Readings in Phil.

History Topics 

 "learning history" - is a document,or a series of documents, possibly in audiovisual form ,that is

disseminated in a deliberately structured manner.

 Historical significance - is a historiographical concept that defines and influences the social
remembrance of past events.

 Historical perspective - refers to understanding a subject in light of its earliest. phases and
subsequent evolution.

 Historian - is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on
it.

 Perspective in philosophy - a point of view is a specific attitude or manner through which a

person thinks about something.

 Antonio Pigafetta - was a Venetian (Italian) scholar and explorer. He joined the expedition to
the Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain
and, after Magellan's death in the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the world.

 Ferdinand Magellan - was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the
East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, which was
completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

 Juan Sebastián Elcano - was a Spanish explorer of Basque origin who completed the first
circumnavigation of the Earth. After Magellan's death in the Philippines, Elcano took command
of the carrack Victoria from the Moluccas to Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain.

 a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that
of exploration, scientific research, or war.
 Fleet a large group of ships, airplanes, trucks, etc., operated by a single company or under the
same ownership: He owns a fleet of cabs.

 Rajah Humabon, later baptized as Don Carlos, was the Rajah of Cebu at the time of Portuguese-
born Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan's arrival in the Philippines in 1521.

 Datu Zula suggested to Magellan to go to the island of Mactan and force his subject chieftain
Datu Lapulapu to comply with his orders.

 Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded as Çilapulapu or Cilapulapu, was a datu
of Mactan in the Visayas. Modern Philippine society regards him as the first Filipino hero
because he was the first native to resist imperial Spanish colonization.

 The first recorded conversion in the Philippines took place on this island on Sunday, April 14,
1521 when the King and Queen of Cebu and their subjects embraced the Catholic faith during
the Sunday mass. On that day alone, according to one account, Magellan's priests baptized up to
eight hundred Cebuanos.

 The first documented Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter
Sunday. It was conducted by Father Pedro de Valderrama along the shores of what was
referred to in the journals of Antonio Pigafetta as "Mazaua".

 On April 27, 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was killed by a poison arrow
during a skirmish on the island of Mactan in what is now the Philippines. Magellan and his crew
were assisting a local king they had allied with when they landed on the island of Cebu weeks
earlier.
 Emilio Jacinto (December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899) was a Filipino General during the
Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution
and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society Kataas-taasan,
Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more popularly called
Katipunan, being a member of its Supreme Council. He was elected Secretary of State for the
Haring Bayang Katagalugan, a revolutionary government established during the outbreak of
hostilities. He is popularly known in Philippine history textbooks as the Brains of the Katipunan
while some contend he should be rightfully recognized as the "Brains of the Revolution"
(Filipino: Utak ng Himagsikan, a title that is usually given to Apolinario Mabini). Jacinto was
present in the so-called Cry of Pugad Lawin (or Cry of Balintawak) with Andrés Bonifacio, the
Supremo (Supreme President) of the Katipunan, and others of its members which signaled the
start of the Revolution against the Spanish colonial government in the islands.

 The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, also known as Katipunan
or KKK, was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in
Manila in 1892; its primary goal was to gain independence from Spain through a revolution.

 Deodato Arellano was a propagandist and first president of the Katipunan. He was born to Juan
de la Cruz and Mamerta de la Cruz on July 26, 1844 in Bulacan. The family changed their name
to Arellano in compliance with the Claveria decree of 1849. Arellano studied bookkeeping at the
Ateneo Municipal de Manila.

 Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino revolutionary leader and the president of the
Tagalog Republic. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution".

 Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy QSC CCLH was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader
who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines and the
first president of a constitutional republic in Asia.
 Independence Day is an annual national holiday in the Philippines observed on June 12,
commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898.

 Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino, popularly known as Cory Aquino , was a Filipino politician
who served as the 11th President of the Philippines, becoming the first woman to hold that
office.

 Freedom, generally, is having the ability to act or change without constraint. Something is
"free" if it can change easily and is not constrained in its present state.

 Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension
of civil law by a government, especially in response to a temporary emergency where civil
forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory.

 The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held on March 22, 1897 between the Magdiwang and
Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite.

 Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat who was the
tenth President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.

 Benigno "Ninoy" Simeon Aquino Jr., QSC was a Filipino politician who served as a Senator of
the Philippines and governor of the province of Tarlac. He was the husband of Corazon Aquino
—who, after his death, eventually became President of the Philippines—and father of a later
President, Benigno Aquino III.

 Juan Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr., abbreviated JPE, is a Filipino politician and lawyer. He was a
protégé of President Ferdinand Marcos, and served as Justice Secretary and Defense Minister
under the Marcos regime.
 The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly
in Metro Manila, from February 22–25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance
against regime violence and electoral fraud.