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opposite hypotenuse
sin(θ) = csc(θ) = y 1
hypotenuse opposite sin(θ) = =y csc(θ) =
adjacent hypotenuse 1 y
cos(θ) = sec(θ) = x 1
hypotenuse adjacent cos(θ) = = x sec(θ) =
opposite adjacent 1 x
tan(θ) = cot(θ) = y x
adjacent opposite tan(θ) = cot(θ) =
x y
Facts and Properties
Domain Period
The domain is all the values of θ that can be The period of a function is the number, T , such
plugged into the function. that f (θ + T ) = f (θ). So, if ω is a fixed number
sin(θ), θ can be any angle and θ is any angle we have the following
periods.
cos(θ), θ can be any angle 2π
sin (ω θ) → T =
1 ω
tan(θ), θ 6= n + π, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
2 2π
cos (ω θ) → T =
ω
csc(θ), θ 6= nπ, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . . π
tan (ω θ) → T =
1 ω
sec(θ), θ 6= n + π, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
2 2π
csc (ω θ) → T =
ω
cot(θ), θ 6= nπ, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
2π
sec (ω θ) → T =
ω
π
cot (ω θ) → T =
ω
Range
The range is all possible values to get out of the function.
−1 ≤ sin(θ) ≤ 1 −1 ≤ cos(θ) ≤ 1
−∞ < tan(θ) < ∞ −∞ < cot(θ) < ∞
sec(θ) ≥ 1 and sec(θ) ≤ −1 csc(θ) ≥ 1 and csc(θ) ≤ −1
For any ordered pair on the unit circle (x, y) : cos(θ) = x and sin(θ) = y
Example
√
5π 1 5π 3
cos = sin =−
3 2 3 2
Mollweide’s Formula
cos 12 (α − β)
a+b
=
sin 12 γ
c