PRIMARY SOURCE - A primary source is a first-hand or contemporary account of an event or

topic. They are the most direct evidence of a time or event because they were created by
people or things that were there at the time or event. Primary sources are original materials,
regardless of format. Letters, diaries, minutes, photographs, artifacts, interviews, and sound or
video recordings are examples of primary sources created as a time or event is occurring.
https://library.shu.edu/primarysources

SECONDARY SOURCE - Secondary sources were created by someone who did not experience

first-hand or participate in the events or conditions you’re researching. For a historical research
project, secondary sources are generally scholarly books and articles. A secondary source
interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from
the event. Secondary sources may contain pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources.
Some types of secondary source include:  Textbooks; journal articles; histories; criticisms;
commentaries; encyclopedias. https://guides.library.harvard.edu/HistSciInfo/secondary

1. SITE THE FIRST PHILIPPINE MASS - Limasawa Island in Southern Leyte province has been
confirmed as the site of the Philippines’ first Holy Mass 500th anniversary.

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines issued on August 19, 2020, its official
position on the Site of the 1521 Easter Sunday Mass that will be the part of the
country’s quincentennial celebrations in 2021.

The report was released following the NHCP board resolution in response to the requests from
various institutions, including the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), as the
country has kicked off a series of events leading to the 500th anniversary of the introduction of
Christianity in the Philippines and the victory of Lapu-Lapu in Mactan.

The NHCP resolution is anticipated to end claims that the first Holy Mass mass celebrated by
the Spanish missionaries was instead held in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte.

Limasawa Island is also known to the world’s travelers for its freediving spots. (  Aurora Quadra-
Balibay) https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/limasawa-island-confirmed-site-of-philippines-1st-
holy-mass-500th-anniversary/

2. CAVITE MUTINY - One hundred and forty years ago, on January 20, 1872, about 200
Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite, Philippines, staged a mutiny
which in a way led to the Philippine Revolution in 1896. The 1872 Cavite Mutiny was
precipitated by the removal of long-standing personal benefits to the workers such as tax
(tribute) and forced labor exemptions on order from the Governor General Rafael de
Izquierdo. Izquierdo used the mutiny to implicate Gomburza and other notable Filipinos
 known for their liberal leanings. Prominent Filipinos such as priests, professionals, and
businessmen were arrested on flimsy and trumped-up charges and sentenced to prison,
death, or exile. These include Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Jose Basa, and Antonio M. Regidor.
It was said that the Cavite mutineers got their cue from Manila when they saw and heard
fireworks across the Manila Bay which was really a celebration of the feast of the Lady of
Loreto in Sampaloc. ( Dr. Eusebio Koh ) https://filipinojournal.com/the-1872-cavite-mutiny/
3. RETRACTION OF RIZAL - Since Rizal’s retraction letter was discovered by Father
Manuel Garcia, C.M. in 1935, its content has become a favorite subject of dispute among
academicians and Catholics. The letter, dated December 29, 1896, was said to have been
signed by the National Hero himself. It stated: “I declare myself a Catholic and in this
religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live and die. I retract with all my heart
whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct has been contrary to my
character as son of the Catholic Church.” (Tomas U. Santos)
https://varsitarian.net/news/20111004/rizals_retraction_truth_vs_myth

4. CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN/ CRY OF BALINTAWAK - The Cry of Pugad Lawin, also
known as Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin, alternately and originally referred to as the Cry of
Balintawak, was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule.At the close
of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros) led by Andrés
Bonifacio rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred to as Kalookan, wider than the
jurisdiction of the present-day Caloocan City and overlapping into the present-day Quezon
City. Originally the term "Cry" referred to the first skirmish between the Katipuneros and
the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). Other definitions of the term have been made over the
years, but today it is popularly understood to refer to the tearing of community tax
certificates (cédulas personales) by the rebels to mark their separation from Spain. This was
literally accompanied by patriotic shouts. Because of differing accounts and the ambiguity
of place names in these accounts, the exact date and place of the Cry is disputed. From
1908 until 1963, the official stance was that the Cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In
1963 the Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.
(Jhaypee Guia) https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Cry-of-Pugad-Lawin-
Monument-The-Beginning-of-the-Philippine-Revolution#:~:text=The%20Cry%20of
%20Pugad%20Lawin%2C%20also%20known%20as,beginning%20of%20the%20Philippine
%20Revolution%20against%20Spanish%20rule
5. TEJEROS CONVENTION - The Tejeros convention which was held on March 22, 1897
only worsened the rivalry between the two faction of the Katipunan. The aim of the
convention was to form a central revolutionary government that would unite the two
councils. The Tejeros Convention (alternate names include Tejeros Assembly and Tejeros
Congress) was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of
the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon,Cavite on March 22, 1897. These are the first
presidential and vice presidential elections in Philippine history, although only the
Katipuneros (members of the Katipunan) were able to take part, and not the general
populace. The convention was called to discuss the defense of Cavite against
the Spaniards during the Philippine Revolution. The contemporary Governor
 general, Camilo de Polavieja, had regained much of Cavite itself. Instead, the convention
became an election to decide the leaders of the revolutionary movement, bypassing the
Supreme Council.Andrés Bonifacio, the contemporary Supremo (supreme leader) of the
Katipunan presided over the election. He secured the unanimous approval that the decision
would not be questioned. https://ilovepinoyheroic.blogspot.com/2012/10/tejeros-
convention_8.html
6. THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD BY PIGAFETTA – Antonio Pigafetta
was a key player of one of the most amazing world exploration trips. He was born in Vicenza
in 1492, and he was an Italian seafarer and geographer. The relevance of his own venture,
fundamentally lies in the fact that he took part to the first globe circumnavigation, between
1519 and 1522, and ge was able to accomplish it after the murder of Ferdinand Magellan,
leaving a detailed description of the journey in the report of the first trip around the world,
a lost manuscript that was rescued later, in 1797, and considered one of the most important
documentary evidence relating the geographical discoveries of the Sisteenth Century. (Anna
Ettore) https://www.inkroci.com/culture_movie/review-from-the-world/literatures-
from-the-world/first-voyage-around-the-world-by-antonio-pigafetta.html
7. PHILIPPINE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE - The Declaration of Philippine
Independence (Filipino: Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas) was declared at the
ancestral home of President Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy in Cavite El Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite.
The declaration was made official with the signing and reading of the Act on the
Independence of the Filipino People (originally in Spainsh as the Acta de la Proclamacion de
Independencia del Pueblo Filipino), signed by Aguialdo and 97 other representatives and
witnessed by an American "colonel of artillery."
https://philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Declaration_of_Philippine_Independence