FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE PSICOLOGÍA

“Glossary of terms”

Integrantes

Huaman Alberca , Giancarlos David

Quispe Crisanto Estefani Yesavel
Huertas Ramos Sandra
Lopez Astudillo Mayerli Andrea
Ramos Anton Lidia

Docente
CARRASCO VALIENTE, Estela Lucia

Curso
Neuropsicología

Piura - Perú
2023
 Términos y definiciones

1. Cognición

Cognition refers to the mental processes and abilities we use to process information and adapt
to the environment. It is essential to our ability to understand, think, and act in the world around
us. (Baddeley, 2012)

2. Plasticidad Cerebral.

Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to experience
and learning. (Merzenich, 1996)

3. Demencia

Set of symptoms and signs that have in common progressive or chronic damage to functional
autonomy, typical of aging. Affecting memory, reasoning, directionality, mathematical
calculations, ability to retain new experiences, making language and judgment of the person
difficult. (OMS, 2017)

4. Rigidez muscular

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that affects the motor skills of patients,
which has as main alterations: tremor at rest, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural alteration.

5. Neuroimagen.

Anza. O. (2016) Neuroimaging is responsible for the study and treatment of disorders of the
nervous system and neurological rehabilitation, diagnosis of serious (large-scale) intracranial
diseases (such as a tumor) and injuries, it is also used to diagnose diseases and metabolic lesions
on a finer scale (such as Alzheimer's disease) and also for cognitive and neurological psychology
research and interface construction.

6. Marcha atáxica

It is a symptom that is characterized by causing incoordination in the movement of the body.

 7. Dopaminérgicas

Dopaminergic neurons are the nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine. They participate
in important biological processes, the degeneration of these neurons produces a pathology
called Parkinson's disease.

8. Afasia de broca

A type of language impairment acquired in adulthood, often after stroke, in which language is
understood but cannot be expressed.

9.Parkinson

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. It is caused

by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, which leads to symptoms such as tremors,
stiffness, slow movements, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

10. Debilidad muscular

Muscle weakness is a decrease in muscle strength that can be caused by a variety of factors,
including neurological diseases, muscle diseases, hormonal imbalances, infections, or
nutritional disorders.

11. Parálisis

Paralysis is the loss or decreased ability to move in one or more parts of the body. It can be
caused by damage or injury to the nerves that control muscles, spinal cord injuries, strokes,
neurological diseases, infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders.

12 Epilepsia

It is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the presence of recurrent seizures. These

seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can be caused by brain
injuries, congenital anomalies, metabolic disorders, infections, brain tumors, vascular diseases,
or genetic disorders.
 13. Bradicinesia

Bradykinesia can affect any part of the body and can make everyday activities, such as
dressing, eating, and speaking, slower and more difficult. Additionally, bradykinesia can
contribute to other Parkinson's symptoms, such as muscle stiffness and tremors.

14. Neurotransmisores

Neurotransmitters are chemicals created by the body that transmit signals (ie information) from
one neuron to the next across contact points called synapses. When this occurs, the chemical is
released from the vesicles of the presynaptic neuron, crosses the synaptic gap, and acts to modify
the action potential in the postsynaptic neuron.

15. Neuronas

The neuron is the main cell of the nervous system. It has the ability to respond to stimuli by
generating a nerve impulse that is transmitted to another neuron, a muscle, or a gland.

16. Memoria episódica

Storage and retrieval of personally experienced events or episodes. Information is

stored in long-term memory within a defined temporal-spatial context. The
participation of the cortical-subcortical frontal system appears to be essential for
this process.

17. Pseudodemencia

A reversible psychiatric condition, usually depression, with symptoms and

complaints resembling dementia.
 18. Trastorno neurocognitivo mayor

Diagnostic classification in the DSM-5 to refer to dementia. It requires evidence of

prior cognitive functioning impairment in one more than one neurocognitive
domain. These deficits must interfere with the level of independence in activities of
daily living.

19. Sinapsis

It is a specialized connection between two neurons or between a neuron and a

muscle or gland cell. It is the place where nerve cells communicate with each
other to transmit information

20. Médula espinal

It is a thin, cylindrical structure that extends from the brain and lies within the
spinal column. It is responsible for transmitting information between the brain
and the rest of the body.
Referencias Bibliográficas

Baddeley, A. (2012). Working memory: theories, models, and controversies. Annual review of psychology, 63,
1-29. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422

BENEDET, M. J. (1986): Evaluación neuropsicológica. Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer.

https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/771/77100703.pdf Diccionario de psicoanálisis: Abreacción.

Talak, A.M.(2009). Psicología y fisiología en la Argentina. Segunda parte: El automatismo psicológico.

Recuperado de: https://www.aacademica.org/000-020/117.pdf.

Merzenich, M. M., & de Charms, R. C. (1996). Neural representations, experience, and change. In J. T.
Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (pp. 491-506). Cambridge
University Press.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Louis-
Tassinary/publication/209436130_Handbook_of_psychophysiology/links/09e415109a7785ed32000000/Handb
ook-of-psychophysiology.pdf

Anza. O. (2016). Neuroimágenes para mejorar el aprendizaje de alumnos de Preescolar. Recuperado de

https://www.gestiopolis.com/importancia-las-neuroimagenes-mejorar-aprendizaje-alumnos-preescolar/

Organización Mundial de la Salud. OMS (2017).Demencia: impacto mundial. Nota descriptiva N° 362-2017.
Departamento de prensa. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/es/