Code of Professional Conduct and Scope of Practice For Radiogrpahers 2022 (Final Draft) PDF

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Medical Care
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SULTANATE OF OMAN
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Directorate General of Specialized
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Technicians
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March 2022
First Edition
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Technologists
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Radiographers
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in the Sultanate of Oman

for Medical Imaging Professionals
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‫وزارة الـ ــصح ـ ـ ـ ــة‬
‫سـ ـ ــلطنة ع ـم ـ ــان‬
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ML-118
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Code of Professional Conduct and Scope of Practice
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‫المديرية العامة للرعاية الطبية التخصصية‬
P
Ministry of Health
Directorate General of
Specialized Medical Care
Table of Contents
Heading Page
Number
i. Acronyms …………………………………………………………………….. 3
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PART-I: Code of Conduct
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1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………….….
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2. Scope ...……………………………………………………………………….. 7
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3. Purpose ...…………………………………………………………………….. 7
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4. Definitions ………………………………………………………………….…. 8
5. Professionalism, Competency & Development and Quality
- Professionalism …………………………………………………... 9
- Competency and Development ………………………………….. 9
- Quality ……………………………………………………………. 10
6. Ethical Obligation
- Compliance to Authority and Regulations …………………….. 10
- Confidentiality and Privacy …………………………………….. 11
- Respect …………………………………........................................ 11
- Responsibilities and Accountability …………………………….. 12
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- Clinical Research …………...……………………………………. 12
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7. Communication and Good Relationships
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- Duty to the Work ………………………………………………… 12
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- Duty to the Patient …………………………………………...…..
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- Duty to the Colleagues and the Profession …………………...… 13
- Duty to the Society ………………………………………………. 14
8. Health and Safety ………………………………………………….…………. 14
9. Responsibilities …………………………………………………….…………. 15
10. References …………………………………………………………………….. 16
PART-II: Scope of Practice
1. Introduction ……………………………………………………….………….. 19
2. Scope ……………………………………………………………….………….. 20
3. Purpose …………………………………………………………….………….. 20
4. Definitions ………………………………………………………….…………. 21
5. Qualification and Educational Requirements ………………………………
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6. Professional Requirements …………………………………………………... 22

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7. Professional Development …………………………………………………....

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8. Clinical Applications of Medical Imaging Service ……………………….... 23

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9. Medical Imaging Specialist and Advanced Scope of Practice ……………..

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10. Career Pathway for Registered Medical Imaging Professionals …………. 25

11. Domains of Medical Imaging Services …………………………………….... 25
12. Proficiency Levels of Medical Imaging Professionals ……………………... 26
- Expert …………………………………………………………... 26
- Proficient ……………………………………………………….. 27
- Competent ……………………………………………………… 27
- Advanced Beginner …………………………………………….. 28
- Novice ……………………………………………………….…... 28
13. Responsibilities ……………………………………………………………..… 29
14. References …………………………………………………………………….. 31
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i. Acronyms
ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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ASRT American Society of Radiologic Technologists
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BLS Basic Life Support
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BMD Bone Mineral Densitometry
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CAMRT Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists
CPD Continuous Professional Development
CR Conventional Radiography
CT Computed Tomography
DGSMC Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care
HCPC Health Care Professions Council
HOD Head of Department
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Health Professions Council of South Africa
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HPCSA
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IR Interventional Radiography
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ISRRT International Society of Radiographers and Medical Radiation
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Technologists
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MMG Mammography
MOH Ministry of Health
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
OMSB Oman Medical Specialty Board
PACS Picture Archiving and Communication System
PHC Primary Health Care
RF Radiographic Fluoroscopy
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SOPs Standards of Procedures

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SOR Society of Radiographers

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US Ultrasonography
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2 2 2 2 Ministry of Health
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PART- I
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Code of Conduct
Code of Professional Conduct and Scope of Practice for Medical Imaging Professionals
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Ministry of Health
Institution Name: Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care

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Document Title: Code of Professional Conduct for Medical Imaging Professionals
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Approval Process
Name Title Institution Date Signature
Written by Asya Al Lamki Sr Science Tutor A DGSMC

MOH-HQ
Hood Al Balushi 2022

Medical Imaging DGSMC
Specialist MOH-HQ
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Reviewed by Dr Adil Al Ansari Assistant DG DGSMC
Abdullah Medical Imaging DGSMC

Al Ghailani Consultant MOH-HQ 2022
Radiology
Technical Ministry of
Committee Health
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Validated by Dr Salim Al Salmi Associate Dean Oman College

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of Health
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Sciences
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Approved by Dr Khadhim Jafar Director General DGSMC 2022

MOH-HQ
Sulaiman
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Ministry of Health
1. Introduction
The aim of the Medical Imaging department is to provide a high-quality service to all
patients/clients. The service must ensure safe and effective healthcare services to all healthcare
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users which complies with the code of conduct and current regulations.
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The complex nature of disease processes involves multiple imaging modalities. Although an
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interdisciplinary team of radiologists, radiographers and support staff plays a critical role in the
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delivery of health services, it is the Medical Imaging Professional who performs the radiographic
examination that creates the images needed for diagnosis.
Medical Imaging Professional integrates scientific knowledge and technical skills with effective
Patient interaction to provide quality Patient care and useful diagnostic information. Medical
Imaging Professionals need to demonstrate an understanding of medical radiation science, human
anatomy, physiology, pathology, medical terminology, image analysis and image interpretation.
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Medical Imaging Professionals play an integral role in preparing for and assisting the radiologist
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in the completion of intricate radiographic examinations. Medical Imaging Professionals duty is to
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maintain a high degree of accuracy in radiographic positioning, imaging modalities and exposure
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technique. Also, he or she is required to have knowledge about radiation protection and safety.
Medical Imaging Professionals use professional and ethical judgment and critical and analytical
thinking when performing their duties. They must remain sensitive to the physical and emotional
needs of the Patient through good communication, Patient assessment, Patient monitoring and
Patient care skills.
Quality improvement and customer service allow the Medical Imaging Professional to be a
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responsible member of the healthcare team by continually assessing professional performance.

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Therefore, Medical Imaging Professional needs to maintain continuing education for optimal
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Patient care, public education and enhanced knowledge, and technical competence.
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The principles of professional conduct of Medical Imaging Professionals in in the Sultanate of

Oman consists of five main codes from which sub-rules emerge. It was also inferred by reference
to the international associations of medical imaging technologists, including the Society of
Radiographers (UK) (SOR), the International Society of Radiographers and Radiological
Technologists (ISRRT), the American Society for Radiologic Technologist (ASRT) and the
Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists (CAMRT), taking into account the
nature of the culture and traditions in the Sultanate of Oman. Medical Imaging Professionals are
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therefore required to abide by the current code of professional conduct.

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Ministry of Health
This document frames the standards of the Medical Imaging Profession in Ministry of Health. It
provides the principles for the professional behavior expected of all its members. It is expected that
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each and every Medical Imaging Professionals will pursue excellence in all professional activities,
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and will act with integrity, accountability and good judgment in the best interests of the
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patient/client, society and the Medical Imaging Profession. Therefore, the MOH requires all
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Medical Imaging Professionals to adhere to the code of professional conduct stipulated in this
document. This document will be updated whenever it is required, and subsequent amendments
will be published on the MOH website.
2. Scope:
The code of professional conduct in this document is applied to all Medical Imaging Professionals
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(radiographers, x-ray technicians, technologists), working in the Sultanate of Oman in all
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Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Departments in both governmental and private health
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establishments.
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3. Purpose:
The Principles of Professional Conduct are a guide to the ethical bonds, responsibilities and
expected standards of behavior for workers and registrants in the field of Medical Imaging in the
Sultanate of Oman. It is considered as a means of supporting these groups, as it is reflected in their
practice and the practice of others as well. It is also the ethical foundation upon which medical
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imaging technicians can advocate and enhance healthcare environments.

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Ministry of Health
4. Definitions:
Code of Conduct is a set of rules outlining the professional norms and responsibilities of, or
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proper practices for, an individual, party or organization. Related concepts include ethical, honor
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and moral codes.
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Colleagues:
Workers in the same profession or other healthcare professions.
Environment:
Clinical and non-clinical workplace.
Healthcare service:
Any service provided by health care professionals, whether at the primary, secondary or tertiary
health care level.
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Medical imaging:
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The Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Service provided through the radiology, diagnostic and
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interventional imaging departments in the governmental and private health institutions, whether
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inside or outside the radiology rooms. It includes the use of ionizing radiation such as General
Radiography, Fluoroscopy (RF) and Interventional Radiography (IR), Bone Mineral Densitometry
(BMD), Computerized Tomography (CT) and Mammography (MAMMO) and non- ionizing
radiation such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasonography (US).
Medical Imaging Professionals/Practitioners:

The technicians, technologists or radiographers of the various specialties in diagnostic radiography
who use ionizing and non-ionizing radiation via medical imaging equipment to obtain diagnostic
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images. They lie under the paramedical categories.

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Profession:
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Medical Imaging Profession.

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5. Professionalism, Competency & Development and Quality

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5.1. Professionalism
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Medical Imaging Professionals must:
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• Maintain high standards of professional practice using their skills and care to provide the
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best quality of health service.
• Practice within the scope of their professional knowledge and competency, and should
always seek for advice and guidance to perform any advanced practice in order to
maintain the best ability.
• Have the ability to work under pressure and to cope with emergency situations.
• Demonstrate the correct and safe operation of medical Imaging equipment and
responding appropriately to accidents.
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• Maintain accuracy and take responsibility for professional decisions and actions.
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Have a duty to work in a co-operative and collaborative manner with other professional
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staff and careers in the interests of their Patients except where there is a legal requirement
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to do otherwise.
5.2. Competency and Development

• Recognize limitations of competence, knowledge and skills and seek assistance when
required.
• Be monitored by a direct supervisor on a regular basis ensuring maintaining good
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professional practice.
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• Be appraised annually, so that further needs for training can be identified, discussed and
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incorporated into a Personal Development Plan.

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• Get continuous proper training and should be recorded for future development.
• Be an active member of continuous professional development (CPD) activities conducted
by the concerned department. This would help in improving and updating their
professional knowledge, skills and to be updated with any new techniques in the field.
(Please refer to CPD/OMSB guidelines).
• Have good troubleshooting, problem solving, reasoning, and leadership skills.
• Acknowledge errors of omission and commission to colleagues, supervisors and Patients.
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• Be able to justify work by maintaining all the documentation required.

• Maintain and strive to improve their professional knowledge and competence.
• Never delegate any task to an untrained, unqualified or un-experienced person without
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supervision.
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• Participate in research related to the medical imaging field or when required.
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5.3. Quality

• Provide high quality services as per the standards and guidelines provided by the MOH
in the Sultanate of Oman.
• Apply the principles of Internal Quality Control and External Quality Assessment.
• Adhere to established workplace policies and procedures to meet and improve
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performance standards.
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• Manage workload and resources, be effective and efficient in:-
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• Prioritizing workload.
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• Responding to urgent requests.
• Timely completion of tasks (Turn-around time).
6. Ethical Obligation
Ethics is a moral guide that governs the professional and personal conduct of all regulated
members of an institution and communicates to the public; the principles by which professional
performance is adjudicated.
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6.1. Compliance to Authority and Regulations

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• Follow the policies, laws and regulations of MOH in the Sultanate of Oman, other
Governing bodies and international laws.
• Follow the policies, laws and regulations that apply to the workplace as long as these do
not conflict with the profession’s ethical guidelines.
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6.2. Confidentiality and Privacy
• Understand and comply with applicable privacy and policies regarding the use, &
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disclosure of confidential information.
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Recognize & reveal conflicts of interest, and resolve them in a manner which maintains
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the integrity of personal health information & protects the best interest of Patient care.
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• Maintain confidentiality of Patient’s information and their illnesses in public places
where the conversation may be overheard.
• Avoid using social media to breach Patient information.
• Not remove confidential Patient information from the premises. Staff that must do this in
the scope of their job must ensure appropriate precautions are in place to protect the
information.
• Not share Patient’s information with anyone except with authorized health care
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professionals.
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• Consider all documents at work confidential and cannot be released without permission
e.g. Standard Operating procedures (SOPs)...etc.
• Not share confidential computer system passwords or any other systems that require a
password to log in.
• Ethically and legally obliged to protect the confidentiality and security of Patient
information acquired through their professional duties, except where there is legal
requirement to do otherwise.
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• Ensure the respect of the profession by acting with honesty, integrity and reliability.
• Be respectful, accessible, and cooperative with others to provide effective Patient care.
• Respect the privacy and modesty of Patients.
• Refer to Patients by their names, not by their descriptions or diagnosis.
• Respect with tolerance, the religion, culture and customs of Patients, visitors and staff.
• Ask Patients permission while training medical imaging students.
• Not violate human rights and respect others.
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• Be accountable for professional actions and decisions, including errors.
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• Act under the law with regard to maintenance of registration or license to practice.
• Avoid exposing without justification.
• Not misuse public resources for personal gain.
• Maintain integrity and strictly adhere to a set of values such as honesty, reliability…etc.
• Be prepared to attend work in emergency situations.
• Legally be responsible and accountable for the results of their professional actions caused
by act, negligence, omission or injury.
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• Obtain ethical clearance from an appropriate local ethics committee when conducting any
medical research.
• All procedures carried out on Patients need informed consent from the Patient.
• Researchers should seek to maximize the accessibility of research findings and wherever
appropriate, publish them in the interest of medical imaging journals.
• Publication of data must not disclose the identity of, or means to identify an individual
Patient or staff member unless prior written consent of the individual is obtained.
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• Adhere to the MOH dress code and work timing.

• Practice a good range of communication skills at all times to convey information and
instruction.
• Communicate effectively with others, recognizing cultural differences that may affect
communication.
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• Accurately record and report results in a clear, timely and appropriate format for
interpretation.
• Use the office phone/internet/fax for official purposes only.
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7.2. Duty to the Patient
• Advocate the most appropriate care for patients.
• Educate patients, families, and caregivers by providing information that can be
understood and used to make informed decisions about their care.
• Ensure the principle of informed consent is upheld throughout the patient’s
experience.
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• Personal prejudices must not affect the professional relationship
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• Respect patient's rights.
• Collaborate and consult with patients, appropriate decision-makers, and healthcare
providers to facilitate optimal patient care.
7.3. Duty to Colleagues and the Profession

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• Report to the medical imaging manager any issues concerning work e.g. if you are not
sure or not competent to work with equipment, so a proper training will be provided.
• Practice good and effective communication skills which are vital for relaying clear and
concise information, advice, instruction and professional opinion to colleagues and
service users.
• Not allow their views of a colleague’s life style, culture, beliefs, race, religion, color,
gender, sexuality or age to prejudice the professional relationship with them.
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7.4. Duty to Society

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• Respect all human rights.
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• Treat all individuals with respect, dignity, and without discrimination regardless of race,
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culture, religious or political affiliation, national, social or ethnic origin, color, gender,
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martial and family status, sexual orientation, language, age, type of illness, mental or
physical ability
• Have the responsibility to contribute from their sphere of professional competence to the
general well-being of the community.
• Participate in community events and activities to raise public awareness about Medical
Imaging Services.
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8. Health and Safety
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Medical Imaging Safety Code of Practice:
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It is the responsibility of everyone carrying out practical work inside the medical imaging
department to take care for the health and safety of themselves, Patients, co-workers and the
environment at all times.
• All Medical Imaging Professionals must read, sign and strictly follow and adhere to the
medical Imaging safety manual provided by MOH.
• A risk assessment should be performed and approved for each medical imaging
procedure.
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• All Staff must inform their supervisor of any illness, treatment or condition that may
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predispose them to infection, or affect their safety in the department.

• All Medical Imaging Professionals must make sure that they are aware of the location of
first aid kits, eye wash stations/bottles, fire alarms, fire blankets, fire extinguishers and
fire exits in the medical imaging rooms and department. They should also ensure that
they are aware of the assembly point locations in the event of an emergency.
• Practice the principles of justification, optimization and ALARA.
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• Responsible behavior is required at all times in the medical Imaging department. Persons
behaving irresponsibly, or suspected of being under the influence of drink or drugs will
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• Responsible to maintain infection control at all times during their working hours in the
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department.
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• Maintain current knowledge of safety standards pertaining to the Medical Imaging
Professionals practice and conduct all procedures and examinations in keeping with these
standards.
• All Medical Imaging Professionals must have a recognized and a valid Basic Life Support
(BLS) license during their clinical practice.
9. Responsibilities:
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foundations and professional obligations for all Medical Imaging Professionals. The code
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acknowledges the moral responsibility of Medical Imaging Professionals to Patients, families,
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colleagues and communities they work with and the healthcare system they work within.
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10. References:
1. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION TECHNOLOGIS, 2019. The ASRT Practice

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Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Available from:
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https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/practice-
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standards/ps_rad.pdf?sfvrsn=13e176d0_24#:~:text=A%20radiographer%20performs%20a%2
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0full,physiology%2C%20pathology%20and%20medical%20terminology.
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2. CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL RADIATION TECHNOLOGISTS, 2021.
Description of Practice [online]. [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Available from:
https://www.camrt.ca/mrt-profession/description-of-practice-2/
Member Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Order Form [online]. [Accessed 25 May
2021]. Available from: https://www.camrt.ca/mrt-profession/professional-resources/code-of-
ethics/member-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct/
4. COLLEGE OF MEDICAL RADIATION AND IMAGING TECHNOLOGISTS OF
ONTARIO, 2020. Standards of Practice [online]. [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Available from:
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https://www.cmrito.org/pdfs/standards/standards-of-practice.pdf
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5. HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS COUNCIL, 2013. Standards of Proficiency for
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Radiographers. Available from: https://www.hcpc-
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uk.org/globalassets/resources/standards/standards-of-proficiency---
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radiographers.pdf?v=637106257920000000
6. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA, 2020. SCOPE OF
PRACTICE: DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY. Available from:
https://www.hpcsa.co.za/Uploads/RCT/Policy/RCT_Scope_of_Practice_Diagnostic_Rad_22
_May_2020_for%20Current_Scope.pdf
7. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE PROFESSIONALS COUNCIL (CORU), 2019. Radiographers
Registration Board Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics [online]. [Accessed 18 April
2021]. Available from: https://www.coru.ie/files-codes-of-conduct/rrb-code-of-professional-
conduct-and-ethics-for-radiographers-and-radiation-therapists.pdf.
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8. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF RADIOGRAPHERS AND RADIOLOGICAL

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TECHNOLOGISTS, 2021. ISRRT Code of Ethics [online]. [Accessed 26 May 2021].

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Available from: https://www.isrrt.org/code-ethics

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9. SOCIETY OF RADIOGRAPHERS, 2013. Code of Professional Conduct [online]. [Accessed

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20 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.sor.org/getmedia/3fe78f73-95c6-423b-86ec-

0d0207694364/Code%20of%20Professional%20Conduct_2
10. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2020. Education and training resources for
radiographers: WHO perspective. Available from:
https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/21/03/education_and_training_resources_for_radiogra
phers.pd
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Code of Professional Conduct and Scope of Practice for Medical Imaging Professionals
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Institution Name: Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care

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Document Title: Scope of Practice for Medical Imaging Professionals
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Approval Process
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Name Title Institution Date Signature
Written by Asya Al Lamki Sr Science Tutor A DGSMC

MOH-HQ
2022
Hood Al Balushi Medical Imaging DGSMC

Specialist MOH-HQ
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Reviewed by Dr Adil Al Ansari Assistant DG DGSMC
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Abdullah Medical Imaging DGSMC
Al Ghailani Consultant MOH-HQ 2022
Radiology Ministry of
Technical Health
Committee
Validated by Dr Salim Al Salmi Associate Dean Oman College
of Health
Sciences
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Approved by Dr Khadhim Jafar Director General DGSMC 2022

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1. Introduction:
This document serves to guide the performance levels, limits and scope of practice for Medical
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Imaging Professionals in the Sultanate of Oman. This document aims to guide professional, safe
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and effective Medical Imaging practice and to protect members of the public against unsafe and
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unethical professional conduct.
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The scope of practice for Medical Imaging Professionals describes the roles and responsibilities
of registered Medical Imaging Practitioners. Medical Imaging Professionals practice
independently or collaboratively with other healthcare service providers. They are guided by their
own code of ethical principles.
The professional scope of practice in Medical Imaging is also differentiated from an individual
scope of practice, which may overlap, but is more specialized than the professional scope. An
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individual scope of practice is based on one's own knowledge of the abilities and skills that have
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been gained through a program of education and professional experience and linked to existing or
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emerging practice frameworks. It is not limited to direct patient care but also includes working in
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management, administration, education, research, advisory, regulatory or policy development
roles; and any other roles that impact on safe, effective delivery of services in the profession
and/or use their professional skills. While the career pathway defines the ongoing mechanism of
the development of the Medical Imaging practitioner where each stage is outlined by level of
education, experience and skills.
The Ministry of Health (MOH) in the Sultanate of Oman mandates that all Medical Imaging
Professionals must work within the scope of practice as defined and detailed in the document.
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Therefore, all healthcare institutions whether government or private must abide by this document
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mandate by the Ministry of Health when developing their clinical practice for the Medical Imaging
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Professionals.
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The Scope of Practice for Medical Imaging Professionals was developed and written by the
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging at the Directorate of Specialized Medical
Care at the Ministry of Health in the Sultanate of Oman with giving consideration to International
best practice for Medical Imaging. The document was reviewed and endorsed by the Radiology
Technical Committee at the Ministry of Health in the Sultanate of Oman.
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2. Scope:
This document is applied to all the Medical Imaging Professionals (Diagnostic Radiographers,
Technologists and Technicians) working in the Ministry of Health and/or in the private healthcare
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establishments in the Sultanate of Oman.
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3. Purpose:
The scope of practice defines the procedures, actions and processes for which a professional has
the knowledge, skills and expertise to practice safely and effectively in keeping with the terms of
the governing bodies without causing any risk to the public or the practitioner
The purpose of this document is thus to provide guideline on scope of practice in the Diagnostic
and Interventional Imaging Services and to ensure the delivery of safe, high quality Medical
Imaging services in both public and private health settings. Also, it aims to support the document
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of “Code of Professional Conduct for Medical Imaging Professionals” developed by the
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Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Services, Directorate General of
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Specialized Medical Care at the MOH, in line with the International Standards for Medical
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Imaging Professionals.
Furthermore, the document describes the role of the diagnostic and interventional radiographer as
a member of the multidisciplinary team and provides a framework for the quality of improvement
programs.
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4. Definitions:
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Career Pathway is a framework of career milestones starting from entry level proficiency to
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consultancy level, where the stages of development are determined by the domains of clinical and
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professional leadership, clinical practice, policy and service development, research and
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evaluation, and education and professional development.
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Code of Conduct is a set of rules outlining the professional norms and responsibilities of, or
proper practices for, an individual, party or organization. Related concepts include ethical, honor
and moral codes.
Competency: It is the application and demonstration of appropriate knowledge, skills, behaviors,

and judgment in the clinical setting expected to demonstrate according to educational and clinical
experience.
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Medical Imaging is a specialized medical profession that includes (MRI, CT, BMD, MAMMO,
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RF, US and General X-ray) and work in collaboration with other medical professionals. These
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professionals are distributed around the region within primary, secondary and tertiary care
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institutions. They are involved in the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients. Diagnostic
Radiography and Diagnostic Imaging are titles refers to the profession of Medical Imaging.
Medical Imaging Professional/Practitioner is a healthcare worker who provide diagnostic

images by the use of medical Imaging equipment and may has different job titles such as
diagnostic radiographer, technician or medical imaging technologist.
Proficiency: It refers to the expected level of performance at any specific stage at the career life
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(From general level to consultant level).

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Scope of Practice is the term which defines and describes the roles and responsibilities of health
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professionals to provide a framework for establishing competence standards, which individuals

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are expected to demonstrate according to educational and clinical experience.
The Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care (DGSMC) is one of the directorates that
works under the oversight of the Undersecretary for Health Affairs, and it works basically to
ensure delivery of effective, safe, and high quality health care services in secondary and tertiary
health care institutions
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5. Qualification and Education Requirements:

According to the rules and regulations of the job affairs for medical and paramedical professionals.
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In terms of private healthcare practice, Medical Imaging Professionals must fulfill the requirements
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of licensing and registration according to rules and regulations of private establishments.
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6. Professional Requirements:
The scope of practice in Medical Imaging is the area of the profession in which Medical Imaging
Professionals have the knowledge, skills and experience and does not pose any danger to the
public or to themselves. It is important that Medical Imaging Professionals meet the MOH’s
standards and are able to practice lawfully, safely and effectively by:
• Providing optimal patient care.

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• Applying principles of ALARA to minimize exposure to patient, self and others.
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• Verifying informed consent for applicable procedures.
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•
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Starting, maintaining and/or removing intravenous access as prescribed by a licensed
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practitioner.
• Recording the patient's clinical history with the procedure and ensuring information is
documented and available for use by a licensed practitioner.
• Assuming responsibility for patient needs during procedures.
• Preparing patients for procedures.
• Evaluating radiographic images for technical quality, ensuring proper identification is
recorded.
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• Identifying and responding to emergency situations.

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• Providing education to colleagues and other health care providers.

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• Educating and monitoring students.

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• Performing ongoing quality assurance activities.

• Applying the principles of patient safety during all aspects of patient care.
• Participating in role extension when available or opportunities arise.
• Attending/participating/organizing CPD programs.
• Appreciating the practice in terms of patient's confidentiality and privacy.
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7. Professional Development:
The realm of Medical Imaging is changing dynamically. Therefore, Medical Imaging
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Professionals have to develop their knowledge and skills to ensure the best evidenced-based and
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up-to-date practice is applied all times.
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Professional development in Medical Imaging may include but not limited to:
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• Managing, educating, mentoring, supervising and training of students, trainees and junior
staff.
• Conducting training and lectures for other professionals to help improve medical imaging
services and to raise the awareness of radiation protection and safety.
• Participating in teaching and training in courses within Medical Imaging educational
programs as directed by the Higher Education institutions.
• Conducting and participating in research in communication, imaging, medical radiation
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science and other related areas.
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•
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Participating in the development, implementation and evaluation of programs, policies,
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guidelines and standards.
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• Planning and conducting activities for maintenance of competency and quality
improvement.
Participating and providing consultation and support for case management and
coordination of service delivery.
8. Clinical Applications of Medical Imaging Service:

This may include but not limited to:
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• Radiology Department.
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• Hospital Wards and Units.

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• Emergency and Resuscitation Rooms.

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• Intensive Care and Special Care Baby Units.

• Operating Theaters.
• Catheterization Lab (Vascular and Cardiology).
• Delivery Suits.
• Endoscopy (Screening).
• Pain Management (Screening).
• Community outreach service (Mammography).
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9. Medical Imaging Specialist and Advanced Scope of Practice
Specialist Scope of Practice:

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Medical Imaging Professional may have advanced education, knowledge and skills to practice
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within a specific area of clinical practice (e.g. CT, MRI, US, IR, MAMMO...etc.). As an expert,
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they demonstrate leadership in consultancy, education and research. They work collaboratively
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with other Medical Imaging Professionals and within a wider health team across a range of clinical
and non-clinical environments. They actively participate and take a leadership role in professional
activities, including local and national strategy and policy development. They work in partnership
with individuals, families and communities to optimize health outcomes.
Advanced Scope of Practice
Medical Imaging Professionals may choose to develop certain skills in the area of advanced
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practice that has been performed by other professions such as PACS, Radiation Science, Medical
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Imaging Science, Management, Quality, Fine Needle Biopsy (FNB-MAMMO), Pediatric
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Imaging, Radiographic Image Interpretation and Catheterization (IR) and Application Specialist.
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These skills require extra training beyond those obtained in the undergraduate or immediate post-
graduate training.
The changing nature of healthcare provision provides an opportunity for Medical Imaging
Practitioners to work beyond their traditional roles. Working in areas of advanced scope of
practice, Medical Imaging Professionals influence the pathway of care and alter the way in which
care is delivered; the process is expedited, more efficient and cost-effective. Advanced scope of
practice is the roles, functions, responsibilities, activities and decision-making capacities that are:
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• Recognized as within the scope of Medical Imaging practice

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Require distinctly increased clinical skills in clinical reasoning, knowledge and

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experience.
• Usually practiced by a leading subgroup of the profession
• Recognized as being expert by members of the profession
• Incorporate evidence-based innovations arising within Medical Imaging specialty, often
arising from structured research
• May have, through custom and practice, been performed by other professions.
• Usually requires additional training, significant professional experience and competency
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Ministry of Health
10. Career Pathway for Registered Medical Imaging Professionals:

The Medical Imaging Services career pathway is a framework of career milestones starting from
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entry level proficiency to consultancy level, where the stages of development are determined by
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the domains of clinical and professional leadership, clinical practice, policy and service
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development, research and evaluation, and education and professional development. The Medical
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Imaging Services career pathway enables recognition of progressive competence development
along with continues professional development. Acknowledging the learning outcomes of higher
education courses of study, the Ministry of Health facilitates targeted education to meet the needs
of the Medical Imaging professions across areas of practice and the professional career levels.
The Competency Framework principally reflects the roles undertaken by Medical Imaging
Services professionals dealing with patients. They may also work entirely in non-patient contact
duties, such as management/ leadership, policy and planning, teaching and research. Based on
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need and feedback, modules or versions of the competency framework may be developed to reflect
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these non-client contact career pathways. This document provides description of the career
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development levels in which the Medical Imaging Services Professional will engage through his/
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her career life from entry level to expert stage. It applies to all Medical Imaging Professionals
who are working in government and private healthcare institutions in the Sultanate of Oman.
11. Domains of Medical Imaging Profession:

According to the medical bylaw for medical and paramedical professionals (Royal Degree No
33/2014), the job titles of paramedical professionals are classified into four categories:
Consultant, Senior Specialist, Specialist and General Practitioner. Therefore, this classification
is applied to the all the Medical Imaging Professionals in all governmental heath institution. In
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2020, the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging at the DGSMC-MOH worked
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on developing career path for all the Medical Imaging Professionals. The Radiology Technical
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Committee (RTC) has approved the use of the proficiency model 'from Novice to Expert' and the
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categories were distributed throughout the levels of this model. Each level has a range statement
which describes the minimum requirements from each category.
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12. Proficiency Levels of Medical Imaging Professionals:

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The following explains the various levels of proficiencies along with their minimum requirements of
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competencies for all the Medical Imaging Professionals:
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12.1. Expert
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The Medical Imaging Expert is able to operate from a critical understanding of the total situation.
The performance becomes flexible and highly proficient. Highly skilled innovative approach is
driven by expert position in which assists the development of the professions.
Expert Competencies:
• Demonstrates the pattern recognition in clinical reasoning process.

• Indicates the ability to anticipate the problem before the diagnostic evidence appearance,
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• Applies innovative interventions and skills to carefully correlate to the patient’s response.
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• Maximizes patient outcomes in situation that allow only short-term or indirect patient
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contact.
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• Plans possibilities for patient care and service improvement.

• Uses preventive approach to avoid future complications and able to accommodate the
adverse situations.
• Incorporates research-based knowledge into specific Medical Imaging discipline.
• Performs clinical audit and critical evaluation to decision making and judgments.
• Demonstrates a holistic and comprehensive approach to Medical Imaging practices in
order to achieve physical, psychosocial and cultural needs of patient and family.
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• Able to control personal feelings within ethical / moral situations.

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12.2. Proficient:
The proficient Medical Imaging practitioner understands the situations comprehensively as he/
she is determined by long term goal of particular discipline. At this stage, the Medical Imaging
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practitioner learns from past situations and experiences and modifies plans according to the
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change that occurs in typical situations.
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Proficient Competencies:
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• Shows confidence to correlate clinical skills and knowledge along with technology.
• Demonstrates holistic understanding to decision making.
• Uses alternative strategies to enhance awareness.
• Identifies priorities at duty task and quickly acts in all situations.
• Performs timed and appropriate management techniques to improve the prognosis of the
situation.
• Assists to achieve comprehensive quality outcomes of patient and family via research-
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• Identifies ethical and moral dilemmas in relation to personal feelings.
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• Integrates the learned lessons into practice via clinical reflective measures.
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12.3. Competent:
At this stage, the medical Imaging professional is independently practicing and apply the
evidence-based approach to manage clinical situations. This stage is characterized by sensible,
systematic and deliberate planning done by the medical Imaging practitioner that assists the
professional efficiency and organization. The duty of care is completed without support in a
timely manner.
Competent Competencies:
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• Performs care delivery standards confidently.

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Deals with typical and complex cases using clinical information and skills based on
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sensible, systematic and deliberate planning.

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• Identifies care priorities according to plan of care and patient goals.

• Recognizes the prognosis of clinical incidents based on past experience.
• Appropriately modifies interventions according to the clinical situation.
• Promotes efficiency and organization via time management skills.
• Applies evidence based practice to develop an individualized plan of care based on patient
needs, policies/ procedures and protocols to achieve quality of care outcomes.
• Provides mentorship and leadership assistance within working environment.
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12.4. Advanced Beginner:
The Medical Imaging advanced beginner demonstrates generally acceptable performance due to
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previous experience in actual situations. The skills and knowledge are developing and efficient
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for some parts of practice area along with occasional supportive prompts.
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Advanced Beginner Competencies:
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• Provides personalized service with confidently assessed, planned, monitored and
evaluated care.
• Maintains accurate clinical records and respects the confidentiality and privacy of patient
and family.
• Remains up-to-date to professional development within professional practice area.
• Adheres to clinical health and safety policies/ procedures and standards.
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Complies with interdisciplinary communication and accountability with colleagues and
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supervisors.
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Assists in mentorship of students and junior colleagues.
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• Performs research appraisal related to own discipline and apply the findings along with
the supportive cues.
12.5. Novice:
This is the level where the Medical Imaging Professional is working under supervision and
acquiring skills of practice. The novice practitioner has a limited experience and lacks confidence
to perform safe practice that requires constant verbal and physical prompts.
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• Demonstrates understanding when assisting in care delivery.

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• Adheres to clinical health and safety policies/ standards and procedures.

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Demonstrates accountability for own practice and assist in creating an environment that
fosters accountability to own practice and facilitates team work.
• Makes patient's primary concern and demonstrates compassionate attitude in delivery of
Medical Imaging services. Continually reflects on own practice in order to identify
learning needs and opportunities for professional growth and development.
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13. Responsibilities:
The Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Services under the Directorate
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General of Specialized Medical Care at the Ministry of Health is responsible for the
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implementation, monitoring, auditing and compliance of this scope of practice by all the Medical
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Imaging Professionals.
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The Head of Medical Imaging Department is responsible for providing all new Medical
Imaging professional staffs with a copy of the scope of practice and ensuring that they have a clear
understanding of the scope. In addition, the HODs are responsible for ensuring that the Medical
Imaging Professionals are able to practice safely and effectively within their scope of practice.
The Medical Imaging Professionals: The role and responsibilities of all the Medical Imaging
Professionals are broad and complex. For this reason, the competency standards for practice have
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been organized into four key dimensions:
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Patient management: This domain relates to aspects of Medical Imaging professional
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performance and behavior which is required to provide appropriate and safe care to patients in a
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manner which is responsive to individual needs and is supported by evidence based practice,
knowledge and skills.
Professional Practice: This domain reflects the Medical Imaging professional understanding of
the professional code of conduct and their ability to work independently and in collaboration with
others while maintaining the professional standards.
Professional Development: This domain acknowledges that each Medical Imaging Professional
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is accountable for establishing, maintaining and evaluating their own lifelong learning needs
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including a commitment to the development of others and the profession.

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Research: The Medical Imaging Professional in a researcher role validates and refines existing
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knowledge and generates new knowledge that influences all domains of their practice. The
knowledge generated through Medical Imaging research is used to support and guide Medical
Imaging practice as well as improve patient care, patient outcomes and the health care system.
• Ability to conduct research activities and evidence based practice as to generate high
quality evidence.
• Foster collaborative relationship to enhance the organization’s capacity to use research
findings and improve patient outcomes.
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• Establishes research priorities to identify knowledge gaps.
• Engages in knowledge transfer, translation and exchange to communicate relevant
findings of the results of research to improve quality of patient care.
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Performance outcomes for these domains are then aligned with each competency, with it being
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expected that achievement of these criteria indicate that the Medical Imaging professional has the
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knowledge, skills and attributes to safely and competently provide evidence based care to patients
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throughout the lifespan.
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Ministry of Health
14. References:
1. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION TECHNOLOGIS, 2019. The ASRT Practice
Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Available from:
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https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/practice-
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standards/ps_rad.pdf?sfvrsn=13e176d0_24#:~:text=A%20radiographer%20performs%20a%
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20full,physiology%2C%20pathology%20and%20medical%20terminology.
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Description of Practice [online]. [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Available from:
https://www.camrt.ca/mrt-profession/description-of-practice-2/
Member Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Order Form [online]. [Accessed 25 May
2021]. Available from: https://www.camrt.ca/mrt-profession/professional-resources/code-of-
ethics/member-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct/
4. COLLEGE OF MEDICAL RADIATION AND IMAGING TECHNOLOGISTS OF
ONTARIO, 2020. Standards of Practice [online]. [Accessed 25 May 2021]. Available from:
https://www.cmrito.org/pdfs/standards/standards-of-practice.pdf
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5. HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS COUNCIL, 2013. Standards of Proficiency for
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Radiographers. Available from: https://www.hcpc-
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uk.org/globalassets/resources/standards/standards-of-proficiency---
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radiographers.pdf?v=637106257920000000
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6. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA, 2020. SCOPE OF
PRACTICE: DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY. Available from:
https://www.hpcsa.co.za/Uploads/RCT/Policy/RCT_Scope_of_Practice_Diagnostic_Rad_22
_May_2020_for%20Current_Scope.pdf
7. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE PROFESSIONALS COUNCIL (CORU), 2019.
Radiographers Registration Board Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics [online].
[Accessed 18 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.coru.ie/files-codes-of-conduct/rrb-
code-of-professional-conduct-and-ethics-for-radiographers-and-radiation-therapists.pdf.
8. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF RADIOGRAPHERS AND RADIOLOGICAL
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TECHNOLOGISTS, 2021. ISRRT Code of Ethics [online]. [Accessed 26 May 2021].

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Available from: https://www.isrrt.org/code-ethics

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9. SOCIETY OF RADIOGRAPHERS, 2013. Code of Professional Conduct [online].

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[Accessed 20 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.sor.org/getmedia/3fe78f73-95c6-

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10. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2020. Education and training resources for
radiographers: WHO perspective. Available from:
https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/21/03/education_and_training_resources_for_radiogr
aphers.pdf
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in the Sultanate of Oman

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6. Professional Requirements …………………………………………………... 22

7. Professional Development …………………………………………………....

8. Clinical Applications of Medical Imaging Service ……………………….... 23

9. Medical Imaging Specialist and Advanced Scope of Practice ……………..

10. Career Pathway for Registered Medical Imaging Professionals …………. 25

ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable

SOPs Standards of Procedures

SOR Society of Radiographers

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Institution Name: Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care

Name Title Institution Date Signature

Written by Asya Al Lamki Sr Science Tutor A DGSMC

Hood Al Balushi 2022

Abdullah Medical Imaging DGSMC

Validated by Dr Salim Al Salmi Associate Dean Oman College

Approved by Dr Khadhim Jafar Director General DGSMC 2022

responsible member of the healthcare team by continually assessing professional performance.

The principles of professional conduct of Medical Imaging Professionals in in the Sultanate of

therefore required to abide by the current code of professional conduct.

imaging technicians can advocate and enhance healthcare environments.

Medical Imaging Professionals/Practitioners:

images. They lie under the paramedical categories.

Medical Imaging Profession.

5. Professionalism, Competency & Development and Quality

5.2. Competency and Development

Medical Imaging Professionals must:

incorporated into a Personal Development Plan.

• Be able to justify work by maintaining all the documentation required.

Medical Imaging Professionals must:

6.1. Compliance to Authority and Regulations

Medical Imaging Professionals must:

Medical Imaging Professionals must:

6.4. Responsibilities and Accountability

Medical Imaging Professionals must:

7. Communication and Good Relationship

7.1. Duty to Work:

Medical Imaging Professionals must:

• Adhere to the MOH dress code and work timing.

7.3. Duty to Colleagues and the Profession

possible service or outcomes.

7.4. Duty to Society

predispose them to infection, or affect their safety in the department.

1. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION TECHNOLOGIS, 2019. The ASRT Practice

8. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF RADIOGRAPHERS AND RADIOLOGICAL

TECHNOLOGISTS, 2021. ISRRT Code of Ethics [online]. [Accessed 26 May 2021].

Available from: https://www.isrrt.org/code-ethics

9. SOCIETY OF RADIOGRAPHERS, 2013. Code of Professional Conduct [online]. [Accessed

20 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.sor.org/getmedia/3fe78f73-95c6-423b-86ec-

5/2 5/2 5/2 5/2

Institution Name: Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care

Written by Asya Al Lamki Sr Science Tutor A DGSMC

Hood Al Balushi Medical Imaging DGSMC

Approved by Dr Khadhim Jafar Director General DGSMC 2022

Competency: It is the application and demonstration of appropriate knowledge, skills, behaviors,

Medical Imaging Professional/Practitioner is a healthcare worker who provide diagnostic

(From general level to consultant level).

professionals to provide a framework for establishing competence standards, which individuals

are expected to demonstrate according to educational and clinical experience.