GenEd

Reading in Philippine History

Simeon Ola - Leader of the subsequent valiant attacks in Albay towns and was the last general to
surrender to the Americans.

Baldomero Aquinaldo – Magdalo Faction President, cousin of Emilio.

Mariano Alvarez – Magdiwang Faction President

Gregorio Aglipay – co-founder of Philippine Independent Church.

Isabelo de los Reyes – also a co-founder of Philippine Independent Church.

Macario Sakay – first president of the Tagalog Republic. Executed due to violating Brigandage Act of
1902.

Manuel Tinio y Bundoc – youngest general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army.

Historical Research - Dependent on the availability of primary sources, documentary sources, secondary
event or testimonies of authorities.

Internal Criticism – analysing content

External Criticism – analysing form, the document

The Philippines a Century Hence - An essay written by the National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal which was
published in La Solidaridad.(Newspapers of Propaganda Movement first maiden issue on FEB. 15, 1889).

Kalayaan – Newspaper of KKK

Kingkoy – oldest comic found in Liwayway

Milagros Guerero - Emphasized that history should deal with the articulation of conscious experience.

Juan Luna – painted La Spoliarium

Andres Bonifacio – ama ng masa

Pasyon and Revolution – book of Reynaldo Illeto can be considered as a turning point in the history of
Philippine historical writing. Followed by CONTRACTING COLONIALISM by VICENTE RAFAEL

Andres Bonifacio - Wrote the poem Pag ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa., Ang Dapat Mabatid Ng Mga Tagalog,
Titulado “Presidente” de la Republica Tagala”

Antonio Luna – La Independencia

Graciano Lopez Jaena – Fray Botod, first editor of La solidaridad

Pedro Paterno – Ninay (first novel authored by a native filipino)

Apolinario Mabini - El Verdadero Decálogo (The True Decalogue, June 24, 1898) and Programa
Constitucional de la República Filipina (The Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic, 1898), utak ng
himagsikan,

Emilio Jacinto – utak ng katipunan

Marcelo H. Del Pilar - Dasalan at Tuksuhan, La Frailocracia, 2nd editor of La Solidaridad

Pardo De Tavera – Biblioteca Filipina (collection of Filipiniana), friend of Rizal

Roman Basa – second president of Katipunan

Thomas de Comyn – Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1810

Antonio Pigafetta – writer of Magellan, discover Filipino fond of cockfighting,

Los Casturibres de los Tagalogs – book of Plasencia,(also wrotes Doctrina Christiana – first book of
Philippines) considered as the first civil code of the Philippines.

Antonio de Morga – Historia de las Islas Filipinas, historian studied by Rizal, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas,

Miguel de Loarca – Relacion de las Islas Filipinas (describe material culture of Filipinos)

Jose Montero y Vidal – Historia General de Filipinas (Spanish Philippines)

Henry Peddington – Remarks on the Philippine Islands (Spanish Abuses)

First election of the Philippines – March 22, 1897, happen in Tejeros Convention. Null and void, Daniel
Terona provoked bonifacio.

Zeus Salazar – argues that used FILIPINO in historical discourse.

Fr. Diego de Advante – Historia de la Provincial del Santo Rosarioa (showcased missionary activities)

Renato Constantino – Veneration without understanding

Leslie Bauzon – Perspective on Contemporary Philippine Historiography.

Connie Alaras – wrote PAMATHALAAN

Historiography - Refers to theory and history of historical writing.

Socrates - Argued the importance of coming up with terms before engaging in a discourse.

Filipinos are happy people - Innate character of Filipino was used as weapon to criticize American Policy in
the country.

Ningas cogon – good at first only, inconsistent

Manyana habit – do later, talk first

Objectives of Katipunan – POLITICAL, MORAL, CIVIL

KATIPUNAN FOUNDED – JULY 7, 1892

LAKAMBINI ng KATIPUNAN – Gregoria De Jesus

INA ng KATIPUNAN – Tandang Sora, Melchora Aquino

AMA ng KATIPUNAN – Andres Bonifacio

Nagsuplong ng KATIPUNAN – TEODORO PATINO

REVEALS THE KATIPUNAN TO THE PRAYLE – FR. MARIANO GIL

TRIANGLE METHOD – recruitment style of KATIPUAN

3 sections of KATIPUNAN – Katipun (Anak ng bayan) , Kawal (Gomburza), Bayani (Rizal)

AUGUST 23, 1896 – Cry of BALINTAWAK, PUGAD LAWIN

May 10, 1897 – Lazaro Macapagal killed Bonifacio, throw the body in the Mt. Maragondon, Cavite

Jose Burgos - Continue the Secular Movement of Fr. Pedro Pelaez

Killing of Gomburza – awaken the Philippine Nationalism

Excommunicado – expelled from communion with a church.

TRIUMVIRATE – RIZAL, JAENA, DEL PILAR

PROPAGANDA – Aims “REFORM”

Rizal want to be buried – with a stone or a cross to mark the grave. Rizal did not want anniversary or holiday
for his death.

Rizal – Tulang sa aking mga kabata (8 years old)

-crowning glory on UST “A la juventud Filipina

-kabayo ni Rizal si Alipato

-aso ni Rizal si Usman

-Teodora Alonzo (mother of Rizal also his inspiration)

-Ophthalmologist (because his mother is blind)

- greatest love of Rizal, Leonor Rivera

-but married to Josephine Bracken

-baptize Rizal – Rev. Ruffino Collantes also w/ Rev. Pedro Casanas as sponsor/godfather

- Rizal confirmed death by Gobernador General Camillo Polavieja, Dec. 30, 1896

- Rizal was throw by Despohon at Dapitan

- Taviel de Andrade (Lawyer of Rizal)

- June 19, 1861 Rizal birthday

- born Calamba Laguna

- Elias (also rizal) cited “I die without seeing the dawn that breaks to my homeland”

- Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) & El Filibusterismo (The reign of Greed) 2 most influential novel of Rizal.

-help published El Filibusterismo (about galit, inspired to wonderers jew) (Gent, Belgium) – Ventura

-help published Noli Me Tangere (about pagmamahal, inspired to Uncle Tom’s Cabin) (Berlin) – Maximo
Viola,

-last poem of Rizal “Mi Ultimo Adios” translated by Andres Bonifacio “Pahimakas”

-last words of Rizal “Consummatum Est” or it is finished.

-22 language Rizal can speak a.k.a linguist

-The Philippines a Century Hence, written essay of Rizal to La Solidaridad

- Greatest Hero of Malayan Race

- author of Women of Malolos

- “green field” meaning of Rizal’s name

- controversy on Retraction of Rizal started by the publication of Retana

- 5:30 am awake, 7:03 am time of death, last eaten 3 hard boiled eggs, di naubos binigay sa mga daga

Renato Constantino - believes the history comes from below, People are the primary mover of History,

Teodoro Agoncillo - positive approach in writing history, revolutionized the writing of Philippine History

Gregorio Zaide – Dean of Historiographers

Constantino – Communal Democracy

July 3, 1892 – La Liga Filipina

First teachers: American Soldier/Thomasites

Hare Hawes Cutting Act – Osmena Roxas went to America and ask for freedom. NEARLY FIRST
INDEPENDENCE.

Tydings Mcduffie - Quezon fought for passage of the Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934), which provided for full
independence for the Philippines 10 years after the creation of a constitution and the establishment of a
Commonwealth government that would be the forerunner of an independent republic.

Payne Aldrich Act – partial free trade

Underwood Simmons Act – full free trade

Gabaldon Act - An Act Mandating the Conservation of Gabaldon School Buildings Nationwide, Providing
Penalties and Appropriating Funds Therefor declares the policy of the State to conserve and promote the
country's historical and cultural heritage and resources. Where teachers assemble. Building of Modern Public
Schools throughout the Philippine was implemented.