NERVOUS SYSTEM PRESENTATION

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 OUTLINE
 The nervous system is a body
part of an organism that
coordinates its actions and sends
signals through various sections
or organs of the body.
 In the vertebrates category, the
central nervous system (CNS)
and the peripheral nervous
system are two primary
components(PNS). The brain
and spinal cord are located in the
CNS.
 Introduction to the Nervous System

 The nervous system is the one in charge of the body's control system.

 In the center of the nervous system the brain is the engine and the body will suffer

and die if it ceases functioning.

 Every movement, thoughts and emotions are carried out by the nervous system.

 It emits electrical impulses across the body to produce the desired reaction.

 Such electric impulses can obtain an almost immediate response quickly and

precisely.
 Nervous System Components

 A large array of nerves and neurons

transmitting signals from different
parts of the human body.
 Helps the body, by triggering certain
effectors, to respond to stimuli from
internal and external changes.
 Controls regular function management
and the organism's capacity to deal
with emergencies.
 CNS

 CNS protects and controls the

whole body. The brain and
backbone and the components are
safeguarded from injury by the
cerebral fluid (CSF) by the bone
and cushioned" (Marieb, 2015).
The dorsal body cavity is filled by
the Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS).
 The CNS is associated with
cranial and spinal nerves.
 CNS System Continuation

 The send impulses across the entire body to the peripheral nerves that are

managing  the muscles and internal organs via the spinal cord.

 The somatic nervous system consists of neurons that connect the CNS to

the body components which interact with the external world.

 In the cervical region, the somatic nerves are associated with the neck and

arms; the thoracic nerves serve the chest; and those interacting with the

legs in the lumbar and sacral regions.

 CNS Continued

 The major organs of the Nervous system comprises of the nerves, sense

organs, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, spinal cord, afferent and efferent

materials, meninges, spinal and cranial (Marieb, 2015).

 The central nervous systems comprises of two major components that

effectively interact to perform the desired functions:

1. Brain

2. Spinal Cord
The crucial cells of a humans CNS are :

 Astrocytes

 Microglia

 Ependymal

 oligodendrocytes

I. Astrocytes

biochemical support of endothelial cells that

form the blood–brain barrier

provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue,

maintenance of extracellular ion balance

repair brain and spinal cord following

traumatic injuries
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) mainly consists of spinal and cranial nerves that

extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of body organs, creating a

communication network (Marieb, 2015).

 Two key specialized cells of the PNS are schwann cells and satellite cells
The PNS is divided into two subcategories by function

capabilities

I. Somatic Nervous System (SoNS)

The SoNS consists of nerves connected to our muscles, skin

and sensory organs.

II. Autonomic System (ANS)

The ANS is a collection of motor neurons (ganglia) located

in head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and axon pathways .

“Although all body systems contribute to homeostasis, the

relative stability of our internal environment depends

largely on the workings of the ANS

PNS Continuation
 Coordination between Muscular System and Nervous System

 The nervous system and muscular system work together through the
“implementation of body movements” (What is that the relationship,
2016).
 “The afferent conveys impulses to the central system from sensory
receptors”  
 “The efferent division carries impulses to muscles that function as the link
to the brain”.
 The brain transmits messages in impulses through motor nerves into the
muscular structures. 
 The messages transmitted from the human brain cause shortening muscular
contractions that induces movement.
 The nervous system stimulates as well as regulates muscle activities
throughout the human body (Marieb, 2015, p. 220).
 Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

 The Multiple Sclerosis Condition:

 Some Major Disease and
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of
Conditions of the nervous the central nervous system which leads to recurring
attacks of neurological symptoms” (Multiple
system:
Sclerosis, 2016).
 Multiple sclerosis (MS)  MS is “characterized by inflammation, selective

 Alzheimer’s Disease demyelination and gliosis” (O’Sullivan et al,

2014).
 Epilepsy  The body's own immune cells viciously attack the
central nervous system resulting in acute and
chronic symptoms (Multiple Sclerosis, 2016).
MS begins as an inflammation of the sheath.
 Discussion Questions

 Alzheimer’s Disease  Epilepsy

  This is a progressive ailment of the  A condition that causes seizures and

nervous system that ruins memory disruptions to nerve cell function in the

and other essential brain abilities. brain.

 Epileptic conditions such as a trauma or a
 Brain cell interactions and the cells
stroke, can be caused by a genetic
degrade and die, gradually losing
disturbance or acquired brain injury.
memory and other essential brain
 During an attack a person is affected by
abilities.
irrational behavior, signs and feelings like
 The principal signs are loss of
unconsciousness.
memory and confusion.
 REFERENCES
1. Marieb, E. (2015). Essentials of human anatomy & physiology.
(11th ed.) Pearson. Multiple sclerosis. (2016) U.S. National Library
of Medicine. MedlinePlus. Retrieved from https://
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus

2. Hooper, K .(2011). Managing progressive multiple sclerosis. New

York, NY: National Multiple Sclerosis Society; 2011. Retrieved from
https://www.multiplesclerosis.com/us/treatment.php

3. O’Sullivan, S., Schmitz, T., & Fulk, G. (2014). Physical

rehabilitation. (6th ed). Philadelphia, P.A. F.A. Davis Company.
Retrieved from
http://www.physiopedia.com/MS_Mulitple_Sclerosis#cite_note-Reh
ab_PT-1