TEST 1

 AGUINALDO –Emilio Aguinaldo fought for a free and independent Philippines, first against
Spain and then against the United States. When the Philippines declared itself an independent
republic in 1898 and Aguinaldo became its president, a significant milestone was reached in
the struggle against colonial rule in Asia.

 HISTORIA – The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as
well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it's a short jump to the accounts of
events that a person might put together from making inquiries

 HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY – refers to the process by which historians gather evidence and
formulate ideas about the past. In order to formulate ideas about the past, it is necessary to examine
primary sources.

 HISTORIOGRAPHY – the writing of history, especially the writing of history based on the critical
examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources,
and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination.

 HUMUNU – they landed on "uninhabited island" or known as "Humunu" (Homonhon) which Pigafetta
referred to as "Watering place of good signs" because the place is abundant in gold. Humunu lays right
of Zamal at 10 degrees north latitude. They stayed there 8 days from March 17 to 25, 1521

 KARTILYA – served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the group's
rules and principles. The first edition of the Kartilya was written by Emilio Jacinto. Andrés Bonifacio later
wrote a revised Decalogue. The Decalogue, originally titled Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z. Ll. B. (Duties
of the Sons of the People), was never published because Bonifacio believed that Jacinto's Kartilya was
superior to what he had made.

 KATIPUNAN – Katipunan, in full Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng

Bayan, (“Supreme Worshipful Association of the Sons of the People”), Filipino nationalist
organization founded in 1892 to oppose Spanish rule. The organization numbered anywhere from
100,000 to 400,000 members.

 LAPU LAPU – Lapu-Lapu is widely celebrated as the first Filipino hero, famously vanquishing
Portuguese conquistador Ferdinand Magellan and his army in their attempt to colonise Mactan Island

 NINOY – Republic Act No. 2956, signed into law in 2004, declares August 21 of every year as “Ninoy
Aquino Day.” It is a non-working holiday nationwide commemorating the death anniversary of
former Senator Benigno “Ninoy” S. Aquino Jr

 PANAY – Panay is a triangular island, located in the western part of the Visayas. It is about 160 km (99
mi) across. It is divided into four provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz and Iloilo, all in the Western Visayas
Region.

 PIGAFETTA – Pigafetta has the merit to have recorded in his chronicles a major event of the History of
the Philippines, the first encounter between Filipinos and Europeans. His work "Report on the First
Voyage around the World" includes the earliest documents available on the language and culture of the
islands of Samar and Cebu.

 POSITIVISM – In historiography, historical or documentary positivism is the belief that historians

should pursue the objective truth of the past by allowing historical sources to "speak for
themselves", without additional interpretation.
  POSTCOLONIALISM – the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of
Western colonialism

 SECONDARY SOURCES – NAA NA NI

 SOURCES CORY – AMBOT UROY NI MAAM
 CAVITE – Cavite is known for its rich history and a large number of national heroes, including the
first president Emilio Aguinaldo (though some historians dispute this claim). The province is one of
the eight provinces that led the Philippine Revolution, and is a site of many important events during the
rebellion.

TEST 2
PRIMARY SOURCES – include documents or artifacts created by a witness to or
participant in an event. They can be firsthand testimony or evidence created
during the time period that you are studying.

 may include diaries, letters, interviews, oral histories,

photographs, newspaper articles, government documents, poems, novels, plays,
and music. The collection and analysis of primary sources is central to historical
research.

Examples of Primary Sources

archives and manuscript material. photographs, audio recordings, video
recordings, films. journals, letters and diaries.

SECONDARY SOURCES – analyze a scholarly question and often use primary sources
as evidence.

 include books and articles about a topic. They may include

lists of sources, i.e. bibliographies, that may lead you to other primary or
secondary sources.

Examples of Secondary Sources

Textbooks, edited works, books and articles that interpret or review research
works, histories, biographies, literary criticism and interpretation, reviews of law
and legislation, political analyses and commentaries.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES?

Primary sources can be described as those sources that are closest to the origin of
the information. They contain raw information and thus, must be interpreted by
researchers. While the Secondary sources are closely related to primary sources
and often interpret them.
TEST 3
VOYAGE OF MAGELLAN – Magellan's arrival in the Philippines paved the way for Spanish rule, introduced
Christianity to the islands, and still lives on in the stories and cultural practices of the Filipino people.

VOYAGE OF PIGAFETTA – Pigafetta had managed to survive, along with his journal—notes that detailed
the discovery of the western route to the Moluccas. And along the way, new land, new peoples: on the far side
of the Pacific, the fleet had stumbled across the Marianas archipelago, and some three hundred leagues
further west, the Philippines

BATTLE OF LAPU-LAPU AND MAGELLAN –It showed how the Filipinos were fearless in fighting against
the foreigners who conquered the country. Filipinos helped one another in defending their country from the
invaders and Lapu-lapu was the one who killed Magellan.
der6Geschlechtsverkehr

TEST 4
History – is the study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society. Political, social,
economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and military developments are all
part of history.

Historian – collect and evaluate information from many primary sources to answer questions about
historical events, a process known as the historical method. They may analyze written records, physical
artifacts, and other types of evidence during the course of their investigations.

Historiography – the writing of history, especially the writing of history based on the critical examination of
sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of
those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination.

TEST 5
VISION – KAHIBAW NAMO

MISSION – KAHIBAW NAMO

CORE VALUES – KAHIBAW NAMO

TEST 6
KARTILYA – BALIK-BALIK

KATIPNAN – BALIK-BALIK

EMILIO JACINTO – Emilio Jacinto was considered one of the greatest military geniuses of his time. He was a
Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and was known as the Brains of the Katipunan, the
revolutionary society led by Andres Bonifacio.

EMILIO AGUINALDO – BALIK-BALIK

TEST 7
MARTYRDOM OF GORBURZA –
It was against this charged environment that GOMBURZA were accused and found guilty of allegedly
orchestrating the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, and charged with treason and sedition by Spanish authorities. They
were sentenced to public execution by garrote in the same year.

The martyrdom of the three priests apparently helped to inspire the organization of the Propaganda
Movement, which aimed to seek reforms and inform Spain of the abuses of its colonial government.
The illustrados led the Filipinos' quest for reforms.

Rizal also dedicated his novel El Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA. In his novel, Rizal wrote: “To the memory of the
priests, Don Mariano Gomez (85 years old), Don Jose Burgos (30 years old), and Don Jacinto Zamora (35 years
old).