ANOVA

A professor decides that it would be useful to know if there is a difference in student

learning three different grouping methods. She compares three different classes using a
different grouping method for each class. The methods are: self-selected groups (Group
A), teacher-assigned groups (Group B), and grouped by major (Group C). She randomly
assigns the classes to one of the three group methods, teaches the course material to each
class, and measures achievement on the final ten-point test. Test the statistical difference
between the three grouping methods (Use  = .05).

State the professor's hypothesis as a null hypothesis, using both words and mathematical
equation:

There is no statistically significant difference in student learning based on grouping methods

used for instruction.

HO : A = B = C

The following results were obtained:

Group: A B C

X X X
2 5 9
4 7 6
5 4 7
3 3 5
2 6 8
_________________________________________________
X= 16 25 35
= 3.2 5 7
n =5 5 5
X2 = 58 135 255
_______ ________________________________________
 XG2 = 448

 XG = 76
G = 5.07
N = 15

Note: the subscript “G” refers to the total Group (set of data). It makes any expression
calculated for the whole group-- the Grand mean ( G), Grand sum of scores ( XG), Grand sum
of scores squared ( XG2 ). N refers to the total number of scores for the whole group.

Complete the appropriate statistical analysis, showing all work and labeling answers. Use
the following formula:
Note: SST refers to the “sum of squares Total”
SSB refers to the “sum of squares Between”
SSw refers to the “sum of squares Within”

You are calculating the variance within a set of scores, between the sets of
scores, and the total amount of variance.

Show calculations below:

Fill in the table showing the source of variance and the F statistic, with the degrees of freedom.

Source of SS df Mean F
Variance (Sums of (degrees of Square MSB
Squares) freedom) MSw
*K means # of groups
SSb 36.13 (K-1) (3-1) 2 18.07 8.10

SSw 26.8 (N-K) (15-3) 12 2.23

SST 62.93 (N-1) (15-1) 14

Calculated F with df = F 2,12 =8.10

Tabled F with df = F 2,12 = 3.88

Degrees of freedom (df) for ANOVA is calculated for the SSb part of the table by subtracting 1
from the number of groups (K). [K-1= SSB]

Degrees of freedom for the 2nd part of the table SSw is found by determining the total number of
cases in the entire ANOVA problem (N) minus the number of groups (K). The second part of
the degrees of freedom is [N-K]. You need both numbers to use the A.5 tables for Distribution
of F, located in Resources. To use the tables, choose table for the appropriate alpha level. p.
= .10 (p. 588), p. = .05 (p. 589)… n1 on the table goes across the top. This value is for the first
row of the table for the degrees of freedom for the mean square between SSb [K-1= SSB] In the
example problem this would be a df = 2. You would find the column under the number 2.

The far left-hand column shows the df for n2 which stands for the df for means square within
(SSw) [N-K]. For the example problem this would be a df = 12.
You write the df for ANOVA problems with both numbers following the F statistic. As shown
above: For this problem it is df = F2,12 Back to the A.5 tables (p. = .05). Follow the number 2
column down to the 12 row (representing df for SSw. The tabled F value for df = F 2,12 = 3.88.

What is the decision about H (professor's null hypothesis)?

O

__reject_______

Write the professor's conclusion in the accepted research reporting format.

There is a statistically significant difference in student learning based on grouping
method used.

It is appropriate to perform a post hoc analysis since there was not a statistically
significant difference.