The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a

constitutional monarchy. It means that the monarch reigns but

does not rule. Britain does not have a written constitution, but a
set of laws and conventions.
The British Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch,
the House of Lords; and the House of Commons. In reality the
House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true
power. The monarch serves formally as head of state.
Nevertheless, the monarch still performs some important duties
including opening and dissolving Parliament, signing bills passed
by both Houses and fulfilling international duties as head of state.
But the monarch is expected to be politically neutral and should
not make political decisions. The current monarch is King
Charles III.
The House of Commons consists of 650 elected Members of
Parliament . They are elected by secret ballot. General elections
are held every five years.
There are few political parties in Britain. The main ones are:
the Conservative Party (its nickname is "the Tories", the party
that from the 19th century supported the King), the Liberal Party
("the Whigs", who from the 19th century supported the
Parliament), the Labour Party (it was founded in 1900), the
Social Democratic Party (the alliance of two parties was made in
1988), and others. Each political party puts up one candidate.
The party which wins the majority of seats in the House of
Commons forms the government and its leader usually becomes
Prime Minister. The second largest party forms the official
Opposition, with its own leader and "shadow cabinet". The
Opposition has a duty to criticize government and to present an
alternative programme.

The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker. The

Speaker is appointed by the Government. The House of Lords
comprises about 1,200 peers, although only about 250 take an
active part in the work in the house. The House of Lords has no
real power. It acts rather as an advisory council. The chairman of
the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor. And he sits on a
special seat.

It's in the House of Commons that new bills are introduced and
debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill, it
goes to the House of Lords to be debated. The House of Lords
has the right to reject a new bill twice. But after two rejections
they are obliged to accept it. And finally a bill goes to the
monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes law.
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