GROUP 1

RPH REVIEWER!!!

*MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY!

What is history?

It is a continues process and written in a chronological order of events and it is important to our society. It’s from the
Greek word “HISTORIA” which means to search or look into. As the time past by there are some changes into its
meaning. History is a brief summary or result based on factual research and it also deals with the sequence of important
events. It deals with science that describe and examine past event in the specific group of people.

- Aristotle “father of logic”

- Herodotus (c. 484 BC—c. 425 BC) "father of history’’

Significance of History

1. We could determine and understand the contribution of our ancestor

2. We could understand the task in the present and future

3. History can be used to examine and forecast the things in the environment and society.

4. History can give us deeper understanding of different problems and offer solutions

5. History is an eye opener

COURSE MODULE

In studying history we’ve learned different ways of studying and researching in the social sciences. It helps us to learn
different ways of discovering new knowledge.

STUDYING HISTORY

Once upon a time, the history or story of a society or group of people is rooted from their myth, epic, folklore, and
rituals.

BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES THAT COULD HELP STUDYING HISTORY

1. SOCIOLOGY – Study of society and human behavior

2. SOCIAL SCIENCE – Study of past
3. ARCHAEOLOGY- Study of human activity
4. CARTOGRAPHY- Study of practice of making map
5. ANTHROPOLOGY – Study of human environment
6. PSYCHOLOGY- Study of mind and behavior
7. ECONOMICS – Study of people
8. GEOGRAPHY – Study of figures of the earth
9. LINGUISTIC – Study of language
10. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY – Study of chemistry and living things
PRIMARY SOURCES

Primary sources are usually defined as first-hand information or data that is generated by witnesses or participants in
past events. Those sources produced at same time as the event, period, or subject being studied. These materials are
often located in the Special Collections of a library, rather than in the general collection

Examples of Primary Resources

- Letters

- Photographs

- Voice or Video Recording

- Artifact

SECONDARY RESOURCES

-Those sources, which were produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material. In other words,

secondary sources are historical sources, which studied a certain historical subject.

- It is often written well after the events they report on, and can put past information into it is historical context.

For example: The Revolt of the masses: The story of katipunan By:Teodoro Agoncillo

DIFFERENT METHODS ON EVALUATING SOURCES

EXTERNAL CRITICISM

- Physical characteristics

- Historical characteristics or the

- time it was produced

- Materials use for the evidence

INTERNALCRITICISM

- Content of the source

- Circumstance of its production

- Authors background

- Context
GROUP 2

*RAIDERS OF THE SULU SEA

DR. SAMUEL TAN – Historian National Historian Institute

BARBARA WATSON ANDAYA - Historian National University of Singapore

DR. JULIUS BAUTISTA – Historian Asia Research Institute National University of Singapore

DR. MARGARITA COJUANGCO – Author Kris Valor

HALMAN ABUKABAR - Taosug Descendant Jolo, Sulu

The Spanish established their colony on the southern tip of Mindanao in Zamboanga. Fort Pilar was constructed with
ten (10) meter high wall fortification all around. This was the base of the Spaniards to facilitate their trade. Zamboanga is
very close to Basilan, the Tawi-Tawi and Sulu group of islands and the Maguindanao area where there are three
different tribes were known as Balangingi-Samal, Ilanuns and Sultunate of Sulu, all which were emplying Taosogs who
were excellent warriors.

THREE MUSLIM TRIBES

1. Samal Balangingi

- Raiding tribe

2. Illanun

-Raiding tribe

3. Taosug

-Warriors

ANCIENT MARITIME VESSELS

LANONG - - Large outrigger warships used by the illanun and the Balanguingui people.

- - Specialized for naval battles.

- -Were prominently used for piracy and slave raids from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century in most of
Southeast Asia.

GARAY - traditional native warships of the Balanguingui people in the Philippines. the name means “scattered” or
“wandered” in the Samal language of the Balangungui. Were smaller, faster, and more maneuverable than the Illanun
lanong warships.

SALISIPAN - - Auxiliary vessels.

- Usually part of fleets with larger motherships like pangajava, garay, or lanong warships.
 ANCIENT WEAPON OF THE MORO PEOPLE

MORO KRIS - A weapon of warfare and ceremony. This are not only carried by slave raiders into battles but also by
nobles and high-ranking officials of the Sothern Sultunate. Double edged with either smooth or wavy blades.

KAMPILAN- Longest sword, used by the Illanus. Heavy single edged sword often adorned with hair to make it look even
intimidating. At the tip of the blade, a projecting blunt side was used to pick up the head of a decapitated body.

BARONG - Deadly weapon sword used by the Taosug warriors with single –edged leaf blade made of thick tempered
steel. Used to enclose hand-to-hand battle to cut Spanish firearms down.

ARRIVAL OF THE SPANISH COLONIST

-The presence of the Spanish in the Visayas and Southern Luzon disrupted the spread of Islam. - -When Europeans first
came to this region, aside from spices, woods, tin, and pepper that couldn’t be found anywhere else are the products
that attracted them.

MARITIME VESSELS - -Were large, multi-decked sailing ships - Slower than the warship of Sulu raiders

SPANISH FIREARM - - Had limitations and inaccurate - - Took several steps to reload and only 3 shots per minute.

STEAMSHIPS - - faster, easier to navigate and had various armaments to take on the tribes.

GROUP 3

*HISTORY OF KARTILA

BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR

Emilio Jacinto y Dizon

- Was born Tondo Manila on 15th December 1875, Tondo

- Died on 16th April 1899 at Majayjay
- He known as the brain of the Katipunan, Ka Ilyong, Pingkian, Dimasilaw
- He was a Filipino General during the Philippine Revolution.
- KKK- Kataas-taasan, kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan
- Emilio Jacinto was proficient both in Spanish and Tagalog. He attended San Juan de Letran College, and later
transferred to the University of Santo Tomas to study law.
- Jacinto was the author of the Kartilya ng Katipunan
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KARTILYA

- The Kartilya ng Katipunan (Primer of the Katipunan) served as the guidebook for new members of the organization,
which laid out the group’s rules and principles.

- The first edition of the Kartilya was written by Emilio Jacinto. Andrés Bonifacio later wrote a revised Decalogue. The
Decalogue, originally titled Katung kulang Gagawin ng mga Z. Ll. B. (Duties of the Sons of the People), was never
published because Bonifacio believed that Jacinto’s Kartilya was superior to what he had made.

AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

- The AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT gave way to Liberalism and Classicism and in the 20th century, Modernism. In this
period, secret societies like the Freemasons were established. Coffeehouses, newspapers, and literary salons flourished
as new places for ideas to circulate and transfer.

FRENCH REVOLUTION

- The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France. It became the focal point for the
development of all modern political ideologies. This led to the speed of Radicalism, Liberalism and Nationalism which
greatly influenced the Ilustrados in Philippine and in Europe.

MASONRY

- Masonry was introduced to the Philippines in 1856 when a Spanish naval office organized a lodge In Cavite under the
auspices of the Portugese Gran Oriente Lusitano. However, the true roots of the Philippines Masonry sproutted in 1889
when Graciano Lopez- Jaena organized the Logia Revolucion in Barcelona under the auspices of Grande Oriente Espanol
through Filipino Students studying in Spain, Masonry further spread in Philippine circles, among Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
Jose Alejandro brother’s Antonio and Juan Luna, Jose Rizal and more.

- Masonry as a Civic Movement promoting Fraternity, evidently influenced the dynamics of the Katipunan.

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

- The Propaganda Movement was a set of communication actions through books, leaflets and newspaper articles by a
group of Filipinos who called for political reforms.

- The ilustrados led by Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H Del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena, organized the propaganda
movement which a peaceful crusade for reforms.

The members of propaganda movement or the “Propagandist” aims:

● Spanish and Filipino equality

● Representative in Spanish cortes

● Filipinization of the Philippine parishes

● Individual liberties for the Filipinos

● Philippines as a province of spain

 LA LIGA FILIPINA

- The la Liga Filipina was established by Jose Rizal when he decided to return to the Philippines to continue to call for
reforms through legal means. However, the operations of La Liga Filipina were cut short when Rizal was arrested and
exiled to Dapitan. Left without a leader, La Liga split into two factions – the Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio and The
Cuerpo de Compromisarios led by Numeriano Adriano.

JUAN LUNA

- Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was born on October 23, 1857 at Badoc, Ilocos Norte. He is known for
painting, drawing and sculpting. Juan Luna was one of the first internationally recognized Filipino painters. Juan Luna
was also an influential activist who actively participated in the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century.

- Juan Luna’s first major artistic achievement came in 1881, his work “Death of Cleopatra” was awarded a silver medal
at Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes.

- In May 1884, at the Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid, Juan Luna Won a gold medal for his painting, “Spoliarium”.
He spent eight months completimg the painting which depicts dying gladiators being stripped of weapons and garments
in a Roman circus.

- Juan’s paintings are commonly described as being vigorous and dramatic, with elements of Romanticism that display
the influence of Delacroix, Rembrandt, and Daumier.

- Juan Luna is generally considered as the finest and most influential painter of the Philippines.

FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO (1892-1972)

- Fernando Amorsolo was born in Calle Henan (popularly known today as Pedro Gil) in Paco Manila on May 20, 1892. -
- He studied at the Art School of the Lioco de Manila and at the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts.
- He worked as draftsman for the Bureau of Public Works, as a Chief Artist at the Public Commercial Company, and as a
part time instructor in the University of the Philippines.

- Amorsolo gained and sketched more than 10,000 pieces over his lifetime using natural and backlighting techniques,
which gave him numerous awards and recognitions. The themes of his paintings are mostly rural Philippine landscapes.

Works:

Leyendo el Periódico

Afternoon Meal of the Rice Workers

- Which won the first prize at the New York world’s Fair in 1939. Other works of Amorsolo include the Making of the
Philippine Flag. The first Baptism in the Philippines which was based on he’s accounts of Pigafetta and under the Mango
Tree
GROUP 4

*Mga Gunita Ng Himagsikan By: Emilio Aguinaldo

Background of the Author

* Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, Studied at San Juan de Latran Son of

Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy, a Chinese mestizo couple
* Born March 22, 1869 Kawit, Cavite

with (8) Children which Emilio was the seventh

* Nicknames: “ Kapitan miong “ “ Heneral miong “ “ Kamiong“ Elcaudilo “ “ Hermano Colon “
Siblings

* Felicidad Aguinaldo ( sister )

* Crispulo Aguinaldo ( brother )

*Ambrosio Aguinaldo ( brother )

* Esteban Aguinaldo ( brother )

* Tomasa Aguinaldo ( sister )

* Benigno Aguinaldo ( brother )

* Primo Aguinaldo ( brother )

Spouses

* Maria Agoncillo (1930-1946) Born: June 24, 1859 Taal,

Batangas she was died on May 30, 1946

* Hilaria Aguinaldo (1869-) Born: February 17, 1869 Imus

and she died on March 6, 1921 in Kawit, Cavite.

Children

* Cristina Aguinaldo Suntay ( daughter )

* Miguel Aguinaldo ( son )

* Emilio Aguinaldo, Jr ( son )

* Maria Aguinaldo Poblete ( daughter )

* Carmen Aguinaldo Melencio ( daughter )

Memoirs

- The original memoirs in Tagalog prepared by Aguinaldo in his own handwriting between 1928 to 1946. It was at the
close of 1963 when Aguinaldo, after much deliberation decided to publish his memoirs in 1967.

- All we have is an account from his birth and early years, ending with the 1897 Treaty of Biak-na Bato

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

- Emilio Aguinaldo Y Famy was a Filipino revolutionary politicians and military leader who is officially recognized as the
first and youngest President of the Philippines and the First President constitutional republic of Asia

- At 17, He became the cabeza Barangay of Binakayan, At 25, he became Cavite Viejo first gobernadora cillo captain
municipal. He helped to lead filipino resistance towards the Spanish exiled.

- He returned to the Philippines during the Spanish American War w/ Miong no longer Captain Miong.

- When Law of Maura was enacted Emilio Aguinaldo was the first chosen municipal Captain of Kawit Cavite in 1895.

- At 1962 he became the First President of the Philippines.

- June 12, 1898 We’ve finally free against Spain

- Filipino revolutionary army has begun in 1964 Emilio Aguinaldo wrote the first volume of “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan’’
translated in English “ Memoirs of Revolution “

Battles Fought

* Philippine Revolution- it is between August 1896 until 1898 wherein the key people are Emilio Aguinaldo, Andres
Bonifacio and also Apolinario Mabini. And then the Spanish American War on 1898 it is a conflict between the U,S and
Spain they ended Spanish Colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U,S acquisition of territories in the Western
Pacific and latin America

* Philippine American War- between the United States and Philippine Revolutionaries from 1899 to 1902 an insurrection
that may be seen as a continuation of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule for the mean time on June 12, 1898
the Filipinos declared Independence and proclaimed a professional republic with General Emilio Aguinaldo as the
president

* Spanish American War- Emilio Aguinaldo led a revolutionary movement against the Spanish colonial government in the
Philippines. He cooperated with the U.S during the Spanish American war but subsequently broke with the U,S and led a
guerilla campaign against U,S authorities during the Philippine
 Votings Between Emilio Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio

- Pressing the “Magdalo " and " Magdiwang " to establish the government of rebellion in which it was led by Andrew
Bonifacio

- Mayo 10, 1897 – At the command of Emilio Aguinaldo, Commander Macapagal sent them to "Mt Tala" and shot them
there.

ACHIEVEMENTS

* Emilio Aguinaldo ( 1898-1901 ) The First President of the Philippines who led the Filipinos in fighting against the
Spaniards and the Americans. Declared the Philippine Independence

* The most significant achievements of Emilio Aguinaldo’s Dictatorial Government was the proclamation of the
Philippines Independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite on June 12,1898 . The day declared a National holiday.

GROUP 5

*THE ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

❖ August 1896 June 12, 1898 was a revolution and subsequent conflict fought between the people and insurgents of
the Philippines and the Kingdom of Spain including its Spanish Empire and Spanish colonial authorities in the Spanish
East Indies.

KKK - Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

❖ As a Philippine revolutionary society founded by antiSpanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila in 1892; its primary goal
was to gain independence from Spain through a revolution.

• July 7, 1892 May 25,

1897

• Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa , Emilio Jacinto.

• Kartilya ng Katipunan

GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO EXILED IN HONG KONG

- On December 27, 1897, General Emilio Aguinaldo and 25 other revolutionary leaders sailed for Hongkong from Sual,
Pangasinan, on board the steamer Uranus, in compliance with the terms of the Pact of BiaknaBato.
• Republic of BiaknaBato on November 1, 1897

• Spanish would give selfrule to the Philippines within three years if Aguinaldo went into exile

• Aguinaldo agreed to end hostilities as well in exchange for amnesty and 800,000 pesos (Filipino money) as an
indemnity.

• General amnesty would be granted and the Spaniards would institute reforms in the colony.

SPANISH -AMERICAN WAR

- Was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of
the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to US intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American
acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in
thePhilippine–American War.

April 21, 1898 – August 13, 1898 (3 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)

• Cuba and Puerto Rico (Caribbean Sea) Philippines and Guam (AsiaPacific)

• Resulted in American victory.

BATTLE OF MANILA BAY

- Also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War. He’s battle took place
in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish–American War. The battle was one
of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.

George Dewey

• Patricio Montojo

• Casualties and losses1 dead (due to heatstroke),[5] and 9 wounded

• 1 protected cruiser damaged 77 dead and 271 wounded 2 protected cruisers sunk, 5 unprotected cruisers sunk,
1 transport sunk

TREATY OF PARIS

- Was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire,
especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines
involved a payment of $20 million from the United States to Spain.

• Signed10 December 1898

• Location Paris, France

• Effective 11 April 1899

• Beginning of the age of the United

States as a world power

BATTLE OF ALAPAN

- Was the first military victory of Emilio Aguinaldo after his return to the Philippines from Hong Kong. After American
naval victory of the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned from exile in Hong Kong, reconstituted the Philippine
Revolutionary Army, and fought against a small garrison of Spanish troops in Alapan, Imus, Cavite.

• Alapan, Imus, Cavite, Philippines

• May 28, 1898

• 5 hours, from 10:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M

• Victory at Alapan

• Unfurled the Philippine flag first time at the

Teatro Caviteño in Cavite Nuevo (present- day Cavite City).

• Group of American sailors of the US Asiatic

Squadron also witnessed the unfurling.

GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO

- Was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest
President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia.

• March 22, 1869 February 6, 1964

• Born in Cavite el Viejo (presentday Kawit) Cavite

• Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy- Aguinaldo

• Carlos J. Aguinaldo was the community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal governor)

• His grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and Maria JamirAguinaldo

• He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran

• Captain municipal of Kawit 1894

• Katipunan name Magdalo

• In another branch of Katipunan name

Magdiwang

• Philippine Revolution (1896–1898)

SUPREMO ANDRES BONIFACIO

- Deodato Arellano is the first president of Katipunan in 1892. But in February 1893 he was changed by Roman Basa . In
1895 another changed of position of leader and it was Andres Bonifacio the new President. So he was called Supremo
Bonifacio.

• Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro

• November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897

• Tondo, Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines

• Filipino revolutionary leader and the president of the Tagalog Republic

• The Father of the Philippine Revolution“

• Supreme leader of Katipunan

• Not finishing his normal education, Bonifacio enriched his natural intelligence with self- education.

• Monica (c. 1880–1890, her death) Gregoria de Jesús (1893–1897, her death)

• ChildrenAndres de Jesús Bonifacio, Jr. (born on early 1896, died in infancy)

PAMAHALAANG PAGHIHIMAGSIK

- Elections were held in Barrio Tejeros. San Francisco de Malabon (now General trias) on March 22, 1897.

• Aguinaldo was elected President

• Mariano Trias (Vice President)

• Artemio Ricarte (Captain General)

• Emiliano Riego de Dios (Director of War)

• Andres Bonifacio (Director of the Interior)

• Bonifacio disrupted because of educational attainment.

• Bonifacio angrily declared the elections null and void then walked out.

• Bonifacio build his own government with armed group.

• Bonifacio was executed for being guilty of treason and sedition with his brother Procopio May 10, 1897.

BIAK NA BATO

- Was the first republic ever declared in the Philippines by revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow
revolutionaries. It was disestablished by a peace treaty signed by Aguinaldo and the Spanish GovernorGeneral, Fernando
Primo de Rivera which included provision for exile of Aguinaldo and key associates to Hong Kong.

• November 1 1897 December 14,1897

• The Spanish troops regained Cavite

• Aguinaldo was forced to retreat to the mountains of biak na bato.

• The Spaniards rebels in the mountain hideout was a futile.

• Stalemate ensued broken by a proposal of indemnity and amnesty which the rebels agreed.

• It was disestablished by a peace treaty signed by Aguinaldo and the Spanish GovernorGeneral, Fernando Primo de
Rivera

• Aguinaldo and his officers went in exile in Hong Kong December 1897.
PHILIPPINE AMERICAN WAR

• Was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States that lasted from February 4, 1899,
to July 2, 1902. While Filipino nationalists viewed the conflict as a continuation of the struggle for independence that
began in 1896 with the Philippine Revolution.

• February 4, 1899 – July 2, 1902 (3 years, 4 months and 4 weeks)

• Filipino realized that the Americans were the new colonizers.

• The conflict arose when the First Philippine Republic objected to the terms of the Treaty of Paris under which the
United States

• February 4, 1899, Second Battle of Manila.

• June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States.

• The war officially ended on July 2, 1902, victory for the United States

• Katipunan—continued to battle the American forces for several more years.

• Among those leaders battle against America is Emilio Aguinaldo.

• 1916 Philippine Autonomy Act

JAPANESE WORLD WAR II

❖ The Empire of Japan entered World War II by launching a surprise offensive which opened with the attack on Pearl
Harbor at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT) on December 7th, 1941. Over the course of seven hours there were
coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S. held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya,
Singapore, and Hong Kong.

• Japanese attacked Philippines on 8 December 1941

• War on 8 May 1942 – 5 July 1945

• Aguinaldo was charged with collaboration by the Americans for helping Japanese world war II

AMROSIO RIANZARES BAUTISTA

❖ Was a lawyer and author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence. A distant relative of the Rizal family, Bautista
frequently provided advice to Philippine national hero José Rizal during his school days in Manila.

• December 17, 1830 December 4, 1903

• Also known as Don Bosyong

• Biñan, Laguna, Captaincy General of the Philippines

• June 10, 1896, Gen Emilio Aguinaldo appointed him as Special Commisioner.

• To write “The Act of the declaration of the

Independence.”
ACT OF THE DECLARATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE

❖ Was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo (presentday Kawit, Cavite), Philippines. With the public reading
of the Act of the Declaration of Independence.

• 16 page document

• Contained aspiration of freedom, sacrifices rule and revolution that resulted from it.

• Kawit in the afternoon

• Copies were distributed

• From Philippine Revolutionary Papers PRP in the National Library had varying numbers.

• From Jim Richardson signees 177 persons.