List of skeletal

muscles of the
human body

This is a table of skeletal muscles of the

human anatomy.

There are around 650 skeletal muscles

within the typical human body.[1][2][3]
Almost every muscle constitutes one part
of a pair of identical bilateral muscles,
found on both sides, resulting in
approxim
ately 320
pairs of
muscles,
as
presented
in this
article.
Neverthel
ess, the
exact
number is
difficult to define. Different sources group
muscles differently, regarding what is
defined as different parts of a single
muscle or as several muscles. There are
also
vestigial
muscles
that are
present in
some
people
but
absent in
others,
such as
palmaris
longus
muscle.[4]
[5]
The muscles of the human body can be
categorized into a number of groups which
include muscles relating to the head and
neck, muscles of the torso or trunk,
muscles of the upper limbs, and muscles
of the lower limbs.

The action refers to the action of each

muscle from the standard anatomical
position. In other positions, other actions
may be performed.

These muscles are described using

anatomical terminology. The term
"muscle" is omitted from muscle names
(except when a muscle is an origin or
insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted
from bone names. The terms "artery" and
"nerve" are both used when these
structures are mentioned.
Head

Forehead/eyelid

Numbe
occurre
in a
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
stand
hum
bod

occipitofrontalis 2 epicranial facial raises 2

occipital aponeurosis nerve eyebrows
bellies [CNVII]
and 2
frontal
bellies

occipitalis superior occipital posterior retracts 2?

nuchal artery auricular scalp
line of nerve
occipital (facial
bone, nerve
mastoid [CNVII])
part of
temporal
bone

frontalis skin of ophthalmic temporal wrinkles 2?

eyebrow artery branch of eyebrow
and facial
glabella nerve
[CNVII]
orbicularis oculi orbital orbital part: ophthalmic zygomatic closes levator 2?
part: lateral artery, branch of eyelids palpebrae
frontal palpebral zygomatico- facial superioris
bone raphe orbital nerve
artery, [CNVII]
palpebral palpebral
angular
part: part: lateral
artery
medial palpebral
palpebral raphe
ligament
lacrimal
lacrimal part: Edges
part: of eyelids
posterior
crest of
lacrimal
bone

corrugator nasal intermediate ophthalmic zygomatic moves 2?

supercilii part of third of skin artery branch of skin of
frontal of eyebrow facial forehead
bone nerve medially
[CNVII] and
inferiorly
(towards
root of
nose)

depressor nasal medial third moves 2?

supercilii part of of skin of skin of
frontal eyebrow eyebrows
bone, inferiorly
medial
rim of
orbit
Extraocular muscles

Number o
occurrence
in a
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard
human
body

levator sphenoid tarsal ophthalmic oculomotor retracts orbicularis 2

palpebrae bone plate, artery nerve [CNIII] and oculi
superioris upper elevates
eyelid eyelid

superior underside superior sympathetic raises 2

tarsal/Muller's of levator tarsal nervous upper
Muscle palpebrae plate of system eyelid
superioris eyelid

Rectus muscles

superior annulus 7.5 mm ophthalmic superior elevates, 2

of Zinn at superior artery branch of adducts,
orbital to oculomotor and
apex corneal nerve [CNIII] medially
limbus rotates
eye

inferior 6.5 mm inferior depresses 2

inferior branch of and
to oculomotor adducts
corneal nerve [CNIII] eye
limbus

medial 5.5 mm inferior adducts 2

medial branch of eye
to oculomotor
nerve [CNIII]
 corneal
limbus

lateral 7 mm abducens abducts 2

temporal nerve eye
to [CNVI]
corneal
limbus

Oblique muscles

superior annulus outer lateral trochlear intorts, 2

of Zinn at posterior muscular nerve abducts,
orbital quadrant branch of [CNIV] and
apex, of ophthalmic depress
medial to eyeball artery eye
optic
canal

inferior orbital laterally oculomotor extorts, 2

surface onto nerve [CNIII] elevates,
of eyeball, and
maxilla, deep to abducts
lateral to lateral eye
lacrimal rectus,
groove by a
short
flat
tendon
Ear

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antago

temporoparietalis auriculares muscles epicranial facial

aponeurosis nerve
[CNVII]

Auriculares

pulls
auricularis front of
temporal fascia auricle
anterior helix of ear
forwards

auricularis epicranial dorsocranial pulls

posterior facial
superior aponeurosis surface of auricle
auricular nerve
auricle upwards
artery [CNVII]
auricularis mastoid process of dorsal part pulls
posterior temporal bone, of auricle auricle
tendon of backwards
sternocleidomastoid

Muscles of inner ear

stapedius tip of pyramid of neck of stapedial nerve to reduces

middle ear stapes branch the movement
of stapedius of stapes,
posterior from facial controls
auricular nerve amplitude
artery [CNVII] of sound
waves to
inner ear
tensor tympani Eustachian tube handle of superior medial tenses
malleus tympanic pterygoid tympanic
artery nerve from membrane,
mandibular controls
nerve amplitude
[CNV3] of sound
waves to
inner ear
Nose

Number of
occurrences
in a w
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard n
human
body

procerus fascia skin of facial buccal draws down 2 22

muscle over lower artery branch medial
lower part of of angle of
part of forehead facial eyebrow
nasal between nerve (giving
bone eyebrows [CNVII] expressions
of frowning)

depressor septi incisive nasal superior depresses 2 23

nasi fossa of septum labial nasal
maxilla and back artery septum
part of
alar part
of
nasalis

levator labii frontal nostril superior dilates 2 24

superioris process and labial nostril,
alaeque nasi of maxilla upper lip artery elevates
upper lip,
elevates
wing of
nose

nasalis

transverse alveolar lateral superior buccal compresses 2 25

part yoke of nasal labial branch nostrils
 (compressor canine cartilage artery of
naris) tooth facial
nerve
alar part alveolar skin near [CNVII] dilates 2 26
yoke of margin nostrils
(dilator
lateral of nostril
naris)
incisor
tooth,
greater
and
lesser
alar
cartilages
Mouth

N
o

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

levator maxilla modiolus facial facial elevates depressor 2

anguli oris of mouth artery nerve angle of anguli oris
(caninus) [CNVII] mouth
(smile)

depressor tubercle of mandible mandibular depresses levator 2

anguli oris branch of angle of anguli oris
(triangularis) facial mouth
nerve (frown)
[CNVII]

levator labii medial part of infra- skin and superior buccal elevates 2
superioris orbital margin of muscle of labial branch of upper lip
maxilla upper lip artery facial
(labii nerve
superioris) [CNVII]

depressor oblique line of integument inferior mandibular depresses 2

labii mandible, between of lower labial branch of lower lip
inferioris symphysis and lip, artery facial
mental foramen orbicularis nerve
oris fibers, [CNVII]
its fellow
of opposite
side

mentalis alveolar yoke of skin of elevates 2

lower, lateral incisor chin and
 tooth, found on wrinkles
anterior mandible skin of
chin,
protrudes
lower lip

buccinator alveolar processes fibres of buccal buccal compress 2

of maxilla and orbicularis artery branch of cheeks
mandible, oris facial against
pterygomandibular nerve teeth
raphe [CNVII] (blowing),
mastication

orbicularis maxilla and skin superior puckers 2

oris mandible around lips labial lips
artery,
inferior
labial
artery

risorius parotid fascia modiolus facial draw back 2

of mouth artery angle of
mouth

Zygomatic muscles

major zygomatic bone in modiolus facial buccal draws 2

region of of mouth artery branch of angle of
zygomaticomaxillary facial mouth
suture nerve upward and
[CNVII] laterally

minor skin of elevates 2

upper lip upper lip
Mastication

Number of
occurrences
in a
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard
human
body

masseter anterior angle of masseteric masseteric elevates platysma 2

two-thirds mandible, artery nerve from and
of inferior masseteric mandibular retracts
margin of tuberosity nerve mandible
zygomatic of [CNV3] (closes
arch and mandible mouth)
maxilla

temporalis temporal coronoid deep deep 2

lines on process of temporal temporal
parietal mandible arteries nerves
bone of from
skull mandibular
nerve
[CNV3]

Pterygoid muscles

lateral greater condyloid pterygoid external depresses masseter, 2

wing of process of branches pterygoid mandible temporalis,
sphenoid mandible of nerve from (opens medial
and maxillary mandibular mouth) pterygoid
lateral artery nerve
pterygoid [CNV3]
process

medial deep medial medial elevates 2

head: angle of pterygoid mandible,
medial mandible nerve from closes
side of mandibular jaw, helps
lateral nerve lateral
pterygoid [CNV3] pterygoid
plate in moving
behind jaw from
upper side to
teeth side
superficial
head:
pyramidal
process
of
palatine
bone and
maxillary
tuberosity
Tongue

Extrinsic

Nu
occ

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

s

genioglossus superior dorsum lingual hypoglossal inferior 2

part of of artery nerve fibers:
mental tongue, [CNXII] protrudes
spine of body of tongue
mandible hyoid
middle
(symphysis
fibers:
menti)
depresses
tongue

superior
fibers:
draws tip of
tongue
back and
down

hyoglossus hyoid side of depresses 2

tongue tongue

chondroglossus lesser cornu intrinsic depresses 2

and body of muscular tongue
hyoid bone (some
 fibers of consider
tongue this muscle
to be part
of
hyoglossus)

styloglossus styloid tongue sublingual elevates inferior and 2

process of branch of and retracts middle fibers
temporal lingual tongue of
bone artery genioglossus

palatoglossus palatine vagus nerve raising back 2

aponeurosis [CNX], part of
accessory tongue
nerve
[CNXI]
Intrinsic

Number of
occurrences
in a w
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard
human
body

superior close to edges of lingual hypoglossal shortens 2 4

longitudinal epiglottis, tongue artery, nerve tongue,
from tonsilar [CNXII] turns tip
median branch of upward,
fibrous facial turns
septum artery, lateral
ascending margins
pharyngeal upward

transversus median sides of artery narrows 2 4

fibrous tongue tongue
septum with no
elongation

inferior root of apex of shortens 2 4

longitudinal tongue tongue tongue,
retracts,
pulls tip
downward

verticalis dorsum inferior 2 4

of tongue surface
borders
of
tongue
Soft palate

Numb
occurr
in
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
stand
hum
bo

tensor veli medial palatine medial tenses

palatini pterygoid aponeurosis pterygoid soft palate,
plate of nerve from aids in
sphenoid mandibular swallowing
bone nerve
[CNV3]

temporal
levator veli bone, facial elevates
palatini Eustachian artery pharyngeal soft palate
tube plexus of

palatoglossus palatine tongue vagus aids in 2

aponeurosis nerve breathing
[CNX] by raising
back part
of tongue

palatopharyngeus palatine upper facial pharyngeal aids in 2

aponeurosis border of artery branch of breathing
and hard thyroid vagus by pulling
palate cartilage nerve pharynx
(blends with [CNX] and larynx
constrictor
fibers)

palatine uvula hard palate soft tissue moves and 2

of uvula changes
shape of
uvula
Pharynx

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve A

stylopharyngeus styloid process of thyroid cartilage pharyngeal glossopharyngeal elev

temporal bone (pharynx) branches nerve [CNIX] laryn
of elev
ascending phar
pharyngeal swa
artery

salpingopharyngeus cartilage of posterior vagus nerve raise

Eustachian tube fasciculus of [CNX], accessory naso
pharyngopalatinus nerve [CNXI]

Pharyngeal muscles

inferior cricoid cartilage, pharyngeal raphe pharyngeal external laryngeal swa

thyroid cartilage branches branch of
of superior
ascending laryngeal nerve
pharyngeal and recurrent
artery laryngeal nerve
from vagus nerve
[CNX]

middle hyoid bone pharyngeal

superior medial pterygoid pharyngeal raphe, ascending plexus of vagus

nerve [CNX]
plate, pharyngeal pharyngeal
pterygomandibular tubercle artery,
raphé, alveolar tonsilar
process branch of
facial
artery
Larynx

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

cricothyroid anterior inferior cricothyroid external tenses and 2

and cornu branch of laryngeal elongates
lateral and superior branch vocal folds
cricoid lamina thyroid of (has minor
cartilage of artery superior adductory
thyroid laryngeal effect)
cartilage nerve
from
vagus
nerve
[CNX]

arytenoid(transverse arytenoid arytenoid superior recurrent approximates 2

and oblique) cartilage cartilage laryngeal laryngeal arytenoid
on one on branch of nerve cartilages
side opposite superior from (closes rima
side thyroid vagus glottidis)
artery nerve

thyroarytenoid inner anterior [CNX] thickens and 2

(anterior) surface decreases
surface of length of
of arytenoid vocal folds,
thyroid cartilage adducts
cartilage during
speech
Cricoarytenoid muscles

posterior posterior muscular recurrent abducts and lateral 2

part of process laryngeal laterally cricoarytenoid
cricoid of nerve rotates
cartilage arytenoid from cartilage,
cartilage vagus pulling vocal
nerve ligaments
[CNX] away from
midline and
forward and
so opening
rima glottidis

lateral lateral adducts and posterior 2

part of medially cricoarytenoid
arch of rotates
cricoid cartilage,
cartilage pulling vocal
ligaments
towards
midline and
backwards
and so
closing rima
glottidis
Neck

Clavicular

N
oc

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

platysma base of inferior branches of cervical tenses masseter, 2

mandible clavicle submental branch of skin of temporalis
and artery, facial neck
fascia of branches of nerve
chest suprascapular [CNVII]
artery

sternocleidomastoid sternal mastoid occipital motor: acting 2 65

head: process artery, accessory alone: tilts
manubrium of superior nerve head to its
sterni temporal thyroid artery sensory: own side,
bone, cervical rotates
clavicular
superior plexus head so
head:
nuchal face is
medial
line turned
portion of
towards
clavicle
opposite
side

acting
together:
flexes
neck,
raises
sternum,
assists in
forced
inspiration
||
Suprahyoid

Number
occurren
in a
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standar
human
body

digastric anterior intermediate anterior anterior opens jaw ???

belly: tendon belly: belly: when
digastric (lesser horn submental mandibular masseter
fossa of hyoid branch of nerve and
(mandible) bone) facial [CNV3] via temporalis
artery mylohyoid are relaxed
posterior
nerve
belly: posterior
mastoid belly: posterior
process of occipital belly: facial
temporal artery nerve
bone [CNVII]

stylohyoid styloid greater horn occipital facial nerve elevates ???

process of of hyoid artery [CNVII] hyoid
temporal bone during
bone swallowing

mylohyoid mylohyoid pharyngeal mylohyoid mylohyoid raises oral ???

line of raphe branch of nerve, from cavity
mandible inferior inferior floor,
alveolar alveolar elevates
artery branch of hyoid,
mandibular depresses
nerve mandible
[CNV3]
geniohyoid mandibular anterior C1 via elevates ???
symphysis surface of hypoglossal hyoid and
body of nerve tongue
hyoid bone upward
during
swallowing

Infrahyoid

Number of
occurrences
in a wik
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard nr
human
body

sternohyoid manubrium hyoid superior ansa depresses ??? 70

of sternum bone thyroid cervicalis hyoid

sternothyroid thyroid artery depresses ??? 71

cartilage larynx,
may
slightly
depress
hyoid

thyrohyoid thyroid hyoid C1 depress ??? 72

cartilage bone hyoid

omohyoid upper inferior ansa depresses ??? 73

border of thyroid cervicalis larynx,
scapula artery depresses
and
moves to
side hyoid
Neck

Anterior

Number of
occurrences
in a wiki
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard nr.
human
body

longus transverse anterior ascending C2, C3, flexes ??? 74

colli processes arch of pharyngeal C4, C5, neck and
of atlas artery, C6 head
vertebrae vertebral
C3, C4, C5, artery
and C6

longus anterior basilar C1, C2, flexes ??? 75

capitis tubercles part of C3/C4 neck at
of occipital atlanto-
transverse bone occipital
processes joint
of
vertebrae
C3, C4, C5,
and C6

rectus atlas occipital C1 ??? 76

capitis bone
anterior

rectus upper under sidebens ??? 77

capitis surface of surface at atlanto-
lateralis transverse of jugular
process of process occipital
atlas of joint
occipital
bone
Lateral

Number of
occurrences
in a w
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard
human
body

scalene cervical first and ascending cervical elevates ??? 7

vertebrae second cervical nerves (C3, first rib
ribs artery C4, C5, C6, and
from C7) second
inferior rib

anterior C3-C6 first rib thyroid ventral when ??? 7

artery ramus of neck is
C5, C6 fixed,
elevates
first rib to
aid in
breathing;
when rib
is fixed,
bends
neck
forward
and
sideways
and
rotates it
to
opposite
side
 medius C2-C6 ventral rami elevates ??? 8
of third to first rib,
eighth rotates
cervical neck to
spinal opposite
nerves side

posterior transverse second ascending C6, C7, C8 elevates ??? 8

processes rib cervical second
of C4 – artery, rib, tilts
C6 superficial neck to
cervical same
artery side

levator posterior superior dorsal cervical elevates serratus ??? 8

scapulae tubercles part of scapular nerve (C3, scapula, anterior
of medial artery C4) and tilts
transverse border dorsal glenoid
processes of scapular cavity
of C1 – scapula nerve (C5) inferiorly
C4 by
rotating
scapula

rectus upper under C1 laterally ??? 8

capitis surface of surface flexes
lateralis transverse of neck,
process jugular stabilises
of atlas process atlanto-
(C1) of occipital
occipital joint
bone

obliquus lateral lateral suboccipital flexes ??? 8

capitis mass of half of nerve head to
superior atlas inferior same
nuchal side
line
obliquus spinous lateral rotates ??? 8
capitis process mass of neck
inferior of axis atlas
Posterior

Number of
occurrences
in a w
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
standard
human
body

rectus tubercle medial a branch of sensory ??? 8

capitis on part of dorsal organ for
posterior posterior inferior primary neck
minor arch of nuchal division of position,
atlas (C1) line of suboccipital also
occipital nerve extends
bone head at
and neck
surface
between
it and
foramen
magnum

rectus spinous inferior occipital dorsal rotates ??? 8

capitis process nucheal artery ramus of C1 and
posterior of axis line of (suboccipital extends
major (C2) occipital nerve) head to
bone same
side

semispinalis articular occipital greater extends ??? 8

capitis processes bone occipital head
of C4-C6; between nerve
transverse superior
processes and
inferior
 of C7 and nuchal
T1-T7 lines

longissimus articular posterior lateral posterior laterally: ??? 8

capitis processes margin sacral branch of flexes
of C4-C7; of artery spinal nerve head and
transverse mastoid neck to
processes process same
of T1-T5 side

bilaterally:
extends
vertebral
column

splenius nuchal mastoid C3, C4 extends, ??? 9

capitis ligament, process rotates,
spinous and
processes laterally
of C7-T6 flex head

obliquus lateral lateral suboccipital flexes ??? 9

capitis mass of half of nerve head to
superior atlas inferior same
nuchal side
line

obliquus spinous lateral rotates ??? 9

capitis process mass of neck
inferior of axis atlas
Torso

Abdomen

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

rectus pubic xiphoid inferior intercostal flexes trunk, erector

abdominis symphysis, process, epigastric nerves, compresses spinae
pubic crest costal artery, subcostal abdominal
cartilages superior nerve organs, aids
of ribs 5-7 epigastric in expiration
artery;
contributions
from
posterior
intercostal
arteries,
subcostal
arteries, and
deep
circumflex
arteries

external external linea alba, lower motor: bilateral:

oblique surfaces of pubic posterior intercostal flexes trunk,
ribs 5-12 tubercle, intercostal nerves (T7- expiration,
anterior half arteries, T11), compresses
of iliac crest subcostal subcostal
 artery, deep nerve sensory: abdominal
circumflex iliohypogastric organs
iliac artery nerve
unilateral:
flexes trunk
to same
side, rotates
trunk to
opposite
side

internal anterior two- inferior lower intercostal bilateral:

oblique thirds of iliac borders of posterior nerves (T7- flexes trunk,
crest, ribs 10–12, intercostal T11), expiration,
iliopectineal pubic crest arteries, subcostal compresses
arch, subcostal nerve, abdominal
thoracolumbar artery, iliohypogastric organs
fascia superior nerve,
unilateral:
epigastric ilioinguinal
flexes trunk
artery, nerve
to same
inferior
side, rotates
epigastric
trunk to
artery,
opposite
superficial
side
circumflex
iliac artery,
deep
circumflex
iliac artery,
posterior
lumbar
arteries

transversus internal linea alba, lower intercostal bilateral:

abdominis surface of aponeurosis posterior nerves T7- compresses
costal of internal intercostal T11, abdominal
cartilage of oblique arteries, subcostal
 ribs 7–12, muscle, subcostal nerve, organs,
thoracolumbar pubic crest artery, iliohypogastric expiration
fascia, superior nerve,
unilateral:
anterior two- epigastric ilioinguinal
rotates
thirds of iliac artery, nerve
trunk to
crest, inferior
same side
iliopectineal epigastric
arch artery,
superficial
circumflex
iliac artery,
deep
circumflex
iliac artery,
posterior
lumbar
arteries

pyramidalis pubic linea alba inferior subcostal tenses linea

symphysis, epigastric nerve alba
pubic crest artery

quadratus iliac crest, inferior lumbar, subcostal bilateral:

lumborum iliolumbar border of rib median nerve, anterior fixes rib 12
ligament 12, sacral, rami of spinal during
transverse iliolumbar, nerves L1-L4 inspiration,
processes subcostal extends
of L1-L4 arteries trunk

unilateral:
flexes trunk
to same
side
Back

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Ant

erector spinae spinous both spines of lateral posterior bilateral: rect

processes of most cranial sacral branch of extends abd
last four thoracic artery spinal nerve vertebral
thoracic vertebrae and column
vertebrae cervical
unilateral:
vertebrae
laterally
iliocostalis sacrum, iliac ribs flexes
crest, vertebral
thoracolumbar column to
fascia, same side
spinous
processes

longissimus transverse transverse

process process

spinalis spinous spinous

process process

latissimus dorsi spinous floor of subscapular thoracodorsal pulls delt

processes of intertubercular artery, nerve forelimb trap
thoracic T6- groove of dorsal dorsally
T12, humerus scapular and
thoracolumbar artery caudally
fascia, iliac
crest and
 inferior 3 or 4
ribs

transversospinales transverse spinous posterior bilateral:

process process branches of extends
spinal nerve vertebral
column

unilateral:
rotates
vertebral
column

semispinalis transverse spinous

thoracis processes of processes of
(dorsi) sixth to tenth upper four
thoracic thoracic
vertebrae vertebrae and
lower two
cervical
vertebrae

semispinalis transverse cervical

cervicis processes of spinous
(colli) upper five or processes,
six thoracic from axis to
vertebrae fifth

semispinalis transversal area between greater extends

capitis process of superior occipital head
(complexus) lower cervical nuchal line nerve
and higher and inferior
thoracal nuchal line
columna

multifidus sacrum, spinous posterior stabilizes

erector spinae process branch of vertebrae in
aponeurosis, spinal nerve local
movements
 PSIS, and iliac of vertebral
crest column

rotatores transverse posterior

process branch

interspinales spinous posterior extends,

process rami of spinal flexes, and
nerves rotates
vertebral
column

intertransversarii transverse transverse laterally

process process above flexes trunk

splenius

capitis nuchal mastoid C3, C4 extends,

ligament, process of rotates, and
spinous temporal laterally
process of C7- bone, occipital flexes head
T6 bone

cervicis spinous transverse C5, C6

processes of processes of
T3-T6 C1, C2, C3
Chest

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antago

intercostals ribs 1–11 ribs 2–12 intercostal arteries intercostal

external inferior border superior nerves inhalation interna

internal of rib (above) border of rib holds ribs externa

(below) steady

innermost elevates
ribs,
expiration

subcostales inner surface of inner

one rib surface of
second or
third rib
above, near
its angle

transversus costal ribs/costal depresses

thoracis cartilages of cartilages ribs
last 3–4 ribs, 2–6
body of
sternum,
xiphoid process

levatores transverse superior dorsal assists in

costarum processes of surfaces of rami – C8, elevation
C7 to T12 ribs T1, T2, T3, of
vertebrae immediately T4, T5, T6, thoracic
inferior to T7, T8, T9, rib cage
preceding T10, T11
vertebrae

Serratus posterior muscles

 inferior vertebrae T11 – inferior intercostal arteries intercostal depresses
L3 borders of nerves lower ribs,
9th through aiding in
12th ribs expiration

superior nuchal ligament upper 2nd elevates

(or ligamentum borders of through ribs,
nuchae) and 2nd through 5th aiding in
spinous 5th ribs intercostal inspiration
processes of nerves
vertebrae C7
through T3

diaphragm septum pericardiacophrenic phrenic breathing

transversum, artery, and lower
pleuroperitoneal musculophrenic intercostal
folds, inner artery, inferior nerves
abdominal wall phrenic arteries
Pelvis

w
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
n

coccygeus sacrospinous coccyx sacral closes 12

ligament nerves: S4, back part
S5 or S3-S4 of pelvic
outlet

Levator ani 12

iliococcygeus ischial spine, coccyx and inferior levator ani supports 12

posterior anococcygeal gluteal nerve (S4) organs in
part of raphe artery inferior pelvic
tendinous rectal cavity
arch of pelvic nerve
fascia from
pudendal
pubococcygeus back surface coccyx and controls 12
nerve (S3,
of pubis, sacrum urine flow,
S4)
anterior part contracts
of obturator coccygeal during
fascia plexus orgasm

puborectalis lower part of - S3, S4. inhibits 12

pubic levator ani defecation
symphysis nerve
Perineum

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
n

Sphincter ani

externus - - inferior S4 and keeps anal canal - 12

rectal twigs and anus closed,
artery from aids in expulsion
inferior of feces
anal
nerves
of
pudendal
nerve

internus - - pudendal - 13
nerve

Superficial perineal pouch

superficial anterior central perineal pudendal constricts 13

transverse perineal surface of point of artery nerve urethra
muscle ischial perineum (maintains
tuberosity urinary
continence),
constricts vagina
(women)

bulbospongiosus perineal - empties urethra 13

raphe (men)

clenches vagina
(women)

ischiocavernosus ischial crus of assists 13

tuberosity penis bulbospongiosus
(men)
 crus of
clitoris
(women)

Deep perineal pouch

deep transverse inferior its fellow pudendal constricts 13

perineal muscle ramus of of nerve urethra
ischium opposite (maintains
side urinary
continence),
constricts vagina
(women)

sphincter junction of perineal constricts 13

urethrae inferior branch urethra,
membranaceae rami of of maintains
pubis and pudendal urinary
ischium nerve continence
about 1.25 (S2, S3,
– 2 cm, and S4)
from
neighboring
fascia
Upper limb

Vertebral column

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

trapezius down midline, at shoulders, transverse motor: retracts serratus 1

external lateral third of cervical accessory and anterior
occipital clavicle, artery nerve [CNXI] elevates
protuberance, acromion of scapula
sensory:
nuchal scapula, spine
cervical
ligament, of scapula
nerves C3
medial part of
and C4
superior
nuchal line,
spinous
processes of
vertebrae C7-
T12

latissimus spinous floor of subscapular thoracodorsal pulls deltoid, 1

dorsi processes of intertubercular artery, nerve forelimb trapezius
thoracic T6- groove of dorsal dorsally
T12, humerus scapular and
thoracolumbar artery caudally
fascia, iliac
crest and
inferior 3 or 4
ribs

rhomboids nuchal medial border dorsal dorsal retracts serratus 1

ligaments, of scapula scapular scapular scapula anterior
 spinous artery nerve (C4 and and
processes of C5) rotates
C7-T5 it to
vertebrae depress

rhomboid spinous medial border glenoid 1

major processes of of scapula, cavity,
fixes
T2 to T5 inferior to
vertebrae insertion of scapula
to
rhomboid
minor thoracic
wall
rhomboid nuchal medial border 1
minor ligaments and of scapula,
spinous superior to
processes of insertion of
C7- to T1 rhomboid
vertebrae major

levator posterior superior part cervical nerve elevates 1

scapulae tubercles of of medial (C3, C4) and scapula,
transverse border of dorsal tilts
processes of scapula scapular glenoid
C1 – C4 nerve (C5) cavity
vertebrae inferiorly
by
rotating
scapula
Thoracic walls

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagon

pectoralis clavicular intertubercular pectoral branch of lateral adducts and

major head: groove of thoracoacromial pectoral medially
anterior humerus artery nerve, rotates
surface of medial humerus,
medial half pectoral draws
of clavicle nerve scapula
sternocostal clavicular anteriorly
head: head: C5 and
anterior and C6 inferiorly
surface of sternocostal clavicular
sternum, head: C7, C8 head: flexes
superior six and T1 humerus
costal sternocostal
cartilages head:
extends
humerus

pectoralis 3rd to 5th medial border medial stabilizes

minor ribs, near and superior pectoral scapula by
their costal surface of nerve (C8, drawing it
cartilages coracoid T1) inferiorly
process of and
scapula anteriorly
against
thoracic
wall

subclavius first rib subclavian thoracoacromial subclavian depresses

groove of artery, clavicular nerve clavicle
clavicle branch
serratus fleshy slips costal surface upper part: lateral long protracts rhomboi
anterior from outer of medial thoracic artery thoracic and major,
surface of margin of nerve (from stabilises rhomboi
lower
upper 8 or 9 scapula roots of scapula, minor,
part:thoracodorsal
ribs brachial assists in trapeziu
artery
plexus C5, upward
C6, C7) rotation
Shoulder

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antago

deltoid clavicle, deltoid primarily axillary nerve abducts, latissimu

acromion, tuberosity of posterior flexes, dorsi
spine of humerus circumflex and
scapula humeral extends
artery shoulder

teres major posterior medial lip of subscapular lower internally

surface of intertubercular artery, subscapular rotates
inferior angle sulcus of circumflex nerve humerus
of scapula humerus scapular (segmental
artery levels C5 and
C6)

Rotator cuff

supraspinatus supraspinous superior facet suprascapular suprascapular abducts infraspina

fossa of of greater artery nerve and teres min
scapula tubercle of stabilises pectoralis
humerus humerus major,
latissimu
dorsi

infraspinatus infraspinous middle facet suprascapular laterally subscapu

fossa of of greater artery, rotates, pectoralis
scapula tubercle of circumflex adducts, major,
humerus scapular and latissimu
artery stabilises dorsi
humerus

teres minor lateral border inferior facet posterior axillary nerve laterally subscapu
of scapula of greater circumflex rotates pectoralis
tubercle of humeral and major,
humerus artery,
 circumflex adducts latissimu
scapular humerus dorsi
artery

subscapularis subscapular lesser subscapular upper medially infraspina

fossa of tubercle of artery subscapular rotates teres min
scapula humerus nerve, lower humerus,
subscapular stabilizes
nerve (C5, C6) shoulder

Arm

Anterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonis

coracobrachialis coracoid medial brachial musculocutaneous flexes

process of surface of artery nerve and
scapula humerus adducts
shoulder

biceps brachii short head: radial musculocutaneous flexes triceps

coracoid tuberosity, nerve (lateral cord: elbow, brachii
process of bicipital C5, C6, C7) supinates
scapula aponeurosis forearm
long head:
supraglenoid
tubercle

brachialis anterior coronoid radial musculocutaneous flexes

surface of process of recurrent nerve elbow
humerus ulna, artery
(mainly tuberosity
distal half) of ulna
Posterior compartment

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

triceps long head: olecranon of deep artery radial extends biceps 155
brachii infraglenoid ulna of arm nerve forearm brachii,
tubercle of brachialis
long head:
scapula
adducts
lateral head:
shoulder
posterior
medial head:
humerus
does not
(above radial
function at
sulcus)
shoulder
medial head:
posterior
humerus -
(below radial
sulcus)

anconeus lateral lateral deep artery radial partly blended 156

epicondyle surface of of arm, nerve with triceps,
of humerus olecranon, interosseous (C7, C8, extends
superior recurrent and T1) forearm,
part of artery stabilises
posterior elbow,
ulna abducts ulna
during
pronation
Forearm

Anterior compartment

Superficial

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

pronator humeral pronator ulnar median pronates supinator 157

teres head: tuberosity of artery, nerve forearm, flexes
medial radius radial elbow
epicondyle artery
of humerus
(common
flexor
tendon)
ulnar head:
coronoid
process of
ulna

flexor carpi medial bases of radial flexes and extensor 158

radialis epicondyle second artery abducts wrist carpi
of humerus metacarpal, radialis
(common base of third brevis,
flexor metacarpal extensor
tendon) carpi
radialis
longus
palmaris palmar ulnar flexes wrist extensor 159
longus aponeurosis artery carpi
radialis
brevis,
extensor
carpi
radialis
longus,
extensor
carpi
ulnaris

flexor carpi pisiform, muscular flexes and extensor 160

ulnaris hook of branches adducts wrist carpi
hamate, of ulnar ulnaris
base of fifth nerve
metacarpal

flexor medial bases of median flexes fingers extensor 161

digitorum epicondyle middle nerve (primarily at digitorum
superficialis of humerus phalanges 2, proximal
(common 3, 4, and 5 interphalangeal
flexor joints)
tendon),
parts of
radius and
ulna
Deep

wiki
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

pronator medial lateral anterior anterior weakly supinator 162

quadratus anterior anterior interosseous interosseous pronates
surface of surface of artery nerve forearm
ulna radius (median
nerve)

flexor ulna distal lateral belly: flexes wrist, extensor 163

digitorum phalanges anterior flexes digitorum
profundus interosseous interphalangeal
nerve joints
(median
nerve)

medial belly:
muscular
branches of
ulnar nerve

flexor middle half base of anterior flexes thumb extensor 164

pollicis of volar distal interosseous pollicis
longus surface of phalanx nerve longus,
radius, of thumb (median extensor
interosseus nerve) (C8, pollicis
membrane T1) brevis
Posterior compartment

Superficial

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonis

extensor lateral 2nd–5th posterior posterior extends flexor

digitorum epicondyle of phalanges interosseous interosseous hand, digitorum
humerus artery nerve (C7, extends superficiali
(common C8) fingers flexor
extensor digitorum
tendon) profundus

extensor digiti anterior extensor extends flexor digiti

minimi surface of expansion, little minimi
lateral located at finger at brevis
epicondyle of base of all joints
humerus proximal
(common phalanx on
extensor dorsal side
tendon)

extensor carpi lateral 5th ulnar artery extends flexor carp

ulnaris epicondyle of metacarpal and ulnaris
humerus adducts
(common wrist
extensor
tendon), ulna

Mobile wad

brachioradialis lateral radial radial radial nerve flexes

supracondylar styloid recurrent forearm,
ridge of process artery pronates
humerus forearm
 (distal when
radius) supine,
supinates
forearm
when
prone

extensor carpi 2nd radial artery extends flexor carp

radialis longus metacarpal wrist radialis

extensor carpi anterior base of 3rd posterior joint,

radialis brevis surface of metacarpal interosseus abducts

hand at
lateral nerve
epicondyle of wrist

humerus
(common
extensor
tendon)
Deep

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antag

supinator lateral lateral radial posterior supinates forearm prona

epicondyle proximal recurrent interosseus teres,
of humerus, shaft of artery nerve (C7, prona
supinator radius C8) quad
crest of ulna,
radial
collateral
ligament,
annular
ligament

extensor ulna index extends index finger,

indicis finger wrist
(extensor
hood)

Anatomical snuff box

abductor ulna first posterior posterior abducts and extends adduc

pollicis metacarpal interosseous interosseous thumb pollic
longus artery nerve (C7,
C8)
extensor radius, proximal extends thumb at flexor
pollicis interosseous phalanx of metacarpophalangeal pollic
brevis membrane thumb joint longu
of forearm flexor
pollic
extensor ulna, distal extends thumb
pollicis interosseous phalanx of (metacarpophalangeal brevis
longus membrane thumb and interphalangeal)
of forearm
Hand

Lateral volar

Thenar

wiki
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

opponens trapezium, metacarpal superficial median opposes thumb 176

pollicis transverse bone of palmar nerve
carpal thumb on its arch
ligament radial side

flexor trapezoid, thumb, median flexes thumb extensor 177

pollicis flexor proximal nerve, pollicis
brevis retinaculum phalanx deep longus,
branch extensor
of ulnar pollicis
nerve brevis
(medial
head)

abductor flexor radial base median abducts thumb adductor 178

pollicis retinaculum of proximal nerve pollicis
brevis of hand, phalanx of
scaphoid thumb and
and thumb
trapezium extensors

adductor transverse medial side deep deep adducts thumb abductor 179
pollicis head: of base of palmar branch at pollicis
anterior body proximal arch of ulnar longus,
of third phalanx of nerve carpometacarpal abductor
metacarpal thumb and (T1) joint pollicis
oblique ulnar brevis
head: bases sesamoid
of second
and third
metacarpals
and adjacent
trapezoid
and capitate
bones
Medial volar

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

palmaris flexor palm palmar superficial wrinkle skin 180

brevis retinaculum metacarpal branch of of palm
(medial), artery ulnar
palmar nerve
aponeurosis

hypothenar

abductor pisiform base of ulnar deep abducts little 181

digiti minimi proximal artery branch of finger
phalanx of ulnar
5th digit on nerve
ulnar or
medial side

flexor hamate little finger deep flexes little extensor 182

digiti minimi bone branch of finger digiti
brevis ulnar minimi
nerve

opponens hook of medial deep draws 5th 183

digiti minimi hamate, border of branch of metacarpal
flexor 5th ulnar anteriorly
retinaculum metacarpal nerve (C8 and rotates
and T1) it, bringing
little finger
(5th digit)
into
opposition
with thumb
Intermediate

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

lumbrical flexor extensor superficial deep flex 184

digitorum expansion palmar branch metacarpophalangeal
profundus arch, of joints, extend
common ulnar interphalangeal joints
palmar nerve,
digital median
arteries, nerve
deep
palmar
arch,
dorsal
digital
artery

dorsal metacarpals proximal dorsal deep abduct fingers palmar 185

interossei phalanges metacarpal branch interossei
artery, of
palmar ulnar
metacarpal nerve
artery

palmar palmar adduct fingers dorsal 186

interossei metacarpal interossei
artery
Lower limb

Iliac region

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

iliopsoas iliac fossa lesser medial femoral flexes hip gluteus 187
(iliacus), trochanter femoral nerve, (psoas maximus,
sacrum of femur circumflex lumbar major/minor, posterior
(iliacus), (psoas artery, nerves iliacus), spine compartment
spine (T12, major), iliolumbar L1, L2 rotation of thigh
L1, lumbar shaft below artery (psoas
vertebra, lesser major/minor)
psoas major, trochanter
psoas (iliacus),
minor)[6] tendon of
psoas major
& femur
(iliacus)[6]

psoas transverse lesser iliolumbar lumbar flexes and gluteus 188

major processes, trochanter artery plexus rotates maximus
bodies and of femur via laterally thigh
intervertebral anterior
discs of T12- branches
L5 vertebrae of L1, L2,
L3[7]

psoas side of Pectineal iliolumbar L1 weakly flexes 189

minor T11+L1 and line and artery, trunk flexor
IV iliopectineal lumbar
eminence arteries
 intervertebral
disc

iliacus iliac fossa lesser medial femoral flexes hip[8] 190

trochanter femoral nerve
of femur circumflex (L2, L3[7])
artery,
Iliolumbar
artery
Gluteal

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr

tensor iliac crest iliotibial tract primarily superior flexes 19

fasciae latae lateral gluteal thigh,
circumflex nerve (L4, medially
femoral L5) rotates
artery, thigh,
superior stabilises
gluteal torso
artery

gluteal

gluteus gluteal gluteal superior inferior externally Iliacus, 19

maximus surface of tuberosity of gluteal gluteal rotates psoas
ilium, lumbar femur, iliotibial artery, nerve (L5, and major,
fascia, tract inferior S1, S2 extends psoas
sacrum, gluteal nerve hip joint, minor
sacrotuberous artery roots) supports
ligament extended
knee
through
iliotibial
tract,
chief
antigravity
muscle in
sitting

gluteus gluteal greater superior superior abduction lateral 19

medius surface of trochanter of gluteal gluteal of hip; rotator
ilium, under femur artery nerve (L4, preventing group
L5, S1 adduction
 gluteus nerve of hip
maximus roots) Medial

gluteus gluteal rotation of 19

thigh
minimus surface of
ilium, under
gluteus
medius

lateral at or below on or near inferior obturator laterally gluteus 19

rotator acetabulum of greater gluteal nerve, rotates minimus,
group ilium trochanter of artery, piriformis hip gluteus
femur lateral nerve, medius
sacral nerve to
artery, quadratus
superior femoris
gluteal
piriformis sacrum greater piriformis laterally 19
trochanter artery nerve (S1 rotates
and S2 (outward)
nerve thigh
roots)[9]

obturator obturator medial surface obturator posterior adduct 19

externus foramen and of greater artery branch of thigh,
obturatory trochanter of obturator rotate
membrane femur nerve (L3, laterally
L4) thigh

superior ischial spine nerve to 19

gemellus obturator

obturator ischiopubic medial surface internus abducts & 19

(L5, S1,
internus ramus, of greater rotates
obturator trochanter of S2) laterally
membrane femur thigh,
stabilises
hip during
walking
 inferior ischial obturator nerve to laterally 20
gemellus tuberosity internus tendon quadratus rotates
femoris thigh

quadratus intertrochanteric inferior (L4, L5, 20

S1)
femoris crest gluteal
artery
Thigh

Anterior compartment

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

articularis femur suprapatellar femoral femoral pulls 202

genus bursa artery nerve suprapatellar
bursa during
extension of
knee

sartorius superior to medial side flexes, 203

anterior superior of upper tibia laterally
iliac spine in pes rotates, and
anserinus abducts thigh,
flexes and
medially
rotates leg

quadriceps combined patella and extends knee, hamstring 204

femoris rectus femoris tibial flexes hip
and vastus tuberosity via (rectus
muscles patellar femoris only)
tendon
rectus anterior inferior knee 205
femoris iliac spine and extension; hip
exterior surface flexion
of bony ridge
which forms
iliac portion of
acetabulum
 vastus greater extends knee 206
lateralis trochanter,
intertrochanteric
line, and linea
aspera of femur

vastus anterior surface 207

intermedius of femur

vastus anteromedial 208

medialis surface of
femur
Posterior compartment/hamstring

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

hamstring 209

biceps femoris long head: head of inferior long flexes 210

ischial fibula[10] gluteal head: knee
tuberosity articulating artery, medial joint,
with back perforating (tibial) laterally
short head:
of lateral arteries, part of rotates
linea aspera
tibial popliteal sciatic leg at
of femur[10]
condyle artery nerve knee
(when
short
knee is
head:
flexed),
lateral
extends
(common
hip joint quadriceps
fibular)
(long femoris
part of
head
sciatic
only)[10]
nerve[10]

semitendinosus ischial pes inferior sciatic flexes 211

tuberosity[10] anserinus gluteal nerve[10] knee,
artery, (tibial, L5, extends
perforating S1, S2) hip,
arteries medially

semimembranosus medial profunda sciatic rotates 212

leg at
surface of femoris, nerve[10]
tibia[10] gluteal knee[10]

artery
Medial compartment

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

adductor pubis femur, tibia obturator obturator nerve adducts gluteus 213
muscles of artery hip medius,
the hip gluteus
minimus
gracilis inferior tibia (pes anterior branch adducts 214
pubic anserinus) of obturator hip, flexes
ramus[11] nerve[11] hip,
medially
rotates
knee[11]

pectineus superior lesser femoral nerve flexes and 215

pubic trochanter, and obturator adducts
ramus[11] linea nerve (medial hip[11]
aspera compartment)[11]

adductor anterior lesser anterior branch adducts 216

brevis surface of trochanter of obturator hip[11]
inferior and linea nerve[11]
pubic aspera of
ramus[11] femur

adductor pubic middle adducts 217

longus body just third of and
below linea medially
pubic aspera rotates
crest hip[11]
[11]
adductor femur, posterior branch adducts 218
magnus adductor of obturator hip[11]
tubercle of nerve (adductor)
femur and tibial part of
sciatic nerve
(vertical
head)[11][12]
Leg

Anterior compartment

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

tibialis body of tibia medial anterior deep dorsiflexes fibularis 219

anterior cuneiform tibial fibular and inverts longus,
and first artery nerve foot gastrocnemius,
metatarsal soleus,
bones of plantaris,
foot tibialis
posterior

extensor middle dorsal side extends big flexor hallucis 220

hallucis portion of of base of toe, assists in longus, flexor
longus anterior distal dorsiflexion of hallucis brevis
surface of phalanx of foot at ankle,
fibula, hallux weakly inverts
anterior foot
surface of
interosseous
membrane

extensor lateral middle and extension of flexor 221

digitorum condyle of distal toes and ankle digitorum
longus tibia, superior phalanges longus, flexor
¾ of of lateral digitorum
interosseous four digits brevis
membrane

fibularis distal dorsal dorsi flexes 222

tertius anterior surface of and everts
foot
 surface of fifth
fibula metatarsal

Posterior compartment

Superficial

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagon

triceps surae achilles posterior tibial nerve plantarflexes

tendon, tibial ankle
calcaneus artery

gastrocnemius medial calcaneus sural tibial nerve plantarflexes tibialis

condyle and arteries from ankle, flexes anterior
lateral condyle sciatic knee (minor)
of femur nerve,
specifically,
nerve roots
S1, S2

soleus fibula, medial tendo tibial nerve, plantarflexes

border of tibia calcaneus specifically, ankle
(soleal line) nerve roots
L5–S2

plantaris lateral calcaneal tibial nerve plantarflexes

supracondylar tendon ankle, flexes
ridge of femur (medial side, knee
above lateral deep to
head of gastrocnemius
gastrocnemius tendon)
Deep

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

popliteus middle facet posterior popliteal tibial medially rotates 227

of lateral tibia under artery nerve and flexes knee
surface of tibial
lateral condyles
femoral
condyle

tarsal tunnel

flexor posterior base of fibular tibial flexes all joints extensor 228
hallucis surface of distal artery nerve, of big toe, hallucis
longus upper 1/3 of phalanx of (peroneal S1, S2 plantarflexes longus
fibula hallux branch of nerve ankle
posterior roots
tibial
artery

flexor medial tibia distal posterior tibial flexes toes extensor 229
digitorum phalanges of tibial nerve digitorum
longus lateral four artery longus,
digits extensor
digitorum
brevis

tibialis tibia, fibula navicular, inverts foot, tibialis 230

posterior medial plantarflexes anterior
cuneiform foot at ankle
Lateral compartment

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

fibularis fibula first fibular superficial plantarflexes tibialis 231

longus metatarsal, artery fibular and everts ankle anterior
medial nerve
cuneiform

fibularis fibula fifth fibular superficial plantarflexes tibialis 232

brevis metatarsal artery fibular and everts ankle posterior
nerve
Foot

Dorsal

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

extensor calcaneus toes deep fibular extends digits flexor 233

digitorum nerve 2, 3, and 4 digitorum
brevis longus,
flexor
digitorum
brevis

extensor base of deep fibular extends big flexor 234

hallucis proximal nerve toe hallucis
brevis phalanx of brevis
big toe

dorsal metatarsals proximal lateral abducts toes plantar 235

interossei phalanges plantar interossei
of foot nerve(fourth
interosseous
space:
superficial
branch
others: deep
branch), first
and second
interossei:
lateral
branch of
deep fibular
nerve
Plantar

First layer

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Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

abductor medial medial side medial abducts hallux adductor 236

hallucis process of of base of plantar hallucis
calcaneus, proximal nerve
flexor phalanx of
retinaculum, first digit
plantar
aponeurosis

flexor medial middle flexes lateral extensor 237

digitorum process of phalanges of four toes digitorum
brevis calcaneus, digits 2–5 longus,
plantar extensor
aponeurosis, digitorum
intermuscular brevis
septa

abductor plantar phalanges of lateral lateral flexes and flexor 238

digiti aponeurosis fifth toe plantar plantar abducts fifth digiti
minimi artery nerve toe minimi
(S1, S2) brevis
Second layer

Wiki
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

quadratus calcaneus tendons of lateral flexes distal 239

plantae flexor plantar interphalangeal
digitorum nerve (S1, joints (assists
longus S2) flexor digitorum
longus)

lumbricals tendons of medial lateral lateral maintain 240

flexor surface of plantar plantar extension of
digitorum extensor artery, nerve digits at
longus expansion plantar (lateral interphalangeal
of proximal arch, four three joints
phalanges plantar lumbricals)
of lateral metatarsal and medial
four toes arteries plantar
nerve (first
lumbrical)
Third layer

W
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

flexor plantar surface of medial head: medial medial flexes extensor 2

hallucis cuneiforms, plantar sesamoid bone of plantar big toe hallucis
brevis calcaneocuboid metatarsophalangeal nerve longus
ligament, long joint, proximal
plantar ligament phalanx of great toe

lateral head: lateral

sesamoid bone of
metatarsophalangeal
joint, proximal
phalanx of great toe

adductor oblique head: lateral side of base lateral adducts abductor 2

hallucis proximal ends of of proximal phalanx plantar big toe hallucis
middle 3 metatarsals of big toe, sesamoid nerve

transverse head:
metatarsophalangeal
joints, ligaments of
lateral 3 toes

flexor fifth metatarsal bone phalanx of fifth toe lateral extends abductor 2
digiti plantar and digiti
minimi nerve adducts minimi
brevis (superficial fifth toe
branch)
Fourth layer

Wiki
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist
nr.

plantar tendons of proximal phalanges plantar lateral adducts dorsal 244

interossei plantar III-V - muscles cross arch, plantar toes 3 - 5, interossei
Interossei the dorsal nerve strengthens
metatarsophalangeal metatarsal transverse
joint of toes III-V so artery arch
the insertions
correspond with the
origin and there is no
crossing between
toes

dorsal metatarsals proximal phalanges lateral abducts plantar 245

interossei plantar toes interossei
nerve
Innervation overview

Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation

Mind Map Showing a summary of Lower Limb Muscle innervation

See also
Accessory muscle

List of bones of the human skeleton

 List of nerves of the human body

Circulatory system

Blood vessel

References
1. Science Reference Section (19
November 2019). "What is the
strongest muscle in the human
body?" (https://www.loc.gov/item/wh
at-is-the-strongest-muscle-in-the-hum
an-body/) . Library of Congress.
Library of Congress. Retrieved
2021-05-01.
2. Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01).
"Current topics for teaching skeletal
muscle physiology". Advances in
Physiology Education. 27 (1–4): 171–
182. doi:10.1152/advan.00025.2003
(https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fadvan.00
025.2003) . ISSN 1043-4046 (https://
www.worldcat.org/issn/1043-4046) .
PMID 14627615 (https://pubmed.ncb
i.nlm.nih.gov/14627615) .
S2CID 14267377 (https://api.semanti
cscholar.org/CorpusID:14267377) .
3. John., Stewart, Gregory (2009).
"Chapter 8: Skeletal muscles" (http
s://books.google.com/books?id=eLD
PH0RcdgoC&q=600&pg=PA10) . The
skeletal and muscular systems. New
York: Chelsea House.
ISBN 9781604133653.
OCLC 277118444 (https://www.world
cat.org/oclc/277118444) .
4. de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge,
Hong-You; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars;
Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G.
(2011). "Chapter 32 - Referred pain
from muscle/myofascial trigger
points" (https://www.sciencedirect.co
m/science/article/pii/B97807020352
89000327) . Neck and Arm Pain
Syndromes. Churchill Livingstone.
pp. 404–418. doi:10.1016/B978-0-
7020-3528-9.00032-7 (https://doi.or
g/10.1016%2FB978-0-7020-3528-9.0
0032-7) . ISBN 978-0-7020-3528-9.
5. Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling
(2015). "Chapter 4 - Muscle Biopsy
for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and
Metabolic Diseases" (https://www.sci
encedirect.com/science/article/pii/B
9780124170445000044) .
Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy,
Childhood, and Adolescence
(2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 46–
65. ISBN 978-0-12-417044-5.

6. "Iliopsoas" (http://www.exrx.net/Mus
cles/Iliopsoas.html) . exrx.net.

7. Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L.

Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed.
2002. Page 193
 8. Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F.,
Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., &
Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy
Color Atlas and Text Book.
Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page
200

9. Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L.

Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed.
2002. Page 217

10. Gosling 2008, p. 273

11. Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266

12. MedicalMnemonics.com: 255 (http://

www.medicalmnemonics.com/cgi-bi
n/lookup.cfm?id1=255&id2=&id3=&id
4=)
General references
Gosling, J.A.; Harris, P.F.; Humpherson,
J.R.; Whitmore, I.; Willan, P.L.T. (2008).
Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and
Textbook. phot. by A.L. Bentley (5th ed.).
Philadelphia: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-
3451-1.

External links
LUMEN's Master Muscle List (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20061027222851/htt
p://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedE
d/GrossAnatomy/dissector/muscles/m
uscles.html) from
www.meddean.luc.edu
The Hosford Muscle Tables for the
Human Body (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20090930203009/http://www.ptcent
ral.com/muscles/) from PT Central

Lower Extremity Muscle Atlas (https://w

eb.archive.org/web/20061006060904/h
ttp://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas2/)
from rad.washington.edu

Tutorial and quizzes on skeletal

muscular anatomy (https://www.getbod
ysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/
menu.html)

Muscles of human body (https://web.arc

hive.org/web/20160303181318/http://h
ealthfavo.com/wp-content/uploads/201
 3/08/human-anatomy-muscle-diagram.j
pg) (also here (https://web.archive.org/
web/20140420061417/http://www.majo
rmusclegroups.com/wp-content/galler
y/muscle-groups-workout/Bodybuilders
_Anatomy_Chart-8inBIG1.jpg) )

Anatomy quiz (https://www.academic-q

uiz.org/)

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body
&oldid=1147666502"

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