TECHNOLOGY

Comparsion between microemulsion & macroemulsion?

Macro emulsion
1- more than 500 nm
2-white opaque appearance
3-Thermodynamically unstable, Kinetikeally stable
4- need large energy fro production & higher cost
5- High interfacial tension

Micro emulsion.
1-20-200 um.
2- cloudy-translucent, homogenous
3- Thermodynamically stable, low Gibbs free energy
4-Forms spotaneously & need a 2nd
surfactant called co-surfactant
5- low interfacial tension.

How can we determine the Type of emulsion?

By: 1- The phase volume: larger volume phase ‫ >ـــــــ‬continous phase

2- Bancroft rule: The external phase is the one that the emulsifying agent is
soluble in.

Classification of emulsion
1- Accourding to physical form: - Liquid
-semi solid
2- According to the route of Administration: - oral (0/w)
-parentral (o/w) or (w/o) - topical

What are the terms of acceptable emulsions?

1- physical stability (no phase separation)

2- The flow properties of the emulsion should enable the to be easily removed from
the container

3- must be aesthetically & texturally pleasing.

Oral emulsions are always o/w type.

How do oral emulsion provide a degree of taste masking?

as the aqueous external phase isolates the oil from the tongue.

Advantage of oral emulsion

1-Prepare a relatively stable and homogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids

For orally emulsions o/w types permit palatable administration of distasteful oil
by dispensing in a sweetened flavored aqueous vehicle

2-An oil soluble drug can be dissolved in the dispersed phase

3-Reduced oil globule diameter will make it more digestible, enhance its action
(0.5µ)

4-Introducing incompatible ingredients in different phases as a liquid dosage

form.

Topical emulsions are o/w & w/o type.

 Topical emulsions used for their therapeutic properties or as vehicles-

What are the factors that determine if the topical emulsfor o/w or w/o?
1- Nature of drug

2- Need of emolient or tissue softening effect (o/w)

3- The condition of the skin.

Irritant drugs are placed in the internal phase.

Parenteral I. V. emulsions are o/w type. Parentral I.M. & S.C. emulsions are o/w &
w/o type.

Parentral I.V. emulsion drop size similar to that of chylomicrons approximately

0.5-2 mm.

why are the oils used in J.V. emulsions like soy bean, seame, ect?

1-composed of long cain TG.

2-resistant to racidity.

Comparison between flocculation and coalesence

Flocculation
1- Weak association between emulsion globules separated by thin films of continuous
phase
2- this process is reversible

Coalesence
1- the droplete contact to a second droplet to produce a sing droplet of greater
diameter
2- this process will continue until there is complete phase separation.