Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Carlos Hilado Memorial State College
Alijis Campus | Binalbagan Campus | Fortune Towne Campus | Talisay Campus

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030
(Good governance, Research-oriented, Extension-driven, Education for Sustainable Development &
Nation-building)
MODULE 2
DISCOURSING THE CONTENT AND CONTEXT OF SOME PRIMARY
SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
I. Lesson Objectives:
A. Analyze the context, content, and perspective of different kinds of primary
sources;
B. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in
understanding Philippine history;
C. Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.
II. Introduction:
This chapter looks at a number of primary sources from different historical
periods and evaluate these documents’ content in terms of historical value, and
examine the context of their production. These Primary sources range from chronicles,
official documents, speeches, and cartoons to visual arts. Needless to say, different
types of sources necessitate different kinds of analysis and contain different levels of
importance.
The table below is the matrix of the topics and readings to be analyzed in this
chapter.
TOPICS/READINGS DESCRIPTION
1. Antonio Pigafetta: First Voyage This book was taken from the chronicles of
Around the World contemporary voyagers and navigators of the
sixteenth century. One of them was Italian
nobleman Antonio Pigafetta who
accompanied Ferdinand Magellan in his
fateful circumnavigation of the world. It was
one of the most primary sources in the study
of precolonial Philippines.
2. Juan de Plasencia: Customs of the Juan de Plasencia was a Spanish friar for the
Tagalogs Franciscan order who was in the Philippines
for most of his missionary life. He wrote
several religious and linguistic books
including the Customs of the Tagalogs. Some
may know him for his work, Doctrina
Cristiana (Christian Doctrine) which was the
first book ever printed in the Philippines.
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elopment &
(Good governance, Research-orien ted, Extension-driven, Education for Sustainable Dev
The K Naattiiopnu-nbaunildiisnga)n organization that sprout
from the people and pushed for the genuine
3. Emilio Jacinto: Kartilya ng welfare of their rank. As a mass movement, it
Katipunan. represented the collective sentiments of the
people, their advocacy, grievance and
consciousness. To better understand the
people and society, it is best to decipher and
analyze the guiding philosophy of the
members. In this case, the Kartilya being the
primer of the Katipunan is a good source of
knowledge that can be utilized by scholars
and students of Philippine history, especially
on matters that concern the mass movement
and 1896 Revolution.
Between 1928 and 1946, Emilio Aguinaldo
4. Emilio Aguinaldo: Mga Gunita ng produced in long hand the first volume of his
Himagsikan memoirs “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan”
(1964). In his preface Aguinaldo says the
memoirs were based on a diary he kept,
documents he preserved, and family lore
gathered from his elders.
A short 2,000-word document, read during
5. Reading the “Proclamation of the the Declaration of Philippine Independence
Philippine Independence”. on June 12, 1898 in Kawit, Cavite which
summarized the reason behind the revolution
against Spain, the war for Independence, and
the future of the new Republic under Emilio
Aguinaldo.
6. A Glance at Selected Philippine Alfred McCoy, an American professor and
Political Caricature in Alfred historian together with Alfredo Roces made a
McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: compilation of political cartoons during the
Political Caricature of the American American Era. These cartoons totalling to
Era (1900-1941) 377, where in a book entitled, “Philippine
Cartoons: Political Caricature of the
American Era published in 1985. A few
selected ones depicting the Philippine society
during the American period are included in
this module as primary sources.
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III. TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Topic/Reading No. 1: Antonio Pigafetta: First Voyage Around the World

A. Engage: My Own Voyage.
1. Imagine you have the chance to explore places, what they will be? Draw your
route/ map on the box below. Then, name the places you landed in.
2. Briefly describe your journey.
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B. Explore
1. Read and analyze the brief summary of First Voyage Around the World by
Antonio Pigafetta. Activities are provided after.
Background of the Author

- Antonio Pigafetta was born sometime in the closing year
of the 15th century in Vicenza, a town about a hundred
kilometers west of Venice, Italy
- Studied astronomy, geography, and cartography and
served on board the ships of the Knights of Rhodes
during his younger age
- Admitted as one of the supernumeracies in the voyages
to the New World with Ferdinand Magellan and Juan
Sebastian Elcano which began in August 1519 and ended
in September 1522.
- He was among the 18 survivors who returned to Spain on
September 6, 1522 and he reported to his Majesty King
Carlos V and gave him a handwritten account of what
happened to them during the journey
First Voyage Around the World by Antonio Pigafetta
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1. What are the contributions of the document presented in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history?
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C. Explain
1. Explain the relevance of the document to the world and to the Philippines.
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D. Elaborate
1. Make a time line of the accounts of Antonio Pigafetta from the moment they landed
in Samar up until the death of Magellan. (Write your answer creatively in a long
bond paper).
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Topic / Reading No. 2: Juan de Plasencia: Customs of the Tagalogs

A. Engage: Picture Analysis
1. Analyze what the pictures are all about and write your analysis in 3-5 sentences. You
will be graded according to the rubric provided herein.
Criteria Awesome A Good Effort A Work in Progress Just Beginning
4 pts. 3 pts. 2 pts. 1 pt.
Objective Makes a complete and Makes a detailed Makes a detailed Descriptions are
detailed description of description of the most description of some of not detailed or
the subject matter and of the subject matter the subject matter complete.
/or elements seen in the and /or elements seen and/or elements seen
picture in the picture in the picture
Knowledge Provides a complete Provides a somewhat Provides some Summary is not
summary of the complete summary of summary about the detailed or
situation and time the situation and time situation and time complete.
period shown, and the period shown, and period shown, and the
people and objectives people and objects that people and objects that
that appear. appear. appear.
Interpretation Forms a reasonable Form somewhat Relates how the picture Finds it difficult to
hypothesis about what reasonable hypothesis makes him/her feel interpret the
is viewed in the about what is viewed in personally. meaning of the
pictures and is able to the picture and is able picture.
support this with to support this with
evidence from the some evidence from the
picture. picture.
Further Finds detailed Finds some Finds the time period Does not find any
Research information about the information about the for the picture. information about
time period and relates time period and relates the picture.
it to the picture. to the picture.
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B. Explore: Read the Customs of the Tagalogs by Juan De Plasencia.

Juan De Plasencia was a Spanish Friar for the Franciscan order who was in the
Philippines for most of his missionary life. Wrote several religious and linguistic
books including the Customs of the Tagalogs. Some may know him for his work,
Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine) which was the first book ever printed in the
Philippines. Born in the early 16th century as Juan Portocarrero in Plasencia, in the
region of Extremadura, Spain. Fray Juan de Plasencia came together with the first
batch of Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines. Wrote a number of books
designed primarily to promote the understanding of both the Spanish language
among the natives, and the local languages among the missionaries, to facilitate
the task of spreading Christianity. He died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590.
His book Customs of the Tagalogs describes the life of the Tagalogs as what he
observed during the Spanish time. His purpose was to put an end to some injustices
being committed against the natives by certain government officials.
Customs of the Tagalogs by Juan de Plasencia
Government
This people always had chiefs, called by them datos, who governed them and were captains
in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced. The subject who committed any
offense against them, or spoke but a word to their wives and children, was severely
punished. These chiefs ruled over but few people; sometimes many as a hundred houses,
sometimes even less than thirty. This tribal gathering is called in Tagalog a barangay.
Social Class
In addition to the chiefs, who corresponded to our knights, there were three castes: nobles,
commoners, and slaves. The nobles were the free-born whom they called maharlika. They
did not pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must accompany him in war, at their expense.
The commoners are called aliping namamahay. They are married, and serve their master,
whether he be a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the
beginning. They accompanied him whenever he went beyond the island, and rowed for
him. They live in their own houses, and are lords of their property and gold. Their children
inherit it, and enjoy their property and lands. The children, then, enjoy the rank of their
fathers, and they cannot be made slaves (sa guiguilir) nor can either parents or children be
sold.
The slaves are called aliping sa guiguilir. They serve their masters in his house and on his
cultivated lands, and may be sold. The master grants them, should he see fit, and providing
that he has profited through their industry, a portion of their harvests, so that they work
faithfully. For these reasons, servants who are born in the house of their masters are rarely,
if ever, sold. That is the lot of captives in war, and of those brought up in the harvest of
fields.
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Marriage
If two persons married, of whom one was a maharlika and the other a slave, whether
namamahay or sa guiguilir, the children were divided: the first, whether male or female,
belonged to the father, as did the third and fifth; the second, the fourth, and the sixth fell to
the mother, and so on. In this manner, if the father were free, all those who belonged to him
were free; if he were a slave, all those who belonged to him were slaves; and the same
applied to the mother. If there should not be more than one child he was half free and half
slave. The only question here concerned the division, whether the child were male or
female. Those who became slaves fell under the category of servitude which was their
parent’s, either namamahay or sa guiguilir. The maharlikas could not, after marriage, move
from one village to another, or from one barangay to another, without paying a certain fine
in gold, as arranged among them.
Inheritance
As for inheritances, the legitimate children of a father and mother inherited equally, except
in cases where the father and mother showed a slight partiality by such gifts as two or three
gold taels, or perhaps a jewel.
When the parents gave a dowry to any son, and when in order to marry him to a chief’s
daughter, the dowry was greater the sum given the other sons, the excess was not counted
in the whole property to be divided. In the case of a divorce before the birth of children, if
the wife left the husband for the purpose of marrying another, all her dowry and an equal
additional amount fell to the husband; but if she left him, and did not marry another, the
dowry was returned. When the husband left his wife, he lost the half of the dowry, and the
other half was returned to him. If he possessed children at the time of his divorce, the
whole dowry and the fine went to the children, and was held for them by their grandparents
or other responsible relatives.
Worship
They have the name SIMBAHAN, which means temple or place of adoration. They have
this worship called PANDOT, celebrated in the large house of the chief. A shed called sibi
was created temporarily for the purpose of sheltering the assembled people. The whole
barangay who were united and joined during the worship they called nag-aanito. Among
their many idols there was one called Badhala, whom they especially worshipped. The title
seems to signify “all powerful”, or “maker of all things”. They also worshipped the sun,
which, on account of its beauty is almost universally respected and honored by heathens.
They worshipped, too, the moon especially when it was new, at which they held great
rejoicing, adoring it and bidding it welcome.
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Distinctions among the Priests of the Devil

1. CATALONAN – either man or woman, of honorable one among the natives and could
be held by people of rank
2. MANGANGAUAY – also known as witches known to deceive or pretend to heal the
sick, if wishes to kill someone at once, they could; and they could prolong life for a
year by binding to the waist a live serpent.
3. MANYISALAT – same with mangangauay, had the power of applying remedies to
lovers that they would abandon their own wives, and prevent them in having sexual
intercourse with the latter. If the woman, constrained by these were abandoned, it
would bring sickness, would discharge blood and matter.
4. MANCOCOLAM – their duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or more
often each month. The fire emitted could not be extinguished.
5. HOCLOBAN – another kind of witch, but of greater efficacy than the mangangauay.
They could kill someone whom they chose by either by saluting or raising the hand.
They could heal those whom they made ill by using other charms.
6. SILAGAN - clothed in white who lives in the island of Catanduanes. They tear out
livers and eat those, causing death to the victim.
Manner of Burying the Dead
Deceased were buried beside the house. Dead chieftains were placed beneath the little
house or porch that was built for this purpose. Before interring him, tribes people mourns
the chief for four days then afterwards laid him in a boat that will serve as coffin or bier.
A guard was kept over him by a slave. If the deceased was a warrior, a living slave is tied
beneath him until the slave dies too. For many days the relatives of the deceased would
bewailed, singing dirges, and praising him for his good qualities until they got weary. This
is accompanied by eating and drinking also.
C. Explain: Make your own analysis of Juan de Plasencia’s “The Customs of the Tagalogs”.
Write your answer in a 1 whole yellow pad. (15 pts.). Refer to the rubric for Essays/ Analysis
in the scoring of your output.
D. Elaborate: In not more than 10 sentences, compare and contrast the customs of the Tagalogs
as taken into account by Juan de Plasencia to the present Filipino customs and practices. (15
pts.). Refer to the rubric for Essays/ Analysis in the scoring of your output.
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Rubric for Essay/ Analysis

Unsatisfactory Needs Satisfactory Outstanding
(2 pts.) Improvement (4 pts.) (5 pts.)
(3 pts.)
Content and -content is -Content is not -content is accurate -content is comprehensive ,
Development incomplete comprehensive or and persuasive accurate, and persuasive,
-major points are persuasive -major points are -major points are stated
not clear -major point are stated clearly and are well
-specific examples addressed but not -responses are supported
are not used well supported. adequate and address -responses are excellent,
topic timely and address topic
-content is clear -content is clear
-specific examples are -specific examples are used.
used
Organization Organization and -structure of the -structure is mostly -structure of the paper is
and structure detract paper is not easy to clear and easy to clear and easy to follow
Structure from the message follow follow -transitions are logical and
-transitions needs -transitions are present maintain the flow of thought
improvement -conclusion is logical throughout the paper
-conclusion is
missing, or if
provided, does not
flow from the body
of the paper.
Grammar, Paper contains -papers contain few -rules of grammar, Rules of grammar, usage
Punctuation numerous grammatical, usage and punctuation and punctuation are
and Spelling grammatical, punctuations and are followed with followed, spelling is correct.
punctuation and spelling errors. minor errors.
spelling errors. -spelling is correct.
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Topic/ Reading No. 3: Emilio Jacinto: Kartilya ng Katipunan
A. Engage: Spot the word. Direction: In the pool of letters below, look and encircle thirteen (13)
words formed either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. You will be encountering these
words/ terminologies in the preceding topic.
J X B O N I F A C I O S
A K I A A B C D O C L U
C A A E Y F G H D O A P
I R J T K A L M E N P R
N T I N I O N P V D A E
T I R Z S P T U W U T M
O L X Y A Z U A B C R O
X Y C D E L F N G T I T
Z A N A K N G B A Y A N
K A L A Y A A N Z N O N
B. Explore: Read and comprehend “Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan” by Emilio Jacinto.
ANG KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
As an organization, the Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) developed a set of

rule known as Kartilya, to introduce new recruits to the Katipunan to the set of principles
and values they have to observe as members. The Kartilya which was written by Emilio
Jacinto, served as a guiding philosophy to the members of the patriotic society. Although
the Supremo, Andres Bonifacio, had prepared his own version of rules to be followed by
the members, his respect and trust in Jacinto made him decide to use the Kartilya.
Jim Richardson (2013) published the Kartilya of Emilio Jacinto, the youngest member
of the Katipunan as its code of conduct. Jacinto joined the Katipunan in 1894 when he was
only nineteen years old. He was then a law student at University of Sto. Tomas. He
decided to forget his dream of becoming a lawyer when he committed himself to the
service of Katipunan. Aside from the Kartilya, he also wrote literary pieces. His most
famous literary piece was the La Patria. He served as an editor of the Kalayaan, the
revolutionary paper of the Katipunan. He contacted malaria and died on April 6, 1899 at
the age of 24, in Majayjay, Laguna leaving behind his wife Catalina de Jesus and his son
Emilio, Jr.
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1. Ang buhay na hindi ginugugol sa 7. Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon; ang
isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay ya-mang nawala'y mangyayaring mag-balik;
kahoy na walang lilim, kundi (man) ngunit panahong nagdaan na'y di na muli pang
damong makamandag. magda-daan.
2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat 8. Ipagtanggol moang inaapi; kabakahin
sa paghahambog o pagpipita sa sarili (laba-nan) ang umaapi.
(paghahangad na makasarili), at hindi 9. Ang taong matalino'y ang may pag-iingat sa
talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, bawat sasabihin; matutong ipaglihim ang dapat
ay di kabaitan. ipaglihim.
3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang 10. "Sa daang matinik ng buhay, lalaki ang
pagkaka-wang-gawa, ang pag-ibig sa siyang patnugot ng asawa at mga anak; kung
kapwa at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, ang uma-akay ay tungo sa sama, ang
gawa't pangungusap sa talagang pagtutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din."
katuwiran. 11. Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang
4. Maitim man o maputi ang kulay ng bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang
balat, lahat ng tao'y magkakapantay; at karamay (ng lalaki) sa mga kahirapan nitong
mang-yayaring ang isa'y hihigitan sa buhay; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang
dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda; ngunit di kanyang (pisikal na) kahinaan,at alalahanin ang
mahihigitan sa pagkatao. inang pinagbuhatan at nag-iwi sa iyong
5. Ang may mataas na kalooban, inuuna kasang-gulan.
ang (dangal o) puri kaysa pagpipita sa 12. Ang di mo ibig gawin (ng iba) sa asawa
sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban, mo, anak at kapatid, ay huwag mong gagawin
inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili sa puri. sa asawa, anak at kapatid ng iba.
6. Sa taong may hiya, salita'y 13. Ang kamahalan ng tao'y wala sa pagkahari,
panunumpa. wala sa tangos ng ilong at puti ng mukha,
walaNsaatiopna-gbkuailpdainrgin) g kahalili ng
Diyos, wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat
ng lupa: wagas at tunay na mahal na tao, kahit
laking-gubat at walang nababatid kundi ang
sariling wika, yaong may magandang asal, may
isang pangu-ngusap, may dangal at puri, yaong di
nagpa-paapi't di nakikiapi; yaong marunong mag-
dam-dam at marunong lumingap sa bayang
tinubuan."
14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito, at maning-ning
na sisikat ang araw ng mahal na kalayaan dito sa
kaaba- abang Sangkapuluan at sabugan ng
matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang mag-
kakalahi't magkakapatid, ng ligayang walang
kata-pusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagod, at
mga tiniis na kahirapa'y labis nang
matutumbasan.
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C. Explain: Choose at least 5 contents of the Kartilya and explain each. Write your
answers in a 1 whole yellow pad. 15 pts. Refer to the rubric.
D. Elaborate: What are the contributions of the Kartilya ng Katipunan to the
Philippine history and even the present situation of our country? Give at least five. 15
pts. Refer to the rubric.
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Rubric for Essay/ Analysis
Unsatisfactory Needs Satisfactory Outstanding
(2 pts.) Improvement (4 pts.) (5 pts.)
(3 pts.)
Content and -content is -Content is not -content is accurate -content is comprehensive ,
Development incomplete comprehensive or and persuasive accurate, and persuasive,
-major points are persuasive -major points are -major points are stated
not clear -major point are stated clearly and are well
-specific examples addressed but not -responses are supported
are not used well supported. adequate and address -responses are excellent,
topic timely and address topic
-content is clear -content is clear
-specific examples are -specific examples are used.
used
Organization Organization and -structure of the -structure is mostly -structure of the paper is
and structure detract paper is not easy to clear and easy to clear and easy to follow
Structure from the message follow follow -transitions are logical and
-transitions needs -transitions are present maintain the flow of thought
improvement -conclusion is logical throughout the paper
-conclusion is
missing, or if
provided, does not
flow from the body
of the paper.
Grammar, Paper contains -papers contain few -rules of grammar, Rules of grammar, usage
Punctuation numerous grammatical, usage and punctuation and punctuation are
and Spelling grammatical, punctuations and are followed with followed, spelling is correct.
punctuation and spelling errors. minor errors.
spelling errors. -spelling is correct.
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Topic/ Reading No. 4: Emilio Aguinaldo: Gunita ng Himagsikan

A. Engage
Direction: As a form of review, Write your idea about the following persons?
a. Andres Bonifacio:
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b. Jose Rizal:
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c. Emilio Aguinaldo:
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B. Explore
Direction: Read the Gunita ng Himagsikan by Emilio Aguinaldo or you may watch a
video about Gunita ng Himagsikan using the link below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNelXD6Km78
1. What do you think are the objectives of Aguinaldo in writing the Gunita ng
Himagsikan? Write your answer in 2-3 sentences.
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C. Explain: Emilio Aguinaldo: Gunita ng Himagsikan
EMILIO AGUINALDO
-Born in Kawit, Cavite, on March 22, 1869.
-Died at the age of 94, cause was coronary
thrombosis.
-Hounded by controversy to his deathbed, the
last issue that swirled around him was whether
he died a Catholic or not.
-Studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran but
wasn’t able to finish his studies due to
outbreak of cholera in 1882.
-Became the “Cabeza de Barangay” of
Binakayan, when he was 17 years old to avoid
conscription.
-In 1895, the Maura Law that called for the
reorganization of local governments was
enacted.
-At the age of 25, Aguinaldo became Cavite el
Viejo’s first “gobernadorcillo capitan
municipal” while on a business trip Mindoro.
IMPORTANT EVENTS
Philippine Revolution and battles
(Himagsikang Pilipino)
August 23, 1896 – August 13, 1898It was a
revolution and subsequent conflict fought
between the people and insurgence of the
Philippines and the Spanish colonial
authorities of the Spain East Indies under the
Spanish Empire.
The battle of Imus
The Siege of Imus was the first major of battle
of the Philippine revolution against the
Spanish colonial government province of
Cavite.
It was fought between September 1-3,1896
right after Bonifacio’s ill-fated attack on the
gunpowder magazine at the Battle of San Juan
del Monte in Manila.
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Twin battles of Binakayan-Dalahican

November 9-11, 1896
A simultaneous battle during the Philippine
Revolution that led to a decisive Filipino
victory.
The result of the battle was the first significant
Filipino victory in the country’s history.
The Battle of Zapote Bridge

It was fought on February 17, 1897 as part of
the Philippine revolution.
Filipino revolutionary forces led by General
Emilio Aguinaldo defeated Spanish forces
under the command of Governor-General
Camilo de Polavieja.
The Tejeros Convention
The Tejeros convention was the meeting held
on March 22-25, 1897 between the
Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the
Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon(now
General Trias), Cavite.
These are the first Presidential and vice
presidential elections in Philippine history,
although only Katipuneros were able to take
part, and not the general populace.
The Execution of Bonifacio
The Bonifacio brothers were executed by
Aguinaldo’s men on May 10, 1897 in the
mountains of Maragondon, Apolinario Mabini
wrote that Bonifacio’s death demoralized
many rebels from Manila, Laguna and
Batangas who had come to help those in
Cavite, and caused them to quit.
The Retreat to the Montalban
This occurred during the Philippine
Revolution after the 1897 Battle of Naic
southwest of Cavite when Philippine General
Emilio Aguinaldo and his forces retreated to
Puray, Montalbon where they made a last
stand on May 3, 1897.
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Biak-na-Bato
The first republic ever declared in the
Philippines by revolutionary leader Emilio
Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries.
Despite its successes, including the
establishment of the Philippines’ first ever
constitution, the republic lasted just over a
month.
Return to the Philippines and the

Philippine Declaration of Independence
Philippine declaration of independence ( June
12, 1898)
Based on the Reading about the Gunitanga Kasaysayan, answer thefollowing

activities:
1. Why did Aguinaldo write the Gunita ng Kasaysayan? Do you agree with his
objectives in writing this memoir? Defend your answer.
2. There was an issue in the Philippine history that Aguinaldo became a traitor
when he ordered the trial and execution of the Bonifacio Brothers. Research an article
about this, analyze and write your stand on a 1 whole sheet of pad paper.
23
Nation-building)
Topic/ Reading No. 5: Proclamation of the Philippine Independence
A. Engage: Listen to the song “Ang Bayan kong Pilipinas” (You can watch on
youtube, or search on the internet.) Study the lyrics of the song and answer the
following questions:
1. What was the song all about? How did you feel while listening to the song?
2. How is this song related to the present situation of our country?
B. Explore: Read the Declaration of Philippine Independence and answer the

activities afterwards.
Declaration of PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

In the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite, this 12th day of June 1898:
BEFORE ME, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, War Counsellor and Special Delegate
designated to proclaim and solemnize this Declaration of Independence by the
Dictatorial Government of the Philippines, pursuant to, and by virtue of, a Decree
issued by the Engregious Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy,
The undersigned assemblage of military chiefs and others of the army who could not
attend, as well as the representatives of the various towns,
Taking into account the fact that the people of this country are already tired of bearing
the ominous joke of Spanish domination,
Because of arbitrary arrests and abuses of the Civil Guards who cause deaths in
connivance with and even under the express orders of their superior officers who at
times would order the shooting of those placed under arrest under the pretext that they
attempted to escape in violation of known Rules and Regulations, which abuses were
24
(Good go vernance, Re search-orie nted, Extension-driven, Edu cation for S ustainable Development &
left unpunished, and because of unjust deportations ofuilding)
Nation -b illustrious Filipinos, especially
those decreed by General Blanco at the instigation of the Archbishop and friars
interested in keeping them in ignorance for egoistic and selfish ends, which
deportations were carried out through processes more execrable than those of the
Inquisition which every civilized nation repudiates as a trial without hearing.
Had resolved to start a revolution in August 1896 in order to regain the independence
and sovereignty of which the people had been deprived by Spain through Governor
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi who, continuing the course followed by his predecessor
Ferdinand Magellan who landed on the shores of Cebu and occupied said Island by
means of a Pact of Friendship with Chief Tupas, although he was killed in the battle
that took place in said shores to which battle he was provoked by Chief Kalipulako **
of Mactan who suspected his evil designs, landed on the Island of Bohol by entering
also into a Blood Compact with its Chief Sikatuna, with the purpose of later taking by
force the Island of Cebu, and because his successor Tupas did not allow him to
occupy it, he went to Manila, the capital, winning likewise the friendship of its Chiefs
Soliman and Lakandula, later taking possession of the city and the whole Archipelago
in the name of Spain by virtue of an order of King Philip II, and with these historical
precedents and because in international law the prescription established by law to
legalize the vicious acquisition of private property is not recognized, the legitimacy of
such revolution can not be put in doubt which was calmed but not complete stifled by
the pacification proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno with Don Emilio Aguinaldo as
President of the Republic established in Biak-na-Bato and accepted by
Governor-General Don Fernando Primo De Rivera under terms, both written and oral,
among them being a general amnesty for all deported and convicted persons; that by
reason of the non-fulfillment of some of the terms, after the destruction of the plaza of
Cavite, Don Emilio Aguinaldo returned in order to initiate a new revolution and no
sooner had he given the order to rise on the 31st of last month when several towns
anticipating the revolution, rose in revolt on the 28th , such that a Spanish contingent
of 178 men, between Imus Cavite-Viejo, under the command of major of the Marine
Infantry capitulated , the revolutionary movement spreading like wild fire to other
towns of Cavite and the other provinces of Bataan, Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan,
Laguna, and Morong, some of them with seaports and such was the success of the
victory of our arms, truly marvelous and without equal in the history of colonial
revolutions that in the first mentioned province only the Detachments in Naic and
Indang remained to surrender; in the second all Detachments had been wiped out; in
the third the resistance of the Spanish forces was localized in the town of San
Fernando where the greater part of them are concentrated, the remainder in Macabebe,
Sexmoan, and Guagua; in the fourth, in the town of Lipa; in the fifth, in the capital
and in Calumpit; and in last two remaining provinces, only in there respective
capitals, and the city of Manila will soon be besieged by our forces as well as the
provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pangasinan, La Union, Zambales, and some others
in the Visayas where the revolution at the time of the pacification and others even
before, so that the independence of our country and the revindication of our
sovereignty is assured.
And having as witness to the rectitude of our intentions the Supreme Judge of the
Universe, and under the protection of our Powerful and Humanitarian Nation, The
United States of America, we do hereby proclaim and declare solemnly in the name
25
(Good governance, Re search-oriented, E xtension-driven, Education for Sustainable Development &
by authority of the people of these Philippine Islands,
Nation-building)
That they are and have the right to be free and independent; that they have ceased to
have allegiance to the Crown of Spain; that all political ties between them are should
be completely severed and annulled; and that, like other free and independent States,
they enjoy the full power to make War and Peace, conclude commercial treaties, enter
into alliances, regulate commerce, and do all other acts and things which and
Independent State Has right to do,
And imbued with firm confidence in Divine Providence, we hereby mutually bind
ourselves to support this Declaration with our lives, our fortunes, and with our sacred
possession, our Honor.
We recognize, approve, and ratify, with all the orders emanating from the same, the
Dictatorship established by Don Emilio Aguinaldo whom we reverse as the Supreme
Head of this Nation, which today begins to have a life of its own, in the conviction
that he has been the instrument chosen by God, inspite of his humble origin, to
effectuate the redemption of this unfortunate country as foretold by Dr. Don Jose
Rizal in his magnificent verses which he composed in his prison cell prior to his
execution, liberating it from the Yoke of Spanish domination,
And in punishment for the impunity with which the Government sanctioned the
commission of abuses by its officials, and for the unjust execution of Rizal and others
who were sacrified in order to please the insatiable friars in their hydropical thirst for
vengeance against and extermination of all those who oppose their Machiavellian
ends, trampling upon the Penal Code of these Islands, and of those suspected persons
arrested by the Chiefs of Detachments at the instigation of the friars, without any form
nor semblance of trial and without any spiritual aid of our sacred Religion; and
likewise, and for the same ends, eminent Filipino priest, Doctor Don Jose Burgos,
Don Mariano Gomez, and Don Jacinto Zamora were hanged whose innocent blood
was shed due to the intrigues of these so-called Religious corporations which made
the authorities to believe that the military uprising at the fort of San Felipe in Cavite
on the night of January 21, 1872 was instigated by those Filipino martyrs, thereby
impeding the execution of the decree- sentence issued by the Council of State in the
appeal in the administrative case interposed by the secular clergy against the Royal
Orders that directed that the parishes under them within the jurisdiction of this
Bishopric be turned over to the Recollects in exchange for those controlled by them in
Mindanao which were to be transferred to the Jesuits, thus revoking them completely
and ordering the return of those parishes, all of which proceedings are on file with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs to which they are sent last month of the year of the
issuance of the proper Royal Degree which, in turn, caused the grow of the tree of the
liberty in our dear land that grow more and more through the iniquitous measures of
oppressions, until the last drop of our chalice of suffering having been drained, the
first spark of revolution broke out in Caloocan, spread out to Santa Mesa and
continued its course to the adjoining regions of the province were the unequalled
heroism of its inhabitants fought a one sided battle against superior forces of General
Blanco and General Polavieja for a period of 3 months, without proper arms nor
ammunitions, except bolos, pointed bamboos, and arrows.
Moreover, we confer upon our famous Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo all the powers
26
(G ood governance, Research-or iented, Extension-driven, Ed ucation for Sustainable Development &
necessary to enable him to discharge the dutiesNof
atioGovernment,
n-building) including the
prerogatives of granting pardon and amnesty,
And lastly, it was results unanimously that this Nation, already free and independent
as of this day, must used the same flag which up to now is being used, whose
designed and colored are found described in the attached drawing, the white triangle
signifying the distinctive emblem of the famous Society of the "Katipunan" which by
means of its blood compact inspired the masses to rise in revolution; the tree stars,
signifying the three principal Islands of these Archipelago - Luzon, Mindanao, and
Panay where the revolutionary movement started; the sun representing the gigantic
step made by the son of the country along the path of Progress and Civilization; the
eight rays, signifying the eight provinces - Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas - which declares themselves in a state of
war as soon as the first revolt was initiated; and the colors of Blue, Red, and White,
commemorating the flag of the United States of America, as a manifestation of our
profound gratitude towards this Great Nation for its disinterested protection which it
lent us and continues lending us.
C. Explain: Based on your analysis from the readings, choose one paragraph and
write your own understanding and conclusion. Answer in 5-10 sentences. (15 pts.)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
D. Elaborate: What could have happened if the Philippines was not able to gain
independence from foreign control? (5 pts.)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
27
Nation-building)
Topic/ReadingNo. 6: Alfred McCoy: Political Caricatures of the American Era

(Editorial Cartoons)
A. Engage: Analyze the picture below and answer the preceding questions:
1. What was the picture all about?
2. The picture above is an example of editorial cartoon. Where can you usually
find this? What messages does an editorial cartoon want to convey?
28
Nation-building)
B. Explore: Read and Analyze the Topic/Reading No. 6: A Glance at Selected

Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: Political
Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941)
ALFRED MCCOY’S PHILIPPINE CARTOONS: POLITICAL

CARICATURE OF THE AMERICAN ERA (1900-1941)
Alfred McCoy, and American professor and historian together with Alfredo Roces
made a compilation of political cartoons during the American Era. It deals with some
of the editorial cartoons compiled by McCoy and Roces, for students to have a
glimpse of Philippine society during the American Era from the lens of these selected
editorial cartoons. A brief analysis is provided in each cartoon. The students are
expected to make their own criticism/analysis relating the cartoons to contemporary
Philippine society.
Public post is not a hereditary crown
The cartoon shows a politician from
Tondo, named Dr. Santos, passing his
crown to his brother – in – law, Dr.
Barcelona.
A filipino Guy was trying to stop
Santos, telling the latter to stop giving
Barcelona the crown because it is not
his to begin with.
War Against Speculator
This was drawn by Fernando Amorsolo.
A Filipino child who stole a skinny
chicken because he had nothing to
eat. The police officer was relentlessly
pursuing the said child. A man wearing
a salakot named Juan de la Cruz was
grabbing the officer, telling him to
leave the small time pockets and
thieves and to turn at the great thieves
instead. He was pointing to huge
warehouse containing bulks of rice ,
milk and grocery products.
29
Nation-building)
“Death cars” (COLORUM)
The Philippines Free Press published

this commentary when fatal accidents
involving colorum vehicles and taxis
occurred often already
“Flaming Youth” (CINEMA)
A blown up officer was at the screen

saying that couple are not allowed to
neck and make love in the theater.
Two youngster looked horrified while n
older couple seemed amused
UNCLE SAM RIDING A CHARIOT
Uncle Sam Riding a chariot pulled by

Filipinos wearing school uniforms.
The Filipino boys were carrying
American objects like baseball bats,
whiskey, and boxing gloves.
EL TURNO LOS PARTIDOS
Was published by Lipang Kalabaw on

August 24, 1907.
In the picture we can see the Uncle Sam
rationing porridge to the politicians
and member of the Progresista Party
while members of Nacionalista Party
look on and wait for their turn.
30
Nation-building)
C. Explain: Make your own analysis on Reading No. 6 by answering the

activities below.
1. Based on the editorial cartoons by Alfred McCoy, what kind of society did the
Filipinos had during the American Era? Answer in 5-10 sentences.
2. Choose two editorial cartoons from the compilation of McCoy that are related
to the present situation. Discuss your answers in 5-10 sentences each editorial cartoon.
Editorial Cartoon 1:
Editorial Cartoon 2:
31
Nation-building)
D. Elaborate: Artworks such as editorial cartoons could reflect the person’s view and
experiences of the society he/she is part of. Over time, these artifacts could be
windows for the coming generations to have a glimpse of the political, economic, and
social conditions a certain society had been through. As a member of the present
society you are in, with all these issues and realities, express your political, social or
economic observations and commentaries through a caricature (cartoon). The
preceding rubric will be used in rating your work. (20 points)
Rubric for Visual Art
2 pts./Beginning 3 pts./Satisfactory 4 pts./Proficient 5 pts./Excellent
Purpose/ Apparently Intent can be seen Follows a common Clear, thoughtful
Intent purposeless: no to be emerging, but pattern, and delivers exploration with clear
intent can be seen apparent an adequate product intent/purpose.
beyond the need to randomness makes whose intent is seen.
have something. this unclear.
Media/ Chosen materials Chosen materials Chosen materials Chosen materials
Mode of are inappropriate appear thrown soundly represent the contribute to an
Presentation to project, making together and idea or image, if in a effective presentation
presentation less quickly done, common way. Effort of idea or image.
clear or more making project has been expended to Effort and attention
difficult to appear careless and produce an to detail enhance
interpret. Little unclear. acceptable product. project.
apparent effort has
been expended in
producing project.
Content/ Disordered picture Immature or Adequate content Image/project is crisp
Concept plane or use of sketchy appearance. informs and stimulating.
negative/positive Negative/ positive image/project. Effective use of
space. Space space not clearly Elements support elements clearly
appears cluttered related. Irrelevant concept/content. support and enhance
or not resolved: elements contribute concept/ content.
elements obscure to haphazard
content/concept. appearance.
Viewer Viewer is confused Viewer understands Viewer accepts Viewer is engaged in
Reception or apathetic. pretty much what image/ project and image/project.
the attempt is, but is understands intent. Content/ concept is
disappointed in its transformed by
execution. presentation.
Adopted from: Sandra Falconer Pace, 2002
32
Nation-building)
E. Assessment
Identify what is being asked. Choose the answers from the box below. Write
your answers on the space provided.
Nature worship Cory Aquino Limasawa

Mangagayoma Alfred McCoy Ambrosio Rianzares-Bautista
Dato's house or function room Cartoons June
Manyisalat Francisco Albo April
Badhala Antonio Pigafetta Butuan
1. Author of the Philippines Declaration of

Independence.
2. Delivered a speech to a joint session of the US
Congress on 1986.
3. Authored the book Philippine Cartoons: Political
Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941).
4. It became an effective tool of publicizing opinions
through heavy use of symbolism.
5. It has long been believed as the site of the First
Catholic Mass before the end of the 19th century.
6. He was the pilot of one of the Magellan’s ships, the
Trinidad.
7. The author of the “First Voyage Around the World”.
8. The month of the declaration of Independence.
9. The month of the First Catholic Mass in the
Philippines.
10. It was believed that this place was the site of the
First Catholic Mass towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
century.
11. Witches that cause relationship problems.
12. Made charms for lovers
____________________ 13. Type of religious ritual observed by the Tagalogs.
14. It is where religious celebrations are often held.
15. Tagalogs' "all powerful", "maker of things".
33
Nation-building)
REFERENCES
Agoncillo, Teodoro. History of the Filipino People. 8th edition. Quezon City. C & E
Publishing Inc.
Aguinaldo, Emilio. Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan. Manila. C.A. Suntay.

Candelaria, John Lee P. and Alporha, Veronica C. (2018). Readings in Philippine
History. First edition. Quezon City. Rex Book Store.
McCoy, Alfred and Roces, Alfredo. (1985). Philippine Cartoons: political Caricature
of the American Era, 1900-1941. Quezon City. Vera Reyes, Inc.
National Historical Institute. (1997). Documents of the 1898 Declaration of Philippine

Independence, The Malolos Constitution and the first Philippine Republic. Manila.
National Historical Institute.
Rosales, Amalia C., et.al. (2020). Understanding Philippine History: Readings and
discourse. Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Internet Sites:
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (R.A. 6657).
http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1988/ra_6657_1988.html . Retrieved: July
28, 2020.
Primary sources in Philippine History.

http://philhist.pbworks.com/w/page/16367040/FrontPage .Retrieved: July 28, 2020.
34
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Alijis Campus | Binalbagan Campus | Fortune Towne Campus | Talisay Campus

III. TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Topic/Reading No. 1: Antonio Pigafetta: First Voyage Around the World

2. Briefly describe your journey.

Background of the Author

First Voyage Around the World by Antonio Pigafetta

Topic / Reading No. 2: Juan de Plasencia: Customs of the Tagalogs

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

B. Explore: Read the Customs of the Tagalogs by Juan De Plasencia.

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

Distinctions among the Priests of the Devil

Rubric for Essay/ Analysis

Topic/ Reading No. 3: Emilio Jacinto: Kartilya ng Katipunan

B. Explore: Read and comprehend “Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan” by Emilio Jacinto.

ANG KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN

As an organization, the Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) developed a set of

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

Topic/ Reading No. 4: Emilio Aguinaldo: Gunita ng Himagsikan

C. Explain: Emilio Aguinaldo: Gunita ng Himagsikan

Twin battles of Binakayan-Dalahican

The Battle of Zapote Bridge

Return to the Philippines and the

Based on the Reading about the Gunitanga Kasaysayan, answer thefollowing

Topic/ Reading No. 5: Proclamation of the Philippine Independence

2. How is this song related to the present situation of our country?

B. Explore: Read the Declaration of Philippine Independence and answer the

Declaration of PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

Topic/ReadingNo. 6: Alfred McCoy: Political Caricatures of the American Era

1. What was the picture all about?

B. Explore: Read and Analyze the Topic/Reading No. 6: A Glance at Selected

ALFRED MCCOY’S PHILIPPINE CARTOONS: POLITICAL

“Death cars” (COLORUM)

The Philippines Free Press published

“Flaming Youth” (CINEMA)

A blown up officer was at the screen

UNCLE SAM RIDING A CHARIOT

Uncle Sam Riding a chariot pulled by

EL TURNO LOS PARTIDOS

Was published by Lipang Kalabaw on

C. Explain: Make your own analysis on Reading No. 6 by answering the

Adopted from: Sandra Falconer Pace, 2002

Nature worship Cory Aquino Limasawa

1. Author of the Philippines Declaration of

Aguinaldo, Emilio. Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan. Manila. C.A. Suntay.

National Historical Institute. (1997). Documents of the 1898 Declaration of Philippine

Primary sources in Philippine History.

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