1 hour (20 points) PYL122 Minor 1 Feb 8 2023 (IITD)

Sample Sample
Name: Registration No.:

Twelve multiple-choice questions with negative marking. Please read and follow the instruc-
tions very carefully:

• The answer to a question will be marked as “right” if and only if ALL correct choices are
identified and no incorrect choices are picked. There may be more than one correct

ON
choice per question.
• An attempted question which is not “right” will be marked as “wrong.” Unattempted questions
will be marked as 0 (zero).
• Write down the correct answer choices to all questions together on the first page of the
answer sheet and do all the rough work on later pages. No justifications/explanations needed.
• Along with the answer choice(s), you must specify your confidence level for each question. You
can choose from: low confidence (default choice if no confidence level is specified), medium
confidence, and high confidence.

D ↓
E.g. If you think that for Q1 choices (a) & (c) are correct, and for Q2 choice (b) is correct, on
the first page of your answer sheet you may write (indicating your confidence in the answer to

<
each question):
Q1: (a) & (c) (medium confidence)
Q2: (b) (high confidence)
• Marking scheme: For each question identified as:

D
Low confidence: +1 for “right” answer, 0.5 for “wrong” answer,
Medium confidence: +1.5 for “right” answer, 2 for “wrong” answer, V

out
High confidence: +2 for “right” answer, 3 for “wrong” answer.

A
Note that only unattempted answers have no negative marking.
• Maximum possible marks: +24, minimum possible marks: 36
The percentage score will be determined out of 20 (E.g. a score of 24 will count as 120%, a

0
score of 5 will count as 25%.)
• No writing/check-marks/any other markings allowed on the question paper sheet

N
except your name and registration no. You will lose 5 points for any scribble of any kind on

V
the question paper. TIE your question paper to your answer sheet before submitting,
otherwise you will get a ZERO in this exam.

uP
The quantum state of a quantum spin oriented along the n̂ unit vector in R3 (which makes an angle
✓ 2 [0, ⇡] with the z-axis and whose projection on the xy-plane makes an angle 2 [0, 2⇡] with the
x-axis) can be represented by the following vector in a two-dimensional (complex) vector space

where {|0i, |1i} are the orthonormal basis vectors. Note that we are using the standard convention,
|0i ⌘ | z = +1i and |1i ⌘ | z = 1i.
Q1. What is the experimental
vector, for the spin in the state
(a) +1 with 50% probability
(c) +1 with 100% probability
(e) +1 with cos2 2✓ probability
✓ ✓
| i = cos |0i + ei sin |1i , (1)
2 2
outcome of measuring the observable ˆn , oriented along the n̂ unit
| i given in eqn. (1)?
(b) 1 with 50% probability
(d) 1 with 100% probability
(f) 1 with sin2 2✓ probability

page 1 of 2
1 hour (20 points) PYL122 Minor 1 Feb 8 2023 (IITD)

Q2. What is the probability of measuring x = 1 in the state | i?

(a) sin2 2✓ (b) cos2 2✓ (c) 0% (d) 50% (e) 12 (1 + cos sin ✓) (f) cos sin ✓ (g) 12 (1 cos sin ✓)
Q3. What is the expectation value (average value) of the observable ˆx in the state | i?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) cos 2✓ (d) cos 2✓ (e) 2 cos sin ✓ 1 (f) cos sin ✓
Q4. Suppose you measured the observable ˆx in the state | i and observed the outcome = 1.

oN
x
What is the final state of the system after this measurement?
(a) |0i (b) |1i (c) | x = 1i (d) cos 2✓ |0i + ei sin 2✓ |1i (e) cos 2✓ |0i e i
sin 2✓ |1i
Suppose we choose the following ⇢ explicit ✓column
◆ vector✓representation
◆ for the basis vectors of the
1 1
two-dimensional vector space: |0i = p12 , |1i = p12 . Using this choice,
1 1
Q5. the state | i shown in eqn. (1) above takes the form | i =
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
cos 2✓ 1 cos ✓
1 cos ✓
+ e i
sin ✓
1 cos ✓
cos ✓
(a) (b) p2 i 2 ✓ (c) p2 2 2 (d) p2 2 (e) 2
ei sin 2✓ e sin 2 cos 2✓ ei sin 2✓ sin 2✓ sin 2✓
✓ ◆
3

D
1
Q6. given a state in its column vector representation, |⌘i = 5 , in terms of the basis vectors
4

↓
{|0i, |1i} it takes the form |⌘i = ↵|0i + |1i with

↓
(a) ↵ = 3, = 4 (b) ↵ = 35 , = 45 (c) ↵ = 10 7
, = 101 (d) ↵ = 5p7 2 , = 5p12 (e) ↵ = 35 , = 5
4

Let | n i (where n = 1, 2, . . . , N ) be N orthonormal basis vectors of an N -dimensional

P (complex)
vector space. Then any arbitrary vector in the vector space takes the form, | i = N n=1 n | n i.
c

DODL
Q7. The inner product h | i evaluates to:
P P PN P PN PN Pn
(a) 1 (b) N 2
i=1 cn (c) Nn=1
⇤
i=1 cn ci (d) Ni=1 |ci |
2
(e) 2
i=1 ci (f) ⇤
n=1 cn cn (g) ⇤
i=1 ci ci

200 #
Q8. Let  be the observable whose distinct eigenvalues and eigenvectors are n and | n i respectively.
What is the probability that the outcome of measuring  in the state | i will be i (for i =
1, 2, . . . , N )?
p
(a) ci (b) |ci |2 (c) | i |2 (d) c⇤i ci / h | i (e) c⇤i ci /h i | i i (f) c⇤i ci /h | i (g) h i | i
P PN
Q9. Let |µi = N j=1 cj |ji and |⌫i = j=1 dj |ji be two quantum states, where {|ji : j = 1, . . . , N }
form an orthonormal basis. Then the inner product hµ|⌫i is equal to
X N N
X N
X
(a) cj dj hj|ji (b) c⇤j dj hj|ji (c) cj d⇤j hj|ji
j=1 j=1 j=1
N X
X N N X
X N N X
X N

uP
(d) cj dk hj|ki (e) c⇤j dk hj|ki (f) cj d⇤k hj|ki
j=1 k=1 j=1 k=1 j=1 k=1

Q10. Suppose you are given a quantum spin in the state |0i. First you measure ˆy followed
immediately by a measurement of ˆz . Which of the following is a possible final state?
(a) |0i (b) |1i (c) | y = +1i (d) | y = 1i (e) None of the above
Q11. Let the initial state of the system be | x = +1i. First you measure the observable ˆz , followed
immediately by the measurement of ˆx . The probability that the outcomes of the two experiments
are z = 1 and x = 1 is
(a) 0% (b) 25% (c) 50% (d) 100% (e) None of the above
Q12. Suppose the initial state of the quantum spin is |1i. You make a measurement of ˆz . What is
the final state after the measurement?
p
(a) |0i (b) |1i (c) | z = +1i (d) | z = 1i (e) (|0i + |1i)/ 2 (f) None of the above

page 2 of 2
 PyL122 Minor

01. 14) 0
=

81s) eidsmell
+

represents a
quantum
spin oriented along the unit vector in (RP as described
in the question. Thus measuring the observable
Cohich is also oriented along unit rector) will

lead to the experimental outcome +) with 100% prob.

More info.:14) an
is
eigenvector of bywith
eigenvalue + 1.

82. The probability of the experimental outcome upon

measuring
in the state it given by the is

inner productbetween 14) and the

eigenstate % of

which has agenvalue 4), i.e the state 16:417:

1(6n 4)4)R
P(6x +
=

1)(v) =
=

this quantity, first write (6 4): )

=

To compute E

in the 5103, 1773 basis, then take the inner product:

 (6m +1/4)
(<1)(cos810) +eosmelk)
=
=

(058 eosin
ciy55
+

E
Then K( H(4) =
=

(6u +
+

1/4)(6x H(47)* =

=I (ws8 +e*sue) (asoteu

=12050+SiNO+asmsoebeiT
I [1 simccosd]
= +

Thus
P(6x =
+

1)(4) 1 +sinocost]
=

then it oriented
sanity check:170 =

2 4 =
0, is

along at. In that ()=1u 41), thus the

case
=

probability
ofthe outcome sat should be 100%

1x*
Indeed P(Gn + +
1),4> =
I(1 1]+

1v
=
93. Like in Q2, wecan calculate P(6x =1)
>
An easier
way to recognize 1- P (Sn +1),4)
is

P((u=1),p):
=

as the probabilities so the two outcomes mustadd up

to one-

->

P(6x 1),y) 7
=

=
-

1) sin0cos)
+
E(Ismocos)
=

Then the expectation value of the observable be in

the state it is

(52L P(6x 1)(x)x(+)) P(6x 1),v) x()

+

=
=

=[ sin8
+

c() -

E)-smocos()
=since as
of

savity check:When 8 =

I & 4 0, =

we expect(50) 1) =

v
When as any value (so spin oriented along
is

i unitrector), we expect(in) =0 /
 The act of measurement prepares the state of the
14.
system. 19 after the observable a
measuring
the outcome then the final state of the
,
is new

the +
system the
is agenstate corresponding to

agenvalue, i.e
(s 1)
=

95.14) a51s)
=

esiel)
+

column
represent &
tation
use x
(i) esine
+ +

()
-

coseteidsi
( ass-eidsu2 (

96. There are multiple ways to calculate & & B.

Method 1:(n) <10) =

p(1 >
+

columnsts()-(i) e)
**)
 so we need to solve the linear equations:

53 1 25 E -
+

=
-

mod
2:
Note that (iljh-Sij (ii 0,1) =

Thiscan be checked for the representation

column
well.
of(d) (i)
E.g. ())
& as
(011) 1(1) =

=
I(1 1) -

0
=

etc.
Then a coln
p 4i(n>
=

5
1(11)5(3) B 1( (()
=

= -

Ac =

72p =

97.(4)
(*(4m)
=

m 1
=

=> SYT-NNCA, CUN >

Corthonormality Sun

-NNCSmnsCCm mSR
N

:
 (415) IN absolute value
Note: as this misses the

w
· <4(2) + I 2 Cica
*
as itmissed the
i 1

Kronecker delta to Sni

n
1

=
=

·
(**)
+*Ci is
wrong as in should have

been -N'.
<YH) 71 to
given
·
as not
given since are
si

is gento beat redo

in
be constrained St.,S12.another words
not

define (8 => so that (415) =

1.
#(2)

08. Calculate (4:17 = (n <4:14n

n 1
=

NC.
orthonormality"
Sin Ci

Normally, we use the formula:

P(hi) (<4i)7>R 12R

=
=

butthis
formula implicitly assumes (2) normalized.
is

Since the 12 given in the question isanormalized,

the sure of all probabilitiesdoes not
equal 3.(ie100%).
 So, to calculate the probabilities of outcomes, we

first
must
normalize (1) (we did thisin the

solution to the previous question):

157 17)
=

(5)
Then P(i) (<4i/5312
=

-sle iR

fail-stian

ENdk(k) (u)
=2005)
&
49.(8) =

7 (u(r) (2yg(j)(*Na.lk)
=
 -EsNcdn<R
-Ndi j 1
=
file using
of
to
orthonormality
basis vectors

⑧S
② v(dj
j 1
=

=Cd<i(5) reintroducing 1 251j)

=

j 1
=

&10. Initial state:10)

↓ measure ",
↓
Sy +)
6y 1
=

50% prob. 50% prob.

State after
(6y 4)(5y 1)
=

:
=

measurement
I
measure
is
62 +

=
↓!
1 -
ay
yXi
1 =
1

50%90%%
State after 50%
measurementi 1090% ( ()
 Possible final states: 10), 117

01. Initial state:16x=41>

↓measure is
↓-
6z 4)(t 1
=

50% prob. 50% prob.

State after
10) (1)
measurement:

↓ measure
In
↓
(x =

+
1
26 -

6x )6x |
50% 50% 50% 38%

state after (651) (68 4)(5x

1

)
(6 71)
=

measurement:
=

so the possible outcomes measurements of are:

Pob. 50%x50%: =

25%
1)(z 42(n
=
4):
=

(Exk i) =

&
2) ( 7) Sa t. Prob. 25%
= =

=
 3) 6y 2(a 4)Prob. 25%
=

1 =

Prob. 25%
2) ( t&6x
=
+
+
=

&12. Initial state:11) (5z 1 = =

Outcome of
measuring - is w ith 100% prob.

The final state does not

change. Itremains (1):165=

(itisan eigenstate a) of