use
of forest land. Establishment of integrated wood-based industries rather than stopping at
forest product processing enterprises. Exploitation of high-quality manufacture – forest
products. The adoption of the forest policy is the constitutional duty of the legislature
which means that the formulation and preparation of forest policy is done by executive
house of the government based on the advice made by the forestry services. Once passed
and adopted and accepted by the government it becomes a law. You have to note that the
forestry services is the originator of a forest policy, advises the government on the
content of forest policy and executes the forest policy.
2.Why are Forests Important?
Forests are our land’s trees and plants that cover a third of the earth’s surface symbolized by the
color green in the common definition of environmentalism. There are many reasons why forests
are an important feature for the environment and in our daily lives. They are fundamental life
forms and provide for the continuity of the world’s biodiversity which is necessary for economic
development, diversity of life forms, human livelihood, and environmental adaptive responses.
Forests are mainly important because they stabilize climate, regulate the water cycle, and
provides habitat to thousands of life forms. Below are the leading reasons signifying the
importance of forest.
2.1 Supports Ecosystems and Habitats

Forests are habitats to millions of animals and support numerous ecosystems. About 90% of all
earth’s species live in forests. Animals such as lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, alligators,
insects, birds, butterflies and monkeys among other wild animals such as lions and leopards all
live in the forests or within the rivers and streams in forest areas.
Therefore, these animals form their food chains in the forests by interacting with each other in
their respective physical environments which creates an ecosystem. Healthy ecosystems are
critical for the flourishing of the animal lives. Additionally, millions of indigenous people still
live in the forests and depend on them for survival.
2.2 Protects Watershed Areas

Forests act as watershed regions since, approximately all the water merely comes from forest-
derived water tables and from within the rivers, lakes, and streams in forest areas. Streams and
rivers running through forests are protected from sun’s radiation and drying by the forest cover.
The Amazon, for instance, provides one of the largest watersheds and river systems in the world.
Many other forest areas around the globe also serve as significant watershed areas.
2.3 Supports Biodiversity

Forests serve as reserves for the genes of biodiversity. This is because forests carry about 90% of
all the earth’s species, both plants and animals, thereby making up a diversity of plant and animal
life forms in the various forest habitats. Forests also support biodiversity by offering enabling
environments where different plants and animals can easily thrive. Forests also support the life of
some of the world’s endangered species.
2.4 Purifies the Air

Forests play an important role in the purification of the atmospheric air. During the day, trees and
plants absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and give out oxygen. As such, they help in the
purification of the air that we breathe. Forests thus serve as an instrumental tool for reducing the
amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses in the environment which are responsible
for global warming.
2.5 Stabilize Climate

Forests serve as climate stabilizers since trees and plants regulate atmospheric temperatures
through evapotranspiration and proving environmental breeze. In urban settings, for instance, the
presence of trees can reduce the dependence of air conditioners. Large forests regulate regional
temperatures by absorbing the sun’s radiant heat and promote rainfall as well as cool climate as
an effect of evapotranspiration.
2.6 Enrich the Soil

Plants and trees help to recycle the soil nutrients through the shedding of leaves and small
branches. The plant and tree roots also break the soils in finer particles and encourage water
infiltration into the soil. The roots also absorb some water from surface runoff and reduce the
speed of flow, minimizing soil erosion which normally degrades the fertility of the soil.
2.7 Regulates the Water Cycle
Forests also regulate the natural cycle of water evaporation and subsequent condensation and
precipitation as rain. Forests make this possible by absorbing and redistributing rainwater pretty
equally across the entire geographical coverage, which is mostly termed as water economy.
Forests also absorb considerable amounts of water from runoff and pass it down into the
aquifers, replenishing groundwater supplies.
2.8 Medicinal Value

Forests are highly linked to medicinal research and pharmaceutical breakthroughs due to their
extensive plant life and animal life forms. A large percentage of the drugs used for diverse
medical treatments are extracted from the plants and animals that live in the forests. Forests are
comprised of numerous and incredible cures including the drugs used to relieve the effects of
cancers.
2.9 Economic Significance

Forests are of vast economic benefits to us. For instance, plantation forests provide humans with
wood and timber, which is used in construction and as raw materials for numerous products.
Also, whenever tourists visit the forest areas to view the beautiful sceneries alongside the
wildlife forms inhabiting the forests, the hosting nations and communities get revenue from
tourism. Forests are also a source to rare animals like wild rabbits, and foods or vegetables such
as berries, tubers, and edible mushrooms that grow on the fore
REFERENCE
FAO. 1987. Guidelines for forest policy formulation.
FAO. 2001. Understanding national forest programmes – guidance for practitioners.
FAO. 2008. Influencing policy processes – lessons from experiences, by M. Maetz & J.
Balié.
FAO Policy Assistance Series.
FAO. 2009. Enhancing stakeholder participation in national forest programmes – tools

for practitioners.

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METTU UNIVESRSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL RESOURSE AND AGRICULTURAL

SUBMITTED TO DEPARTEMENT OF FORESTRY

PREPARED BY MAHLET GAREDEW

2.Why are Forests Important?

2.1 Supports Ecosystems and Habitats

2.2 Protects Watershed Areas

2.3 Supports Biodiversity

2.4 Purifies the Air

2.5 Stabilize Climate

2.6 Enrich the Soil

2.8 Medicinal Value

2.9 Economic Significance

FAO. 1987. Guidelines for forest policy formulation.

FAO. 2001. Understanding national forest programmes – guidance for practitioners.

FAO Policy Assistance Series.

FAO. 2009. Enhancing stakeholder participation in national forest programmes – tools

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