Example 1.

Using the Modified Castigliano Theorem determine the vertical displace-

ment and the slope at the free end A.

A B
L

Solution: Plot the bending moment diagrams due to the external load and the unit loads.

qL2
2

qx2 Mp
2

A B

L
1 x
M1

A B

1
1
M2
B
x

Vertical displacement at A:
ZL ZL L
1 1 qx2 qx4  qL4
∆A = Mp M 1 dx = xdx = = (m) ←
EI EI 2 8EI 0 8EI
0 0

Slope at A
ZL ZL L
1 1 qx2 qx3  qL3
θA = Mp M 2 dx = dx = = (Rad) ←
EI EI 2 6EI 0 6EI
0 0

1
If using numerical integration (please see the notes for these rules), we get
qL2 L qL2 qL4
 
L
∆A = 0+4· + ·L =
6EI 8 2 2 8EI
1 qL2 qL3
 
1
θA = L ×1=
EI 3 2 6EI

Example 2. Determine the vertical displacement at the mid-span point C.

5kN

A C B

2m 4m

3m

Solution: Plot the bending moment diagram. Then apply the unit load at point C and
plot the bending moment diagram due to this load.

5kN

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
A I
0
1 II C III B
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
1010
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
0
1
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
0
1
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
1010
10/3 Mp 5/3

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
x 10 20/3
35/6
5
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 x
1

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
M−unit
A C B
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
1/2
1 1.25
1/2
1.5
2 0.5 0.5 3

2
Support reactions:
5×4 10 5×2 5
VA = = kN; VB = = kN
6 3 6 3
The bending moment under the load
5×2×4 20
Mmax = = kN
6 3
Similar calculations can be done for the unit loading. The displacement at C will be
3 Z
X Mp M
∆C = dx
i=1
EI
L

There are three sections (I, II and III) because each function must be smooth and contin-
uous.

10 1
I) x;
Mp (x) = M (x) = x
3 2
10 1
II) Mp (x) = x − 5(x − 2); M (x) = x
3 2
5 1
III) Mp (x) = x; M (x) = x
3 2

Z2  2
5 x3 
 
1 10 1 40
∆C (I) = x x dx = =
EI 3 2 3 3 0 9EI
0
Z3  3 3
5x2  5 x3 
 
1 10 1 65
∆C (II) = x − 5(x − 2) x dx = − =
EI 3 2 2 2 6 3 2 9EI
 
2
Z3  3
5 x3 
 
1 5 1 15
∆C (III) = x x = =
EI 3 2 6 3 0 2EI

0

Finally, the total displacement is

 
1 40 65 15 115 19.167
∆c = + + = = (m) ←
EI 9 9 2 6EI EI
These integrals can also be calculated numerically, viz.
  
1 1 20 2 40
∆C (I) = ×2× ×1 =
EI 2 3 3 9EI
 
1 20 35 65
∆C (II) = ×1+4× × 1.25 + 5 × 1.5 =
6EI 3 6 9EI
  
1 1 2 3 7.5
∆C (III) = ×3×5 × =
EI 2 3 2 EI

3
Example 3. Using the Modified Castigliano theorem determine the angle of rotation of
the free end D (the point where the load P is applied). Assume that the stiffness EI is
constant and the same for all the members of the frame.

P=20kN

B
D

4m

A C

1m 1m 1m

Solution: To calculate this slope we need to plot first the bending moment diagram due
to the applied external load, then apply the unit bending moment at the point of interest
and, again, plot the bending moment diagram due to this unit moment (see the figures).
First calculate the support reactions for both the cases. Due to applied load:
X
MC = −VA · 2 + 20 · 1 = 0 −→ VA = 10 kN
X (LF )
MB = −10 · 1 + HA · 4 = 0 −→ HA = HC = 2.5 kN
Due to the unit load:
X
MC = −VA · 2 + 1 = 0 −→ VA = 1/2
(LF )
X
MB = −(1/2) · 1 + HA · 4 = 0 −→ HA = HC = 1/8
Next we plot the bending diagrams and perform the calculations. Make sure that there is
an equilibrium at every joint.
L
X Z Mp M
θD = ds
EI
0
Using numerical integration we have
        
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1
θD = · 4 · 10 × · ×2+ 10 · + 0 + 10 · + · 20 · 1 × 1
EI 2 3 2 6 2 2 2
 
1 40 10 80 26.67
= + + 10 = ≈ (Rad)
EI 3 3 3EI EI

4
 1111111111111111111111111
00000000 20

0000000000000000000000000
11111111 P=20kN
11111111
00000000
1 1

00000000000000000
11111111111111111
10

00000000000000000
1111111111111111100000000
11111111 00000000
11111111
0000000000000000
1111111111111111
1/2
00000000
11111111 00000000
11111111
B

0000000000000000
1111111111111111
10 B 1/2
000
111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
000
111
000
111 000
111
000
111 1/2
00
11
00
11
00
11 00
11
0000000000000000
1111111111111111
00
11
000
111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111 00
11
D 1/2 D
000
111 000
111 10 00
11 00
11 1
000
111
10 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 10 20 00
11 00
11
111
000 111
000 11
00 11
00 1/2
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11 1
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 10 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11 1/2
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111
000
111
000
111 MP111
000
000
111
000
111
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 M 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111 000
111 00
11 00
11
000
111
HA = 2.5kN 000
111
C HC = 2.5kN HA = 1/8 00
11 00
11
C HC = 1/8
000
111
A 000
111 00
11
A 00
11

1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m
VA = 10kN VC = 30kN VA = 1/2 VC = 1/2

If you prefer an analytical approach, then you need to describe each moment function and
integrate directly:

Vertical members:
1
M= s
Mp = 2.5s;
8
Z4  
(I) 2 1 20 40
θD = × (2.5s) · s ds = 2 × =
EI 8 3 3EI
0

Horizontal beam (without cantilever):

1 1
Mp = 10 − 10s; − s M=
2 2
Z2  
(II) 1 1 1 10
θD = (10 − 10s) · − s ds =
EI 2 2 3EI
0
Cantilever beam:
Mp = 20s; M =1
Z1
(III) 1 10
θD = 20s ds =
EI EI
0
Finally,  
1 40 10 80 26.67
θD = + + 10 = ≈ (Rad)
EI 3 3 3EI EI

5
Example 4. Using the Modified Castigliano theorem determine the angle of rotation at
the support B.

N G
EI M=7kNm

EI

2m
EI
A 2EI
D

1m
C
B 2EI K
q=5kN/m

EI
2m

1.5m

1.5m
EI
EI
S J
4m

Solution: To calculate this slope we need to plot first the bending moment diagram due
to the applied external load, then apply the unit bending moment at the point of interest
and, again, plot the bending moment diagram due to this unit moment (see the figures).
First calculate the support reactions. Due to the applied load:
X
MA = HB · 1 + 7 − (5 · 2) × 1.5 = 0 −→ HB = 8 kN
HA = (5 · 2) − 8 = 2 kN
X (BF ) 1
MC = 8 · − 5 · 2 · 1 + VB × 2.5 = 0 −→ VB = 2.4 kN
2
VA = VB

The subscript (BF ) in the above equations means “Bottom Forces”, i.e. all the forces
below the hinge C. The support reactions due to the unit bending moment:
X
MA = 1 − HB · 1 = 0 −→ HB = 1; HA = 1
X (T F ) 1
MC = −1 · + VA × 2.5 = 0 −→ VA = 0.2; VB = 0.2
2
Here the subscript (T F ) means “Top Forces”, i.e. all the forces above the hinge C.

Next we plot the bending diagrams and perform the calculations. Make sure that there is
an equilibrium at every joint.
L
X Z Mp M
θB = ds
EI
0

6
 1111111111111111111111111111111
0000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111 13.6
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
8.8

0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000000001111
1111111111111111111111111111111
4 6.6
13.6
7

000
111
000
111 0000
111
000
N 0000
1111
EI G
000
111 1111
0000
0000
1111
6.6
000
111 0000
1111
000
111 EI 1111
0000
5.1
000
111
000
111
VA = 2.4 0000
1111
000
111
EI 0000
1111
0000
1111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
HA = 2 111111111111
000000000000
A
000000000000
111111111111
2EI D 1111
0000
0000
1111
0000
1111
000
111
000
111 000000000000
111111111111 3.6
Mp
000
111 00C
11
00
11
00
11
00
11 HB = 8 B
000000000000
111111111111
000000000000
111111111111
1.8
3.6
000
111 1111111
0000000
000
111
000EI
111 2EI K 1111111
0000000
000
111 0000000
1111111
0000000
1111111
000
111
0.5
000
111 VB = 2.4 0000000
1111111
000
111 0000000
1111111
9.6
000
111 0000000
1111111
EI 1111111
000
111 0000000
0000000
1111111
0000001111111111111111111111111111111
111111
000
111
000 S
111 0000000000000000000000000000000 J 1111111
0000000
0000000
1111111
000
111
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
EI
0000000
1111111
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
6 15.6

0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
6

0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
0000000000000000000000000000000
1111111111111111111111111111111
10.8 15.6

000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111
2 1.6

000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111 1.2

000000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111111
00000
11111 000
111
2 1.2
00000
11111
00000
11111 N
000
111
000
111 G
00000
11111 11111
00000 000
111 111
000
00000
11111
00000
11111 000
111
00000
11111 VA = 0.2 000
111
0.45
000
111
00000
11111
00000
11111 111111111111
000000000000 000
111
0.3111
000
00000
11111
00000
11111
00000
11111
00000
11111
HA = 1
000000000000
111111111111
A
111
000 000
111
000
111
000
111
D
00000
11111 M
00000
11111 VB = 0.2
00000
11111
C
00000
11111
111111111111
000000000000
1
00000
11111 HB = 1 B 000
111
00000
11111
000000000000
111111111111
000
111
1.15 1.3 K
00000
11111 000
111
000
111
00000
11111
00000
11111 000000000000
111111111111
000
111
000
111
000
111
1.3

000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000
111
1
00000
11111
1
00000
11111 000
111
00000
11111
00000
11111 000
111
000
111
000
111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000
111
000
111
000
111
2.05
00000
11111
00000
11111 000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000
111 000
111
000
111
000
111
00000
11111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000
111
2 2.8
00000
11111 000
111
S 2 000
111
2.4 2.8 J

A numerical integration here is a preferable choice as it is much easier than analytical one.

Section AD:
(1) 1 2 1 0.27
θB = − (1.5)(3.6) (0.3) =−
2 3 2EI EI
Section DG:
(2) 1.5 4.005
θB = (−(3.6)(0.3) + (4)(5.1)(0.45) + (6.6)(1.2)) =
6EI EI

7
Section NG:
(3) 4 53.76
θB = ((4)(2) + (4)(8.8)(1.6) + (13.6)(1.2)) =
6EI EI
Section CN:
(4) 1 2 1 16
θB = (2)(4) × (2) =
2 3 EI 3EI
Section CS:
(5) 2 14
θB = − (0 + (4)(0.5)(1) + (6)(2)) = −
6EI 3EI
Section SJ:
(6) 4 106.24
θB = − ((6)(2) + (4)(10.8)(2.4) + (15.6)(2.8)) = −
6EI EI
Section JK:
(7) 0.5 31.77
θB = − ((15.6)(2.8) + (4)(9.6)(2.05) + (3.6)(1.3)) = −
6EI EI
Section BK:
(8) 1.5 1.62
θB = − (0 + (4)(1.15)(1.8) + (3.6)(1.3)) = −
6EI EI
The total displacement
8  
X (i) 1 16 14
θB = θB = −0.27 + 4.005 + 53.76 + − − 106.24 − 31.77 − 1.62
i
EI 3 3
81.468
=− (Rad)
EI
The negative sign means the opposite direction to the original, that is, counter-clockwise.

If you prefer more sophisticated way, you can integrate directly. Some examples given
below: Section AD:
Mp = 2.4s; M = −0.2s
Z1.5
(1) 1 0.27
θB = (2.4s)(−0.2s)ds = −
2EI EI
0

Section DG:

Mp = 2.4 × 1.5 + 2s = 3.6 + 2s; M = s − (0.2)(1.5) = s − 0.3

Z1.5
(2) 1 4.005
θB = (3.6 + 2s)(s − 0.3)ds =
EI EI
0

Section CS:
5s2
Mp = −2s + ; M = −s
2

8
 Z2 
5s2

(5) 1 14
θB = −2s + (−s)ds = −
EI 2 3EI
0

Example 5. Consider a simple framework shown below in the figure. Using the Modified
Castigliano theorem find the slopes at each of three supports as well as the horizontal
displacement of the joint H. Assume that the stiffness is the same in all the members.

q = 20 kN/m

H
D E

3m
M = 40 kNm
F G P = 30 kN

2m

3m
4m 4m

A B C

Solution: First of all, note that the hinges at joints F and E are attached, which means
that members AF D and DEG are solid pieces. On the other hand, the hinge at D joints
two members: AF D and DEG. And the hinge G, in turn, joints three members: DEG,
BG and F G.

In order to plot the bending moment diagram we need to determine all the support reac-
tions. Obviously, there is no horizontal support reaction at C since the support can freely
move horizontally. Also, there is no horizontal support reaction at B because there is no
external load applied between joints B and G. You can compare this section with a simply
supported beam without any vertical load applied. Such members can be subjected only
to axial loads.

Thus, we have Ax = 30 kN.

Vertical support reactions:

It is convenient to consider first the section CHE:

9
 20 kN/m
E
H
Ex = 30 kN

Ey = 17.5 kN

3m
30 kN X
ME = −Cy · 4 + 30 · 3 + 20 · 4 · 2 = 0
Cy = 250/4 = 62.5 kN

3m
Ey = 20 · 4 − 62.5 = 17.5 kN

4m

Cy = 62.5 kN

The support reactions at A and B can be found by considering the whole structure.
X
MA = −62.5 · 8 − 30 · 3 + 20 · 8 · 4 + 40 − By · 4 = 0; By = 90/4 = 22.5 kN

Ay = 20 · 8 − 22.5 − 62.5 = 75 kN
For convenience let us plot the bending moment diagram (kNm) for each section separately.
Section CHE:

20 kN/m
17.5/20 = 0.875m 90

90
Ex = 30 kN 3.125m
3m

Ey = 17.5 kN
30 kN
20 · 3.1252
62.5 · 3.125 − 30 · 3 − = 7.66
2

4m

Cy = 62.5 kN

10
Now let us consider the column AF D and the beam F G:

Dy = 85 kN
Dx = 30 kN
111
000
000
111
D
000
111
000
111
X
MD = −30 · 6 + Fx · 3 = 0
000
111
000
111
3m
000
111
000
111
Fx = 60 kN
000
111
000
111 40 kNm
000
111
90 111
000
000 Fx = 60 kN
111 Fx = 60 kN Gx = 60 kN
000
111
000
111
000 F
111
000
111
000
111
000 Fy = 10 kN
111
000
111
000
111
3m

Fy = 10 kN Gy = 10 kN
000
111
000
111
000
111 (Moment / Distance)
000
111
000
111
Fy = −Gy = 40/4 = 10 kN
Ax =111
000
30 kN
000
111 A

Ay = 75 kN

11111111111
00000000000 20

0000000000011111111111
11111111111
F
00000000000
G

00000000000
11111111111
Clearly, the section F G can be treated as a
20 Gy = 10 kN simply supported beam:
Fy = 10 kN
2m 2m

Lastly, we consider the section DEG :

Ey = 17.5 kN
20

Dx = 30 kN 11111111111111111
00000000000000000
000000
111111
000000
111111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
E Ex = 30 kN
D 000000
111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
000000
111111
180
000000
111111
000000
111111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
000000
111111
Dy = 85 kN
3m

000000
111111
000000
111111
00000000000000000
11111111111111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
000000
111111
Gx = 60 kN
111111
000000 G
4m
Gy = 10 kN By = 22.5 kN

The complete (final) bending moment diagram is shown next:

11
 11111111
00000000
00000000
11111111
00000000111
111111110.875m 90

0000
1111000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000
1111111 000000000000
111111111111
00000000
11111111000
000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000111111111111
1111111 000000000000
180 90
0000
1111 D 000
111
0000
1111 000
111
0000
1111
0000
1111000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000
1111111 000
111
E
000
111 7.66 H
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000
1111111
000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000
1111111
000
111
000
111
000
111

180
0000
1111 000
111
000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000
1111111

3m
0000
1111 000
111
0000
1111
0000
111100000000000
11111111111
000000000000000000
111111111111111111
0000000
1111111 00
11
000
111
000
111
000011111111111
00000000000
0000
1111 00
11 M 000
111
0000
1111 20 000
111
p
00
11
00000000000
11111111111
F
1111 00
11 000
111
0000
1111
90
0000
1111 00000000000
11111111111
00
11 000
111
G [kNm]
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
00000000000
11111111111 20
1111
0000

3m
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111 4m 4m
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111 A B C

To calculate the slopes and displacements, we plot the respective diagrams.

Slope θA : Apply a unit moment at the support A. The moment can be applied in any
direction. If the calculated slope is negative, it simply means that correct direction of the
slope is opposite. And the same is true for the linear displacements.

1
111
000
000
111
000
111
000
111
D 111111111111111
000000000000000
000
111
000000000000000
111111111111111
000
111
E H

000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000000000000000
111111111111111
000
111
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
1

000
111 11
00
00
11
000
111
000
111 00
11
000
111 00
11
00
11
000 F
111 00
11
1111
000
000
111
G
00
11
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111 M1
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111 1
000
111
000
111 A
1 111
000 B C
000
111

1/4 1/4

X Z Mp M 1
θA = ds
l EI

12
It is recommended to integrate numerically here. If you prefer the direct integration, it
follows the numerical one.

Section AF :
1 1 135
θA (AF ) = · · 90 · 3 · 1 =
EI 2 EI
Z 3
1 135
θA (AF ) = 30s ds =
EI 0 EI
Section F D:
1 1 2 90
θA (F D) = · · 90 · 3 · =
EI 2 3 EI
Z 3
1 90
θA (F D) = (30s)(s/3) ds =
EI 0 EI
Section DE (Simpson rule):

2m 2m

D E

85 · 2 − 20 · 2 · 1
130

180 Mp

D E
0.5
1
M1

4   880
θA (DE) = 0 + 4 · 130 · 0.5 + 180 · 1 =
6EI 3EI
Z 4
1 880
θA (DE) = (85s − 10s2 )(0.25s) ds =
EI 0 3EI
Section EG:
1 1 2 180
θA (EG) = · · 180 · 3 · =
EI 2 3 EI
Z 3
1 180
θA (EG) = (60s)(s/3) ds =
EI 0 EI
Thus, the final answer is
1   2095 698.33
θA = 135 + 90 + 880/3 + 180 = or (Rad)
EI 3EI EI

13
Slope θB : Apply a unit moment at the support B.

1
1111
0000
0000
1111 1111111111111111
0000000000000000
0000
1111 H

0000000000000000
1111111111111111
0000
1111
E
0000 D
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000000000000000
1111111111111111
0000
1111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
1

0000
1111 111
000
0000
1111
0000
1111 000
111
0000
1111 000
111
0000
1111 000
111
000
111
0000
1111 F 000
111
0000
1111
G
0000
1111
1
0000
1111 000
111
0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111 M2 0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111
1
0000 A
1111 0000
1111
0000
1111
1/3
0000
1111 0000
1111 1/3 C
1 B
1/4 1/4

X Z Mp M 2
θB = ds
l EI
Section AF D:
1 1 2 180
θB (AF D) = 2 × · · 90 · 3 · =
EI 2 3 EI
Z 3
1 180
θB (AF D) = 2 × (30s)(s/3) ds =
EI 0 EI
Section DE (Simpson rule):
4   880
θB (DE) = 0 + 4 · 130 · 0.5 + 180 · 1 =
6EI 3EI
Z 4
1 880
θB (DE) = (85s − 10s2 )(0.25s) ds =
EI 0 3EI
Section EG:
1 1 2 180
θB (EG) = · · 180 · 3 · =
EI 2 3 EI
Z 3
1 180
θB (EG) = (60s)(s/3) ds =
EI 0 EI
Thus, the slope θB is
1   1960 653.33
θB = 180 + 880/3 + 180 = or (Rad)
EI 3EI EI

14
Slope θC : Apply a unit moment at the support C.

1
11111111111111111
00000000000000000 H

00000000000000111
11111111111111000
D E

000
111
1
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
111
000
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
F G 000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
M3 000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
A
000
111
000 C
111
1
000
111
000
111
B 1

1/4
1/4

X Z Mp M 3
θC = ds
l EI
Section EH (Simpson rule):

90

17.5 · 2 − 20 · 2 · 1 Mp

5
E H

E H
0.5
1
M3

4   200
θC (EH) = 0 − 4 · 5 · 0.5 − 90 · 1 = −
6EI 3EI
Z 4
1 200
θC (EH) = (17.5s − 10s2 )(0.25s) ds = −
EI 0 3EI
Section EG:
1 1 135
θC (EG) = − · 90 · 3 · 1 = −
EI 2 EI
Z 3
1 135
θC (EG) = (30s)(−1) ds = −
EI 0 EI

15
The final answer is
1  200  605 201.67
θC = − + 135 = − or − (Rad)
EI 3 3EI EI
The negative sign means that the actual direction of the rotation is opposite to the applied
unit moment, that is, clockwise.

Horizontal displacement ∆H : Apply a unit force at H.

6 1
111
000
000D
111 1111111111111111
0000000000000000
000
111
0000000000000000
1111111111111111
000
111
E H
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
0000000000000000
1111111111111111
000
111
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
6

000
111 11
00
00
11
000
111 00
11
000
111
000
111 00
11
000F
111 00
11
000
111 00
11
G
00
11 ∆H =
X Z Mp M 4
ds
000
111
3
000
111 l EI
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111 M4
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
000
111
1111
000
000
111
A C
000
111
B
1.5 1.5

Section AF D:
1 1 2 540
∆H (AF D) = 2 × · · 90 · 3 · · 3 =
EI 2 3 EI
Z 3
1 540
∆H (AF D) = 2 × (30s)(s) ds =
EI 0 EI
Section DE (Simpson rule):
4   1760
∆H (DE) = 0 + 4 · 130 · 3 + 180 · 6 =
6EI EI
Z 4
1 1760
∆H (DE) = (85s − 10s2 )(1.5s) ds =
EI 0 EI
Section EG:
1 1 2 1080
∆H (EG) = · · 180 · 3 · · 6 =
EI 2 3 EI
Z 3
1 1080
∆H (EG) = (60s)(2s) ds =
EI 0 EI
Thus, the displacement ∆H is
1   3380
∆H = 540 + 1760 + 1080 = (m)
EI EI

16