Kami Export JOHN RAPHAEL VEJANO GHist Module 2 Unit 3 PDF

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Saint Louis University Revision No. 01

School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts Effectivity August 15, 2022
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Unit 3: Cry of Balintawak or Cry of Pugadlawin
Commemorative monument for the Cry of Pugad El Grito del Revolucion monument by sculptor Ramon
Lawin Source: Lazaro Martinez in 1911 to commemorate the Cry of
https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNzwvna Balintawak. It was relocated to UP Diliman in 1968. Source:
uPyDpJfOT-GouN-Mj6E8kFpLvBBKPtQu=w408-h306-k- https://files.pna.gov.ph/source/2018/11/28/balintawak-
no cry-monument-in-front-of-vinzons-hall-up-dil.jpg
Another controversy in Philippine history is the date and location of the start of the
Katipunan revolution. The term “Cry” was translated from the Spanish phrase “el grito de
rebellion” which means a call to revolt. In the Philippines, the phrase was used by Spanish
historian Manuel Sastron in his 1897 book entitled, La Insurreccion en Filipinas. Many
historical write-ups have often interchanged the two, the Cry of Balintawak and the Cry of
Pugad Lawin. Confusion may have risen from the interpretations of the locations although
both areas historically are located in Caloocan which had a wider area as a political unit
compared to what it is at present.
It was in 1908 that the Philippine Revolution against the Spaniards was first
commemorated. In 1911, a monument was erected (photo above) but later transferred
to UP Diliman in 1968 due to some roadwork in its former original location.
In the 60s, Historian Teodoro Agoncillo campaigned for the change in the site of the
Cry to Pugad Lawin and the date to August 23 1896 from August 26. As consequence,
President Diosdado Macapagal ordered the change and since then, this became the
prevailing view.
Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any
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Engage
Just to refresh our memory about the Philippine Revolution, Answer the following:
A. Match column A to B. Write your answer beside the number of the item in column A.
Column A Column B
____1. The leader of the 1896 revolutionary movement A. Andres Bonifacio

B. Cedula
____2. He is known to be the “Utak ng Katipunan” C. Emilio Aguinaldo
D. Emilio Jacinto
____3. What was the item ceremoniously torn by the E. Gregoria de Jesus
F. Melchora Aquino
katipuneros when they started the revolution? G. Spanish flag
____4. She was known as Tandang Sora
____5. He led the Cavite contingent of the Katipunan
Explore
Read the following selected accounts. There are other narratives about the same
event and you are free to examine them. The texts you are about read are selected for
purposes of showing that there is confusion on the date and place of the revolution
Highlight the text that pertains to the date, location, and the activities that mark
the start of the Philippine revolution against the Spaniards.
Pio Valenzuela’s Version of the “Cry”
Source: Pio Valenzuela in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources
of Philippine History, (vol. 8, pp. 301-302) (Collection of Accounts)
The first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio,
Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario, and myself was Balintawak, the first five arriving there
on August 19, and I, on August 20, 1896. The first place where some 500 members of the
Katipunan met on August 22, 1896, was the house and yard of Apolonio Samson at
Kangkong. Aside from the persons mentioned above, among those who were there were
Briccio Pantas, Alejandro Santiago, Ramon Bernardo, Apolonio Samson, and others. Here,
views were only exchanged, and no resolution was debated or adopted. It was at Pugad
Lawin, in the house, store-house, and yard of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino, where
over 1,000 members of the Katipunan met and carried out considerable debate and
discussion on August 23, 1896. The discussion was on whether or not the revolution
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against the Spanish government should be started on August 29, 1896. Only one man
protested and fought against a war, and that was Teodoro Plata [Bonifacio’s brother-in-law
– Z.] Besides the persons named above, among those present at this meeting were Enrique
Cipriano, Alfonso Pacheco, Tomas Remigio, Sinforoso San Pedro, and others. After the
tumultuous meeting, many of those present tore their cedula certificates and shouted “Long
live the Philippines! Long live the Philippines!”
Santiago Alvarez’ Version of the “Cry”
Source: Santiago Alvarez in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of
Philippine History, (vol. 8, p. 303) (Collection of Accounts)
Sunday, August 23, 1896

As early as 10 o’clock in the morning, at the barn of Kabesang Melchora Aquino –
Z.], at a place called Sampalukan, barrio of Bahay Toro, Katipuneros met together. About
500 of these arrived, ready and eager to join the “Supremo” Andres Bonifacio and his men
…
Monday, August 24, 1896
There were about 1,000 Katipuneros . . . . The “Supremo” decided to hold a meeting
inside the big barn. Under his leadership, the meeting began at 10 o’clock in the morning .
..
It was 12 o’clock noon when the meeting adjourned amidst loud cries of “Long live
the Sons of the Country” (Mabuhay ang mga Anak ng Bayan)!
Gregoria de Jesus’ Version of the “Cry”
Source: Gregoria de Jesus in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of
Philippine History, (vol. 8, p. 305) (Collection of Accounts)
The activities of the Katipunan had reached nearly all corners of the Philippine
Archipelago, so that when its existence was discovered and some of the members arrested,
we immediately returned to Caloocan. However, as we were closely watched by the agents
of the Spanish authorities, Andres Bonifacio and other katipuneros left the town after some
days. It was then that the uprising began, with the first cry for freedom on August 25, 1896.
Meanwhile, I was with my parents. Through my friends, I learned that the Spanish were
coming to arrest me. Immediately, I fled town at eleven o’clock at night, secretly going
through the ricefields to La Loma, with the intention of returning to Manila. I was treated
like an apparition, for, sad to say, in every house where I tried to get a little rest, I was
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driven away as if the people therein were frightened for their own lives. Later, I found out
that the occupants of the houses which I had visited were seized and severely punished -
and some even exiled. One of them was an uncle of mine whom I had visited on that night
to kiss his hand, and he died in exile.
Guillermo Masangkay’s Version of the “Cry”
Guillermo Masangkay in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of

Philippine History, (vol. 8, pp. 307-309) (Collection of Accounts)
On August 26th [1896 – Z.], a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of
Apolonio Samson, then the cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who attended,
I remember, were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas Remigio, Briccio
Pantas, Teodoro Plata, Pio Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco, and Francisco Carreon. They were
all leaders of the Katipunan and composed the board of directors of the organization.
Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan, Cavite, and Morong (now Rizal), were also present.
At about nine o’clock in the morning of August 26, the meeting was opened with
Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary. The purpose was to
discuss when the uprising was to take place. Teodoro Plata [Bonifacio’s brother-in-law –
Z.], Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela were all opposed to starting the revolution too early.
They reasoned that the people would be in distress if the revolution were started without
adequate preparation. Plata was very forceful in his argument, stating that the uprising
could not very well be started without arms and food for the soldiers. Valenzuela used
Rizal’s argument about the rich not siding with the Katipunan organization.
Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose in the discussion then, left the session
hall and talked to the people, who were waiting outside for the result of the meeting of the
leaders. He told the people that the leaders were arguing against starting the revolution
early, and appealed to them in a fiery speech in which he said: “You remember the fate of
our countrymen who were shot in Bagumbayan. Should we return now to the towns, the
Spaniards will only shoot us. Our organization has been discovered and we are all marked
men. If we don’t start the uprising, the Spaniards will get us anyway. What then, do you
say?”
“Revolt!” the people shouted as one.

Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge that they were to revolt. He told
them that the sign of slavery of the Filipinos were (sic) the cedula tax charged each citizen.
“If it is true that you are ready to revolt,” Bonifacio saved, “I want to see you destroy your
cedulas. It will be the sign that all of us have declared our severance from the Spaniards.”
With tears in their eyes, the people as one man pulled out their cedulas and tore
them to pieces. It was the beginning of the formal declaration of the separation from Spanish
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rule. With their cedulas destroyed, they could no longer go back to their homes because the
Spaniards would persecute them, it not for being katipuneros, for having no cedulas. And
people who had no cedulas during those days were severely punished.
When the people’s pledge was obtained by Bonifacio, he returned to the session hall
and informed the leaders of what took place outside. “The people want to revolt, and they
have destroyed their cedulas,” Bonifacio said. “So now we have to start the uprising;
otherwise the people by hundreds will be shot.” There was no alternative. The board of
directors, in spite of the protests of Plata, Pantaas, and Valenzuela, voted for the revolution.
And when this was decided, the people outside shouted: “Long live the Philippine Republic!”
I still remember Bonifacio as he appeared that day. Although a mere bodeguero

(warehouseman) and earning P25 (Mex.) a month, he was a cultured man. He always wore
an open coat, with black necktie, and black hat. He always carried an umbrella. At the
meeting that morning of August 26, Bonifacio took off his coat and was wearing only his
shirt, with collar and tie. Bonifacio’s hobby was weaving bamboo hats. During his spare
time he wove dozens of them and sold them in Manila. Thus he made extra money.
At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, while the gathering at Balintawak was

celebrating the decision of the Katipunan leaders to start the uprising, the guards who were
up in trees to watch for any possible intruders or the approach of the enemy, gave the
warning that the Spaniards were coming.
Led by Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other leaders of the Katipunan, the men were
distributed in strategic positions and were prepared for the attack of the civil guards. I was
with a group stationed on the bank of a small creek, guarding the places where the
Spaniards were to pass in order to reach the meeting place of the katipuneros. Shots were
then fired by the civil guards, and that was the beginning of the fire which later became
such a huge conflagration.
Explain
To provide more context to the accounts you examined, read the biographies of
their authors and write a brief description about each person and the role they played in
the revolution. You may refer to any Philippine history book or literature you have.
Pio Valenzuela
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Santiago Alvarez
Gregoria de Jesus
Guillermo Masangkay
Elaborate
As mentioned in the introduction, the prevailing belief at present is that the

Katipunan revolution started in August 26, 1898 at Pugadlawin. However references to the
August 23 date and the Balintawak location still linger because as with any other long-
standing debates on Historical events, there are those who have different beliefs and
different interpretations. What is most certain is the revolution started in August of 1896
somewhere in the vicinity of Caloocan.
After reflecting on the readings, answer the following questions:
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1. Although not mentioned in all of the accounts presented, One of the more dramatic
historical events was the tearing up of cedulas. Why did the Katipuneros tear their
cedulas? Your explanation should be based on the readings above.
2. For some, it may not make a big difference if the start of the revolution was August 23
or August 26, 1986; nor will it matter that much to know the exact spot where it
happened. However, historians and history enthusiasts will be among those who will keep
the debates alive. What do you think is the importance of historical accuracy?
References
Guerrero, M. et.al. (2003). In Focus: Balintawak: The Cry for a Nationwide Revolution
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/balintawak-the-cry-for-a-
nationwide-revolution/
Samonte, S. (2018). How the 1st Cry of Balintawak monument was moved to UP
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1055242

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COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014

Saint Louis University Revision No. 01

Unit 3: Cry of Balintawak or Cry of Pugadlawin

____1. The leader of the 1896 revolutionary movement A. Andres Bonifacio

____4. She was known as Tandang Sora

____5. He led the Cavite contingent of the Katipunan

Santiago Alvarez’ Version of the “Cry”

Sunday, August 23, 1896

Monday, August 24, 1896

Gregoria de Jesus’ Version of the “Cry”

Guillermo Masangkay’s Version of the “Cry”

Guillermo Masangkay in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of

“Revolt!” the people shouted as one.

I still remember Bonifacio as he appeared that day. Although a mere bodeguero

At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, while the gathering at Balintawak was

As mentioned in the introduction, the prevailing belief at present is that the

After reflecting on the readings, answer the following questions:

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