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J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 4(2): 299-304, 2006 ISSN 1810-3030
Short Communication
Incidence of goat diseases in the selected area of Dhaka and
Mymensingh districts
S.A. Sardar*, M.A. Samad —, M.A. Ehsanl and A.K.M.11/1. Anower***
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
:central Veterinary Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka
Department of Microbiology, Barisal Govt. Veterinary College, Barisal

Abstract
Records of 10815 clinical cases of goats collected from the 4 Upazilla Veterinary Hospital (Trishal,
Muktagacha, Savar, and Dhamrai Upazilla Veterinary Hospital) and Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH),
Dhaka during one year period from January 2004 to December 2004 were analyzed. Diagnosis of each
of the clinical case was made on history obtained from the owner, clinical examination of the patients
and the laboratory examination of the samples. Among goats, females (n=7006; 64.79%) constituted
highest (n=7006;64.79%)in comparison to males(n=3809;35.21%). Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasitic
infestation (n=1413; 13.07%), PPR (n=1405; 12.99%), pyrexia syndrome (n=1071; 9.90%), diarrhoeal
diseases (n=1016; 9.39%) and pneumonia (n=992; 9.17%) were recorded as major clinical problems in
goats. All the animals were subjected into 3 age groups i.e. 0 — 6 months, 7 — 12 months and above 12
months of age and the later age group constituted highest (n=4721; 43.65%). The overall prevalence
rates of diseases and disorders in goats were found to be higher during winter (29.58%) and summer
(26.71%) in comparison to autumn (20.68%) and spring (23.03%) months.

Keywords: Incidence, Goat diseases, PPR, Diarrhoea! diseases

Introduction
Livestock is an important component of the mixed farming system practiced in Bangladesh
for centuries. There are about 23.40 million cattle, 0.85 million buffaloes, 33.55 million goats
and 1.16 million sheep in Bangladesh constitute the major portion of livestock (Anon., 2001).
The goat (Capra hircus) is one of the domesticated small ruminants, recognized as pox
men's friend in Bangladesh.. It plays a vital role in promoting both the health and wealth of
the nation. It provides the principal dietary animal protein- in the form of meat and milk to
improve the national health. On the other hand, substantial amount of foreign exchange is
earned from exported skin and by-products. Goat is the second most important livestock.of
farmers in Bangladesh. Goat has served mankind earlier and longer than cattle and sheep.
The black Bengal breed (BB) is the indigenous predominant breed of goats in Bangladesh
due to its high prolificacy, tender meat and soft skin, it coat color being black and some are
mostly black with some white patches that is why it is called Black Bengal goat.

The mortality of goats is one of the major problems confronting goat rearing in Bangladesh.
Live other livestock; goat is also susceptible to various diseases or disease conditions
causing debility and mortality, which lead to huge economic loss. The major problem of goat
rearing is low kid survivality (70%) due to malnutrition and diseases. -In Bangladesh, the
common diseases, which affect the young or adult goats causing death, are parasitisr.1,
urolithiasis, and infectious diseases like PPR, Goat -pox, Enterotoxaemia, and Pneumonia
etc diseases are the major constraints of goat production iri'Bangladesh. Death in all groups
is 20% and :oss is estimated at TK. 560 cores. This high rate of mortality happened due to
non-availability of appropriate disease controlling -system in Bangladesh. Although some
reports on the analysis of clinical case records of cattle from BAU Veterinary Clinic (Rahman
et aL, 1972; Hossain et aL,1986; Das and Hasim, 1996), Haluaghat Upazila Veterinary
300 Incidence of goat diseases

Hopital, Mymensingh (Sarker et al., 1999) and Dairy Cooperatives in Pabna district (Pharo,
1987) are available but similar report on buffaloes (Sarker et al., 1999) and goats (Rahman
et al., 1976) are very, limited. Further information on goat diseases is required fof the
provision of appropriate veterinary clinical services, disease control and animal production.
Therefore, an attempt has been conducted to find out the incidence, the seasonal variation
and the influence of age on goat diseases and disorders.

Materials and Methods

The research work was carried out at 4 Upazilla Veterinary Hospitals (Trisha!, Muktagacha,
Savar, and Dhamrai Upazilla Veterinary Hospitals) and Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH),
Dhaka for a period of one-year form January 2004 to December 2004.

All the sick animals brought for treatment to the 4 Upazilla Veterinary Hospital (Trishal,
Muktagacha, Savar, and Dhamrai Upazilla Veterinary Hospital) and Central Veterinary
Hospital (CVH), Dhaka, were first registered in the patient registered book. The description Jf
each registered animal and owners complaint recorded. In addition to the registered patients
of the Upazilla Veterinary Hospital and Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka, cases
treated at the different owners houses and farms in the research area were also included in
this study.

The age of each sick animal was determined by asking the owner and or by dentations. A
total of 10815 goats were available during the one-year period and the general clinical
Examination were conducted on the basis of disease history and owner's complaint.
Materials considered significant for diagnostic purposes were collected and examined at the
local Upazilla Veterinary Hospital and Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka or brought to
the CD IL, Dhaka for examination. Final diagnosis was made on the basis of the interpretation
of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory findings.

The data were analyzed on the basis of age of the animals and seasons. The year was
arbitrarily divided into Spring (February to April), Summer (May to July), Autumn (August to
October) and Winter (November to January) seasons and the animals were subjected into 3
age groups i.e. 0 — 6 months, 7 — 12 months and above 12 months of age. Keeping in view
the objectives, statistical analyses were done as deemed necessary.

Results and Discussion

Clinical and laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the general clinical
prevalence of diseases and disorders in goats at the Upazilla Veterinary Hospital and Central
Veterinary Hospital, Dhaka during one year period from January 2004 to December 2004
In total 27 major diseases and disorders were recorded among 10815 goats examined during
one-year period and prevalence of goat diseases according to their sex was calculated and
has been summarized in the Table- I. The highest prevalence was recorded for five diseast.s
and disorders namely G.I. parasitic diseases as group (13.0%), PPR (12.99%), Pyrexia
syndrome (9.90%), Diarrhoea! diseases (9.39%) and pneumonia (9.17%), The next higher
prevalence rates were found for Enterotoxaemia 5.61%, Bronchitis 5.15%, Indigestion 4.56%,
Corneal opacity 4.10%, and Conjunctivitis 3.24%, For other diseases the prevalence rates
were less then 1% (Table-I). Among male goats highest prevalence rates were noted for G.I.
parasitic diseases (5.41%) followed by PPR (4.87%), Pyrexia syndrome (4.26%), Diarrhoea!
diseases (3.95%) and Pneumonia (3.42%). In female goats the higher prevalence rates were
Sardar et al. 301

noted for PPR (8.11%) folowed by G.1. parasitic diseases (7.65%), Pneumonia (5.75%),
Pyrexia syndrome (5.65%), Diarrhoea! diseases (5.44%), Enterotoxaemia (4.11%), Bronchitis
(3.75%), Corneal opacity (3.27%) and mastitis (2.77%). However, the overall prevalence
rates of diseases and disorders in goats were noted higher in female (64.79%) than male
(35.21%).

The Clinical prevalence of diseases and disorders recorded during one-year period in goats
were analyzed on the basis of season and the results are presented on Table 1. From the
results of the Table 1, it is evident that all the diseases and disorders except rabies recorded
in goats were found in all the four seasons of the year. But some seasonal influence was
observed on the prevalence of pyrexia syndrome, pneumonia, Diarrhoeal diseases G.1.
parasitic diseases, Mastitis, PPR and FMD (Table 1). However the overall prevalence rates of
diseases and disorders in goats were found to be higher during winter (29.58%) and summer
(26.71%) in comparison to autumn (20.68%) and spring (23.03%) months (Table 1).
Table 1. Clinical prevalence of identified diseases and disorders in Goats according
to sex, season and age at Upazilla Veterinary Hospital (Savar, Dhamrai,
Thrishal and Muktagacha) and Central Veterinary Hospital, Dhaka during
January 2004 to December 2004
Diseases/ Sex- wise distribution Season - wise distribution Age - wise Distribution(month)
Disorders Male Female Summer Autumn Winter Spring 0-6 7-12 > 12
No(%) No((Y.) Nos.(%) Nos.(%) Nos.(%) Nos.(%) No.(%) No.(`)/0) No. (°/0)
Fever 461(426) 610(5.64) 193(1.78) 123(1.14) 518(4.79) 237(2.19) 241(223) 369(3.41) 461(426)
Pneumonia • 370(3.42) 622(5.75) 110(1.02) 165(1.53) 391(3.62) 326(3.01) 411(3.80) 340(3.14) 241(2.23)
DD 427(3.95) 589(5.45) 300(2.77) 394(3.64) 142(1.31) 180(1.66) 218(2.02) 404(3.74) 394(3.64)
Gid Disease 61(0.56) 70(0.65) 54(0.50) 26(0.24) 3900.36 12(0.11) 0(0.00) 29(0.27) 102(0.94)
Enterotoxemia 163(1.51) 444(4.11) 208(1.92) 103(0.95) 195(1.80) 101(0.93) 52(0.48) 184(1.70) 371(3.43',
PI 585(5.41) 828(7.66) 585(5.41) 359(3.32 226(2.09) 243(225)424 3.92 634 5.86 355(328)
Tetanus 8(0.07)65 0.60 12 0.11 16 0.15 17 0.16 28(0.26) 42 0.39 22 0.20 9(0.08)
Irjslgestion 182(1.68) 312(2.88) 90(0.83) 67(0.62) 114(1.05) 223(2.06) 84(0.78) 166(1.53) 244(226)
UT Infection 30(028) 103(0.95) 53(0.49) -22(0.20) 30(0.28) 28(0.26) 0(0.00) 32(0.30) 101(0.93)
Mastitis 0(0.00) 300(2.77) 39(0.36) 87(0.80) 144(1.33) 30(0.28) 0(0.00) 68(0.63) 232(2.15)
_Dystocia 0(0.00) 167(1.54) 23(021) 27(0.25) 84(0.78) 33(0.31) 0(0.00) 83(0.77) 84(0.78)
Conjunctivitis 193(1.78) 158(1.46) 123(1.14) 75(0.69) 109(1.01) 4400.41 34 0.31 143(1.32) 174(1.61)
CO 69(0.82) 354(327) 164(1.52) 82(0.76) 127(1.17) 70(0.65) 0(0.00) 108(1.00) 335(3.10)
PP 11(0.10) 25(0.23) 9(0.08) 2(0.02) 19(0.18) 6(0.06) 5(0.05) 11(0.10) 20(0.18)
Foot Rot 68(0.63) 134(1.24) 66(0.61) 33(0.31) 11(0.10) 92(0.85) 15(0.14) 47(0.43) 140(129)
Mange 93(0.86) 161(1.49) 33(0.31) 54(0.50) 71(0.66) 9600.89 18(0.17) 107(0.99) 129(1.19)
Dermatitis 171(1.58) 132(122) 65(0.60) 21(0.19) 121(1.12) 96(0.89) 0(0.00) 132(122) 171(1.58)
Abscess 43(0.40) 100(0.92) 70(0.65) 22(0.20) 31(0.29) 20(0.18) 38(0.35) 44(0.41) 61(0.56)_
Bronchitis 151(1.40) 406(3.75) 68(0.63) 35(0.32) 263(2.43) 191(1.77) 198(1.83) 201(1.86) 158(1.46)
PPR 52704.87 878(8.12) 495(4.58) 420(3.88) 310(2.87) 180(1.66) 315(2.91) 51,1(4.85) 566(523'
Bloat 134(124) 153(1.41) 51(0.47) 41(0.38) 9000.83 105(0.97) 66(0.61) 92(0.85) 129(1.19L
Cataract . 10(0.09) 19(0.18) 8(0.07) 6(0.06) 11(0.10) 4(0.04) 4(0.04)12 0.11 13(0.12L
FMD 17(0.16) 107(0.99) 15(0.14) 3(0.03) 31(029) 75(0.69) 14(0.13) 43(0.40) 67(0.62)
PT 0(0.00) 25(023) 6(0.06) 4(0.04) 11(0.10) 4(0.04) 0(0.00) 6(0.06) 19(0.18)
Rheumatism 3(0.03) 76(0.70) 25(023) 15(0.14) 20(0.18) 19(0.18) 3(0.03) 31(0.29) 45(0.42)
RP 0(0.00) 156(1.44) 15(0.14) 21(0.19) 74(0.68) 46(0.43) 0(0.00) 64(0.59) 92(0.85)
Rabies 12(0.11) 12(0.11) 9(0.08) 14(0.13) 0.00(0.00) 1(0.01) 4(0.04) 12(0.11) 0(0.00)
Overall 3809 7006 2889 2237 3199 2490 2186 3908 4721
(35.21) (64.79) (26.71) .(20.68) (29.58) (23.03) (20.21) (36.14) (43.65)
PI-Parasitic Infection; CO- Corneal Opacity; PP-Posterior Paralysis; UT-Urinary Tract; PT-Pregnancy
Toxemia; RP-Retained Placenta
 302 Incidence of goat diseases
Age specific prevalence was calculated for each disease and disorders and the findings were
summarized in Table 3. The overall prevalence of diseases and disorders in goats were
found higher in the age group above 12 months of age (43.65%) followed by 7-12 months of
age (36.14%) and 0-6 months of age (20.21%) (Table 1). In all age group 0.1. parasitic
diseases, Diarrhoeal diseases and PPR had commonly higher prevalence in the population.
PPR was higher prevalence in adult -goats group above 12 months and Pneumonia was
higher prevalence in the age group 0-6 months. G.I. parasitic diseases were highest
prevalence in the age group 7-12 months.

Fever: Goat had rectal temperature ?_ 104° F were diagnosed as fever (Radostits et aL,
2000). Analysis of the clinical cases revealed that 1071 (9.90%) goats were affected with
fever of unknown etiology. The finding of caprine fever supports the earlier report of Hogue,
M. S. and Samad, M. A.(1997) who reported 10.37% fever cases in goats. The fever cases
in goats were recorded in all age groups and seasons of the years (Table 1 to 3). Females
were more susceptible to pyrexia syndrome than males.

Pneumonia: Pneumonia was recorded in 9.17% goats. The etiological agents of pneumonia
could not be identified in this general clinical investigation. However Rhaman et al (1990)
identified population mortality rate due to pneumonia in goats 18.45%. The highest
prevalence rate of pneumonia was recorded during Winter (3.62%), followed by Spring
(3.01%), Autumn (1.53%) and lowest during Summer (1.02%) months. 0-6 months age group
goats were more affected with pneumonia than 7-12 months and above 12 months age
group. Ali et al observed an over all 2.77% respiratory diseases in goats on pathological
investigation.

Diarrhoea! Diseases: Diarrhoeal diseases were recorded in 9.39% (1016) goats. Hague
(1996) found that 12.23% goats were affected with diarrhoeal diseases at Central Veterinary
Hospital. The highest prevalence rate of diarrhoeal diseases were recorded during Autumn
(3.64%), followed by Summer (2.77%), Spring (1.66%) and lowest during Winter (1.31%)
months. On the other hand the prevalence rates in female goats (5.45%) were greater than
male (3.95). Age variation was not remarkable.

Gid Disease: Gid disease was recorded 1.21% (131) goats but this result differs from the
earlier reports of Ahmed and Ali (1972) and Hossain et aL(1986) who reported 7.3%
and
7.6% respectively.

Enterotoxaemia: Enterotoxaemia was recorded in 5.61% goats which had highest

prevalence rate during Summer (1.92%)followed by Winter (1.80%), Autumn (0.95%), Spring
(0.93%) months. Prevalence of Enterotoxaemia according to age, highest prevalence was
found at above 12 months group (3.43%), followed 7-12 months age group (1.70%) and
0-6
months age group (0.48%). Females were more affected than male. Rahman et a/.
(1990)
stated that occurrence of enterotoxaemia was endemic and sporadic, adult and
healthy
animals were most affected.

G.I. Parasitic diseases: 0.1. Parasitic diseases were recorded in 13.07% (1413) goats
of the
research area. The highest incidence rate of gastrointestinal parasitic
diseases were
recorded during summer (5.41%) followed by autumn (3.32%), spring (2.25%)
and winter
(2.09%) months. The highest prevalence was recorded at 7-12 months age
group (5.86%)
and lowest at above 12 months age group (3.28%).
 Sardar et al. 303
Indigestion: Indigestion was recorded in 4.57% (494) goats of this research area. The
highest prevalence rate of indigestion was recorded during spring (2.06%) followed by winter
(1.05%), summer (0.83%) and lowest in autumn (0.62°/0).Although the indigestion is a
common occurrence of clinical syndrome in ruminants but it has only been reported in cattle
from Bangladesh (Samad, 2000).

Uterine Tract infection: Uterine Tract infection was recorded in 1.23% (133) goats of this
research area. The prevalence rate of Uterine Tract infection was recorded at age group
above 12 months (0.93%) and in female (0.95%). The seasonal prevalence rate variation was
insignificant.

Mastitis: Mastitis was recorded in 300 (2.77%) goats during this one-year period. Hogue and
Samad (1997) stated that 10.14% mastitis cases in goats in the central Veterinary Hospital,
Dhaka out of 1243 clinical cases. The highest prevalence rate was found during winter
(1.33%) followed by autumn (0.80%), Summer (0.36%) and spring (0.28%). Hogue (1996)
found prevalence of mastitis 3.78%, 3.06%, 1.85% and 1.45% in the winter, spring, summer
and autumn seasons respectively.

Dystocia: Dystocia was recorded in 167 (1.54%) goats during this one-year period. There
was no age variation. The highest prevalence rate was found during winter (0.78%) followed
by Spring (0.31%), Autumn (0.25%) and Summer (0.21%).

Conjunctivitis: Conjunctivitis was recorded in 351 (3.25%) goats. The seasonal prevalence
rate of Conjunctivitis was 1.14%, 0.69%, 1.01% and 0.41% during summer, autumn, winter
and spring respectively.
Corneal opacity: Corneal opacity was found in 443(4.10%) goats.
Foot rot: Foot rot was recorded in 202 (1.87%) goats. The highest prevalence rate was
found during spring (0.85%) followed by Summer (0.61%), Autumn (0.31%) and winter
(0.10%).
Mange: Mange was recorded in 2.35% (254) goats. Rahman et .91.(1978) has reported
psoroptic mange in goats in Bangladesh.
Dermatitis: Dermatitis was recorded in 2.80% (303) goats. Rashid et a/. (1996) studied 307
goats, 57 (18.6%) goats were found to be affected with clinical dermatomycosis. The
Prevalence of dermatomycosis recorded in goats (18.6%) much higher than that of earlier
reports in goats (3.0%) from Bangladesh. Nooruddin and Dey (1990) observed 28.8% of
5771 goats were found to be affected with skin diseases. In goats antero-ventral sternal
alopecia (4.8%) trombiculid mite infestation (5.0%), Chorioptosis (3.5%), Sarcoptosis (1.0%),
tick infestation or dermatitis (1.8%, lice infestation ( 4.3%), dermatophilosis (3.4%),
dermatophylosis (3.0%), contagious ecthyma (1.3%), Seborrheasicca (3.6%), and pox
(0.6%), were common problems.
Abscess: Abscess was recorded in 1.32% (143) goats.. The highest prevalence rate of
abscess in goats were found during summer (0.65%) followed by winter (0.29%), autumn
(0.20%) and spring (0.18%).
Bronchitis: Bronchitis was recorded in 5.15% (557) goats. The highest prevalence rate of
Bronchitis in goats were recorded during winter (2.43%) followed by spring (1.77%), summer
(0.63%) and lowest in autumn (0.32%). The prevalence rate of Bronchitis according to age
was not significantly variable.
304 Incidence of goat diseases

PPR: PPR was recorded in 12.99% (1405) goats. PPR reported in Mymensingh by Islam et
a/.(2001). The highest prevalence rates of PPR in goats were recorded during summer
(4.58%) followed by autumn (3.88%), winter (2.87%) and lowest in spring (1.66%). The
prevalence of PPR in Goats according to age group were recorded 2.91%, 4.85 "Y. and 5.23%
at 0-6 months age group, 7-12 months age group and above 12 months age group
respectively.

Bloat, FMD & Retained placenta were found in goats 2.65% (287), 1.15% (124) and 1.44 %
(156) respectively. The highest prevalence rate of Retained placenta in goats was recordc.d
during winter (0.68%), spring (0.43%), autumn (0.19%) and lowest in summer (0.14%). For
other diseases (Tetanus, Posterior paralysis, Cataract, Pregnancy toxemia, Rheumatism and
Rabies) the annual prevalence rates were less than 1%.

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