Trig Cheat Sheet Vaibhav Dixit P3

Definition of the Trig Functions

Right triangle definition Unit Circle Definition
For this definition we assume that For this definition ✓ is any angle.
⇡
0 < ✓ < or 0 < ✓ < 90 .
2

opposite hypotenuse
sin(✓) = csc(✓) = y 1
hypotenuse opposite sin(✓) = =y csc(✓) =
adjacent hypotenuse 1 y
cos(✓) = sec(✓) = x 1
hypotenuse adjacent cos(✓) = = x sec(✓) =
opposite adjacent 1 x
tan(✓) = cot(✓) = y x
adjacent opposite tan(✓) = cot(✓) =
x y
Facts and Properties
Domain Period
The domain is all the values of ✓ that can be The period of a function is the number, T , such
plugged into the function. that f (✓ + T ) = f (✓). So, if ! is a fixed number
sin(✓), ✓ can be any angle and ✓ is any angle we have the following
periods.
cos(✓), ✓ can be any angle 2⇡
✓ ◆ sin (! ✓) ! T =
1 !
tan(✓), ✓ 6= n + ⇡, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
2 2⇡
cos (! ✓) ! T =
!
csc(✓), ✓ 6= n⇡, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . . ⇡
✓ ◆ tan (! ✓) ! T =
1 !
sec(✓), ✓ 6= n + ⇡, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
2 2⇡
csc (! ✓) ! T =
!
cot(✓), ✓ 6= n⇡, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
2⇡
sec (! ✓) ! T =
!
⇡
cot (! ✓) ! T =
!
Range
The range is all possible values to get out of the function.
1  sin(✓)  1 1  cos(✓)  1
1 < tan(✓) < 1 1 < cot(✓) < 1
sec(✓) 1 and sec(✓)  1 csc(✓) 1 and csc(✓)  1

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© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu
 Trig Cheat Sheet

Formulas and Identities

Tangent and Cotangent Identities Half Angle Formulas
sin(✓) cos(✓) ✓ ◆ r
tan(✓) = cot(✓) = ✓ 1 cos(✓)
cos(✓) sin(✓) sin =±
2 2
Reciprocal Identities ✓ ◆ r
✓ 1 + cos(✓)
1 1 cos =±
csc(✓) = sin(✓) = 2 2
sin(✓) csc(✓) s
✓ ◆
1 1 ✓ 1 cos(✓)
sec(✓) = cos(✓) = tan =±
cos(✓) sec(✓) 2 1 + cos(✓)
1 1
cot(✓) = tan(✓) = Half Angle Formulas (alternate form)
tan(✓) cot(✓)
Pythagorean Identities sin2 (✓) = 1
2 (1 cos(2✓)) 1 cos(2✓)
tan2 (✓) =
cos2 (✓) = 12 (1 + cos(2✓)) 1 + cos(2✓)
sin2 (✓) + cos2 (✓) = 1
tan2 (✓) + 1 = sec2 (✓) Sum and Difference Formulas
2
1 + cot (✓) = csc2 (✓) sin(↵ ± ) = sin(↵) cos( ) ± cos(↵) sin( )

Even/Odd Formulas cos(↵ ± ) = cos(↵) cos( ) ⌥ sin(↵) sin( )

sin( ✓) = sin(✓) csc( ✓) = csc(✓) tan(↵) ± tan( )
tan(↵ ± ) =
cos( ✓) = cos(✓) sec( ✓) = sec(✓) 1 ⌥ tan(↵) tan( )

tan( ✓) = tan(✓) cot( ✓) = cot(✓) Product to Sum Formulas

1
Periodic Formulas sin(↵) sin( ) = 2 [cos(↵ ) cos(↵ + )]
1
If n is an integer then, cos(↵) cos( ) = 2 [cos(↵ ) + cos(↵ + )]
1
sin(✓ + 2⇡n) = sin(✓) csc(✓ + 2⇡n) = csc(✓) sin(↵) cos( ) = 2 [sin(↵ + ) + sin(↵ )]
1
cos(✓ + 2⇡n) = cos(✓) sec(✓ + 2⇡n) = sec(✓) cos(↵) sin( ) = 2 [sin(↵ + ) sin(↵ )]
tan(✓ + ⇡n) = tan(✓) cot(✓ + ⇡n) = cot(✓)
Sum to Product Formulas
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
↵+ ↵
Degrees to Radians Formulas sin(↵) + sin( ) = 2 sin cos
2 2
If x is an angle in degrees and t is an angle in ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
↵+ ↵
radians then sin(↵) sin( ) = 2 cos sin
2 2
⇡ t ⇡x 180t ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
= ) t= and x= ↵+ ↵
180 x 180 ⇡ cos(↵) + cos( ) = 2 cos cos
2 2
Double Angle Formulas ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
↵+ ↵
cos(↵) cos( ) = 2 sin sin
sin(2✓) = 2 sin(✓) cos(✓) 2 2
cos(2✓) = cos2 (✓) sin2 (✓) Cofunction Formulas
⇣⇡ ⌘ ⇣⇡ ⌘
2
= 2 cos (✓) 1 sin ✓ = cos(✓) cos ✓ = sin(✓)
⇣2⇡ ⌘ 2
⇣⇡ ⌘
2
=1 2 sin (✓) csc ✓ = sec(✓) sec ✓ = csc(✓)
2 tan(✓) ⇣ ⇡2 ⌘ ⇣ ⇡2 ⌘
tan(2✓) = tan ✓ = cot(✓) cot ✓ = tan(✓)
1 tan2 (✓) 2 2

- © Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu